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Biomedical subjects

B Carme

Publications and source records attributed to B Carme.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Opportunistic parasitic diseases and mycoses in AIDS. Their frequencies in Brazzaville (Congo)].

To determine the frequency of opportunistic parasitic and mycotic diseases in adult AIDS patients in the Congo, a study was conducted at l'Hôpital Universitaire de Brazzaville in 1986 and 1987. Diagnosis of AIDS was made using the WHO clinical definition for Africa (Bangui, 1985) and HIV seropositivity Pasteur Elisa test. Oral pharyngeal candidiasis occurred in 36% of cases. Intestinal parasitic profile found in 118 patients, 2/3 of whom were associated with chronic diarrhoea showed clearly relative frequency of isosporiasis (Isospora belli): 9.3% and rarity of crystosporidiosis: 4.2%. 12 meningitic cryptococcosis cases out of 139 patients was confirmed (8.6%); for cerebral toxoplasmosis, it was by comparing the serum toxoplasmosis antibody and cerebrospinal fluid rates on 75 patients that an estimation of 20% was reached. Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia seems to be rare, lower than 10%. No case of disseminated histoplasmosis and malignant strongyloidiasis was observed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Rhinoentomophthoromycosis. Therapeutic aspects of the 2 first Congolese cases].

About the two first cases of rhinoentomophthoromycosis (Conidiobolus coronatus) observed in Congo, the spectacular efficiency of ketoconazole must be pointed out: the second patient who has been treated from the beginning, recovered in two months. This evolution is to be compared with the therapeutic difficulties which had occurred before this antimycotic drug was used, as illustrated by the first patient who had to be hospitalized for almost one year and half and to suffer twice from an upper lip necrosis. However, that patient regained a decent facies due to a treatment with ketoconazole which had been postponed for a long time, and added to an hepatitis, and to plastic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Malaria and urbanization in central Africa: the example of Brazzaville. Part V: Pernicious attacks and mortality.

The current incidence of pernicious attacks and of mortality due to malaria were studied in Brazzaville. The results of this study, which concerned all the medical units of the town, were analysed in terms of previous studies on the epidemiology of malaria transmission in the various districts of the town. It was estimated that the annual incidence of pernicious attacks in children in Brazzaville is 1.15 per thousand between 0 and 4 years, 0.25 per thousand between 5 and 9 years and 0.05 per thousand between 10 and 14 years. The annual mortality due to malaria was estimated at 0.43 per thousand between 0 and 4 years and 0.08 per thousand between 5 and 9 years. These values are about 30 times lower than those expected from the results of previous studies of the mortality due to malaria in intertropical Africa. Whereas considerable differences in intensity of malaria transmission exist in the different districts of Brazzaville, the incidence of pernicious attacks and the resulting mortality are remarkably unvarying whatever the level of transmission. In particular, similar results were observed for the sector Mfilou-Ngamaba-Ngangouoni, where malaria is holoendemic with over 100 infective bites per person per year and a parasite rate of 80.95% in schoolchildren, and the central sector of Poto-Poto-Ouenze-Moungali, where malaria is hypoendemic with less than one infective bite per person every three years and a parasite rate of less than 4% in schoolchildren. These results are discussed in terms of previous observations in urban and surrounding rural areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in the Congo. 2. Comparative study in vivo of chloroquine and amodiaquine in Brazzaville schoolchildren (November 1986)].

This study was conducted in Brazzaville, the capital of Congo, for the purpose of assessing the resistance to chloroquine and amodiaquine of Plasmodium falciparum. 64 in vivo tests using the WHO protocol--trial period 7 days after administration over 3 days of a dose of 25 mg/kg (N = 31 for chloroquine, 33 for amodiaquine)--were performed in schoolchildren aged 6 to 7 years, with parasite counts of at least 1,000 trophozoites/mm3. The respective percent resistance was found to be 38.7% (9.7% at the RII level, 29% at the RI level) for chloroquine and 21.2% (3% at the RII levels, 18.2% at the RI level) for amodiaquine. Based on these percentages and levels of resistance, and on changes in parasite counts, amodiaquine does not appear to be more efficacious. The emergence and rapid simultaneous spreading of resistance to these two drugs are discussed.

Amodiaquine↗
PubMed1986

[Drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Congo. I. In vivo study with 10 and 25 mg/kg of chloroquine (235 tests)].

An evaluation of chloroquine resistance in P. falciparum was conducted in four different areas of the People's Republic of the Congo during the months of October and November 1985. Using the simplified seven day in vivo test protocol, 235 tests were completed in 92 children aged three months to five years seen at the Maternal Child Health Clinics (54 children were treated by a single dose at 10 mg/kg and 38 children were treated by the three day dose of 25 mg/kg) and 143 school children aged six to 12 years (70 treated by 10 mg/kg and 73 treated by 25 mg/kg). In three of the zones (Brazzaville, the forest mountains of the Mayombe and Chaillu), a high level of resistance was found in the percentage of children with asexual forms of P. falciparum parasites (1 000 leucocytes) in the blood smears. After 7 days, the percentage of positive results in children treated by 10 mg/kg was found to be 65.5% and 29.3% for children treated by 25 mg/kg. Failure rates, independent of parasite density, were less in school aged children. A significant number of observations seems to be Type II resistance. The situation is more favorable in the fourth area of Likouala, a region of flooded forests in the north of the country.

Child↗
PubMed1984

[Localization of the filaria Loa loa in the anterior chamber of the eye. Apropos of a case].

A live and active thread-like worm was seen in the anterior chamber of a 60-year-old congolese woman. The worm was extracted and recognized as an adult female Loa loa. Taking into account the presence of nonfertile eggs in the aqueous humor and in the uterus of the filarial worm, the authors think that the maturation of the worm from a larval form takes place inside the eye. However, this localization is exceptional.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Litomosoides carinii infection in cotton-rats before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine and suramin: evolution of free serum antigens.

Immunoelectrodiffusion was used to detect free serum antigens after treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and Suramin (S) in 30 cotton-rats infected with Litomosoides carinii. Precipitin lines between an antiserum produced by an adult worm extract and the test serum indicated the presence of free antigens in the serum. The number of precipitin lines was between one and 3. Before treatment only 13.3% of infected rats were positive compared with 83.7% after treatment. There was a difference in the delay before the appearance, the persistence and, possibly, the nature of antigens liberated by DEC and S treatment. With DEC release occurred earlier than with S and the antigens persisted for a shorter time. With combined DEC + S therapy the results were similar to those obtained with DEC and S used alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Antigen sharing between Fasciola hepatica and human erythrocytes.

Several lyophilized bovine and ovine liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica) extracts were examined for the presence of blood group like antigens using an automated haemagglutination inhibition procedure. This sensitive method allowed the detection of A, B, H. Lea, Leb, P1, and Pk group specific substances. Their immunogenicity was confirmed in anti-Fasciola hyperimmunized rabbits. Immunofluorescent probes showed that these substances are located on cell membranes of the tegumental syncytium and caeca epithelium cells of the fluke. These data were discussed along with current concepts concerning, the origin, the consequences ant the biological significance of the occurrence of blood group like substances in parasites.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

[The comparative value of the human basophil degranulation test and classical serology (immunofluorescence, haemagglutination, electrosyneresis, Vogel and Minning's Test) in the diagnosis of bilharzioses due to Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium].

The Human Basophil Degranulation Test (HBDT), using Benveniste's technique, was compared to four serological techniques in a group of 42 cases of intestinal and urinary bilharziosis: indirect immunofluorescence, passive haemagglutination, electrosyneresis, and Vogel and Minning's test. The HBDT proved to be 88% more sensitive than each of the other techniques. It showed excellent specificity in a group of 32 negative controls, allergic subjects or patients with other helminth infestations. This study establishes the HBDT as one of the best immunological diagnostic tests of bilharziosis. However, the HBDT is not quantitative and only indicates reaginic sensitivity. It should be used together with tests of humoral immunity.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1982

Biosynthesis of A, H, and Lewis blood group determinants in Fasciola hepatica.

Classical methods usually applied in human blood group enzyme assays allowed the detection in Fasciola hepatica of 3-alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-transferase, 2 and 4 alpha-L-fucosyltransferases that correspond to A, H, and Lewis human blood group gene-specified enzymes. Their presence indicates the ability of F. hepatica to synthesize A, H, and Lewis blood group antigens that were recently observed in the liver fluke. The biological significance of the data is discussed in terms of host-parasite relationships.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

[Dracunculus medinensis infestation following holidays in West Africa. Epidemiological implications (author's transl)].

All 50 patients with dracunculiasis admitted to a Paris hospital during a 3-year period were West African immigrant workers, 70% of whom came from a very limited geographical area. Only 6 of the workers were "first arrival"; the others had contracted filariasis during holidays in their home country. The mean duration of stay in hospital was 40 days. In 40 of the patients who had spent 6 months or less in their home country, the exact dates of first arrival in France, departure to, and return from, Africa and emergence of adult worms were available, so that the duration of the Dracunculus medinensis cycle (mean: 12 +/- 1,7 months) and the period of local transmission could be determined. These epidemiological data account for the seasonal character of infestation and for the occurrence of dracunculiasis in France. They also exclude a diagnosis of filariasis based on more or less suggestive symptoms when the delays after possible infestation are either too long or too short.

Adult↗