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Biomedical subjects

B Carter

Publications and source records attributed to B Carter.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The rising prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence in North America has been paralleled by the emergence of type 2 diabetes in the adolescent age group. We have examined trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adolescents attending a diabetes clinic in Auckland, New Zealand. METHODS: Surveys of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in attendees at the adolescent diabetes clinic at the Auckland Diabetes Centre were undertaken in 1996 and 2002. The proportion of type 2 diabetes in incident cases of diabetes diagnosed between these years was also calculated. RESULTS: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 1.8% (2/110) in 1996, and 11.0% (18/163) in 2002 (P = 0.008). Type 2 diabetes accounted for 12.5% (6/48) of incident cases of diabetes in the years 1997-1999, and 35.7% (10/28) of cases in the years 2000-2001, indicating a sharp rise in the incidence (P = 0.017) between the two periods. At diagnosis the mean age of the type 2 diabetes subjects was 15 years and the mean body mass index 34.6 kg/m2. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease were common in the subjects with type 2 diabetes: 85% had dyslipidaemia, 58% had increased albumin excretion rates and 28% had systolic hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity-related type 2 diabetes now accounts for a substantial proportion of newly recognized diabetes in the adolescent age group - and this proportion is escalating rapidly. Adverse cardiovascular risk factors are prevalent in this population. Public health measures to curtail the rise of obesity in childhood and adolescence are required urgently.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The association of lumbar spondylolisthesis with collagen IX tryptophan alleles.

Two collagen type IX gene polymorphisms that introduce a tryptophan residue into the protein's triple-helical domain have been linked to an increased risk of lumbar disc disease. To determine whether a particular subset of symptomatic lumbar disease is specifically associated with these polymorphisms, we performed a prospective case-control study of 107 patients who underwent surgery of the lumbar spine. Patients were assigned to one of five clinical categories (fracture, disc degeneration, disc herniation, spinal stenosis without spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis) based on history, imaging results, and findings during surgery. Of the 11 tryptophan-positive patients, eight had spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis and three had disc herniation. The presence of the tryptophan allele was significantly associated with African-American or Asian designation for race (odds ratio 4.61, 95% CI 0.63 to 25.35) and with the diagnosis of spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis (odds ratio 6.81, 95% CI 1.47 to 41.95). Our findings indicate that tryptophan polymorphisms predispose carriers to the development of symptomatic spinal stenosis associated with spondylolisthesis which requires surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Mandibular fractures in Townsville, Australia: incidence, aetiology and treatment using the 2.0 AO/ASIF miniplate system.

In 1995 a total of 114 patients presented with 154 mandibular fractures at the Townsville General Hospital, Australia. Fifty-eight (51%) were white, 50 (44%) aboriginal, and six (5%) of other or unknown race. One-hundred-and-twenty-four of the fractures (81%) occurred in male and 30 (19%) in female patients. Most fractures (n= 128, 83%) resulted from fights. The rest being a result of road traffic accidents (10%), falls (3%), accidents caused by falling objects (3%) and sport accidents (2%). The mandibular angle (n= 66, 43%) and the symphyseal area (n= 40, 26%) were the most common fracture sites. Combined fractures were found in 30% patients (26%). Of all angle fractures, 97% were related to third molars. One-hundred-and-five patients had open reduction by an intraoral approach and stabilization by 2.0 AO/ASIF titanium miniplates and nine closed reduction. Complications included temporary sensory deficit of the mental nerve (3%), minor malocclusion (2%) and infection or dehiscence (5%). We conclude that osteosynthesis of mandibular fractures by the 2.0 AO/ASIF titanium miniplate system is reliable.

Accidents↗
PubMed2001

A pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of Bowen technique in the management of clients with frozen shoulder.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clients' experience of Bowen Technique in the treatment of frozen shoulder in terms of their pain, functional ability and well-being. DESIGN: A case series that used primarily quantitative methods and qualitative interviews. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty participants with frozen shoulder. INTERVENTION: Bowen Technique, using 'frozen shoulder procedure'. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Range of active and passive motion (abduction, flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation and 'wall climb') in both shoulders, pain intensity scores, impact on well-being and health status. MAIN RESULTS: Improvement in shoulder mobility and associated function for all participants. Median 'worst pain' pre-therapy score reduced from 7 (mean 7, range 1-10) to a median 'worst pain' score of 1 (mean 1.45, range 0-5) post-therapy. Fewer pain quality descriptors used by all participants. All participants experienced improvement in their daily activities. CONCLUSIONS: Bowen Technique demonstrated an improvement for participants, even those with a very longstanding history of frozen shoulder. Further trials are warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Advances in coaching: family therapy with one person.

This paper describes the process of "coaching" individuals in their efforts to change themselves in the context of their nuclear and parental family systems. Although this approach is regarded as one of the major modes of intervention in family therapy, the actual methods and techniques for intervention are not widely understood. Moreover, we have expanded the Bowen approach to address powerful cultural and family life cycle influences. The goal of coaching is to help clients define themselves proactively in relationship to others in their families without emotionally cutting off or giving in. Coaching begins by training clients to become observers and researchers of their own role in the family and of family patterns of behavior. Coaching then moves to help them bring their behavior more in line with their deepest beliefs, even if this means upsetting family members by disobeying family "rules."

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Where are the leaders?

The CEO, CAO and Board Chair constitute a non-profit's "power team." How effectively these leaders can combine their individual skills--specifically in mutually supportive ways--determines the critical difference between a non-profit's success or failure.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Ways of working: CCNs and chronic illness.

The study explored the role/skills used by CCNs caring for children with chronic illness. A participant inquiry paradigm was used and data were generated using semi-structured interviews supported by extensive field notes. All the CCNs described the special relationship with the children and their families which was characterised by deep understanding of current and future needs. The CCNs emphasised 'ways of working' which involved high degrees of trust, flexibility, support, reflexivity and empowerment. CCNs help families regain, maintain and develop control over their lives.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A new playing field for all non-profits.

Since the turn of the century, fund raising and consulting practices have changed little in a field defined by slow evolution, low technological advances, labor-intensive practices and relatively expensive time/resource requirements. Almost instantly, the Internet has "leveled the playing field" for all non-profits--allowing small organizations to take advantage of the same premier fund-raising expertise and services once available exclusively to large non-profits with significant resources and budgets.

Fund Raising↗