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B Cochand-Priollet

Publications and source records attributed to B Cochand-Priollet.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Epidermoid carcinoma of the bladder].

Squamous carcinoma of the bladder is a rare tumour, little known in Western countries in contrast with the high incidence in the Middle East and East Africa. It has a sex-ratio of 1 and black populations appear to be preferentially affected. Several recent theories of carcinogenesis elucidate the pathophysiology of this tumour. Its risk factors essentially consist of urinary schistosomiasis and mechanical and chemical vesical irritant factors. The diagnosis of this cancer is often delayed, but can be facilitated by strict follow-up of high-risk patients. Prevention appears possible in these patients. Its prognosis, traditionally poor, essentially depends on tumour stage and grade. Treatment is surgical, essentially radical cystectomy, which has a real therapeutic efficacy. The respective roles of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are currently under evaluation.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation and clinical value of neuroendocrine differentiation in human prostatic tumors.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer, like other solid tumors, is a rather heterogeneous entity. More than 50% of all malignant prostatic tumors contain neuroendocrine-like cells, which cannot be attributed to small cell prostatic carcinoma or carcinoid-like tumors, which represent only 1-2% of all prostatic malignancies. Several investigators have reported that histopathologic determination of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate carcinomas may have prognostic implications, while others have not confirmed these results. However, on the basis of experimental data, neuroendocrine-like cells appear to be involved in the emergence of androgen-independent cells and could be a target for new prostate cancer therapeutic strategies. METHODS: The literature on the neuroendocrine phenotype of prostatic carcinoma is reviewed. This review summarizes most of the accumulated experimental and clinical data on the neuroendocrine phenotype in prostate cancer. We analyze the putative functions of neuroendocrine-like cells in prostate cancer progression and discuss the place of neuroendocrine phenotype biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic factors in prostate cancer. RESULTS: The fact that focal, patchy and heterogeneous clusters of neuroendocrine-like cells are frequently identified in organ-confined prostatic carcinoma probably accounts for the various evaluations of the predictive value of neuroendocrine histological patterns for the clinical outcome at this stage of the disease. The amount of neuroendocrine cells required to produce a detectable elevation in plasma chromogranin A has not yet been determined, but it is correlated with the number of chromogranin A-positive neuroendocrine (NE) cells. Despite the obvious current limitations of the application of neuropeptides as a serological test, this overview will try to more accurately define the possible roles of specific neuropeptides as prostatic cancer markers in diagnostic and monitoring protocols. The plasma chromogranin A level, in comparison with neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin B (CBG), pancreastatin, or secretogranin levels, appears to be the most useful neuroendocrine marker for determination of neuroendocrine differentiation of advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies on neuroendocrine should confirm whether neuroendocrine biomarkers, especially the chromogranin family of peptides, can be used as prognostic markers during the course of prostate cancer or for the selection of patients suitable for evaluation of new antineoplastic drugs known to be active against specific and aggressive subpopulations of tumor cells.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1998

[The intratesticular leiomyoma: an unusual location. Report of a case].

Intratesticular location of leiomyoma is unusual. A single case has been published in the literature. We report a case of what we consider to be an intratesticular leiomyoma, with a description of its pathology, a discussion of its differential diagnosis and histogenesis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1997

Transjugular liver biopsy with an automated device.

PURPOSE: To determine the potential for use of an automated device for transjugular liver biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 29 consecutive patients with liver dysfunction in whom percutaneous transperitoneal biopsy was contraindicated because of thrombocytopenia, severe coagulopathy, or marked ascites, transjugular liver biopsy was performed with an 18-gauge automated device. Histopathologic specimens were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Complications related to the biopsy procedure were noted. RESULTS: In all patients, an adequate biopsy specimen (mean length, 12.0 mm +/- 5.5; range, 5.0-20.0 mm) was obtained during a single pass. In all tissue samples, a confident histopathologic diagnosis was made. Additional information was obtained in 15 patients with cirrhosis who had coexisting diffuse hepatic disease. No complications related to the procedure were noted. CONCLUSION: Use of an automated biopsy device is recommended for transjugular liver biopsy, as it enables safe acquisition of high-quality hepatic tissue samples.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1997

Microscopic study of the pig ureteral urothelium.

PURPOSE: To characterize the structure of normal pig ureteral urothelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal ureters of adult pigs [Large White] were studied by light microscopy. Cells were stained histochemically for glycogen and mucin with Periodic Acid Shiff and Alcian Blue. RESULTS: Pig urothelium has a comparable structure to that of man: transitional epithelium comprising 4 to 5 cell layers. However, several mucinous cells are seen between the urothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: The pig ureter differs from human ureter due to the presence of mucinous cells in the ureteral urothelium under normal conditions. This feature must be taken into account in the interpretation of experimental results obtained with this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of optimal stent size after antegrade endopyelotomy: an experimental study in the porcine model.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of two sizes of internal ureteral stents, 7 F and 12 F, on ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) healing after antegrade endopyelotomy. METHODS: A right UPJ stricture was created in 10 pigs using an open surgical retroperitoneal approach. This model of obstruction consists of initially bridging the UPJ with a Terumo guide wire through an upper third ureterotomy and securing two 2.0 chronic gut ties around the UPJ over the guide wire and a 6 F ureteral catheter. The ureteral catheter is then withdrawn and the guide wire left in situ coiled up within the lumbar wall and fixed to the urogenital opening. Eight days later, each UPJ stricture was incised percutaneously using the invagination technique. Five pigs received a 7 F double-pigtail ureteral stent, while the remaining 5 pigs received a 12/7 F internal endopyelotomy stent. These stents were removed 1 week later. Retrograde ureteropyelography was performed at three months and the UPJ were examined grossly and harvested for histologic studies. RESULTS: One of the 5 pigs in each study group developed a recurrent stricture. The two groups were not statistically different in terms of histologic findings, although fibrosis of the muscle layer was more pronounced in the 12 F group. CONCLUSION: The use of a large caliber stent after experimental antegrade endopyelotomy does not provide any advantage over the use of a smaller easily positioned 7 F stent.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Renal chromophobe cell carcinoma and oncocytoma. A comparative morphologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical study of 124 cases.

BACKGROUND: Renal oncocytoma has several features that overlap with other renal neoplasms, including the eosinophilic subtype of chromophobe cell carcinoma. In fact, strict criteria for renal oncocytoma have not been well defined and remain a matter of controversy. Ultrastructural studies or sophisticated methods such as flow cytometry and cytogenetic techniques can be of great use in distinguishing the two tumors, but are difficult to propose as routine methods because of their limited availability. OBJECTIVE: To further characterize the histologic criteria of these tumors, we undertook a retrospective study to define the utility of routinely available histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. DESIGN AND SETTING: Twenty-one cases of chromophobe cell carcinoma, eosinophilic subtype, and 103 cases of oncocytoma were tested with histochemical (Perls, periodic acid-Schiff, and Hale's colloidal iron) and immunohistochemical (peanut agglutinin antigen and UEA-1 for lectins; cytokeratin KL1, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, S100 protein, and lysozyme) staining. RESULTS: The antibodies tested and the histochemical staining using Hale's colloidal iron allowed eosinophilic chromophobe cell carcinoma to be distinguished by its characteristic reaction pattern. Seventy-six percent of the chromophobe cell carcinomas showed a microvacuolated pattern, and 89% of the renal oncocytomas showed an apical positivity with Hale's colloidal iron staining (P < .01). Peripheral cell accentuation reactivity for cytokeratin KL1 was observed in 66% of the chromophobe cell carcinoma cases, and apical cytoplasmic positivity was observed in 37% of the renal oncocytoma cases (P = .01). Significant patterns were observed with anti-epithelial membrane antigen and anti-peanut agglutinin antigen antibodies (P = .05 and P = .01, respectively). Positive reactions for vimentin, S100 protein, lysozyme, and UEA-1 were not significant characteristics. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that a precise morphologic description associated with simple histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques provides sufficient criteria for a high level of discrimination between the eosinophilic subtype of chromophobe cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Cytology of renal and adrenal gland masses in adults].

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) of renal masses and adrenal glands don't really differ from FNA of other sites. Nevertheless, only few series have been published on this subject, and surgery remains the most conventional attitude after the clinical and radiological diagnosis of a mass. The aim of this "lesson" is to demonstrate that this technique is accurate for kidneys and adrenal glands too.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1996

[Portal hypertension caused by intra-hepatic block in chronic lymphoid leukemia].

A 83-year-old woman with chronic lymphoid leukemia--well controlled for 14 years with chemotherapy--was admitted for ascitis due to portal hypertension. Liver biopsy showed major portal infiltration with monomorphic little lymphocytes. Portal hypertension during chronic lymphoid leukemia might be caused by this periportal lymphoid infiltration or by intraportal venous thrombosis due to thrombophilia or by increasing of hepatic blood flow. Our observation showed that hepatic localizations of the disease may induce acute symptoms even when the lymphoid leukemia seems to be under control both in terms of blood parameters and lymphadenopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Laparoscopic fibrin glue ureteral anastomosis: experimental study in the porcine model.

Laparoscopic suturing is still difficult and time-consuming. The aim of this study, using the porcine model, was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of laparoscopic fibrin glue ureteral anastomosis without stay sutures for approximating the ureteral ends. In five pigs, after bilateral cystoscopic insertion of a 7F ureteral catheter, each upper ureter was laparoscopically dissected free and transected with scissors. The ureteral ends were then approximated with two atraumatic grasping forceps, and the fibrin glue was applied over the anastomotic site using a specially designed catheter (Duplocath). After waiting 5 minutes for the sealant to adhere, the forceps were removed, and the anastomotic site was examined for any early disruption. The ureteral stents were then pulled back to the distal ureter, and retrograde ureteropyelography was accomplished bilaterally in order to assess the immediate patency of the anastomoses. The animals were sacrificed and the ureteral anastomoses surgically removed for histologic examination. The operative time after insertion of the trocars averaged 15 minutes for each anastomosis, and no early disruption was observed after withdrawal of the grasping forceps. Immediate ureteral fluoroscopic patency was achieved in all 10 ureteral anastomoses, without leakage in 8 and with minimal leakage in 2. Histologic examination revealed a mild inflammatory reaction in the serosa with no modifications of the mucosa or the muscularis. Subsequently, two pigs were subjected to the same procedure bilaterally and not sacrificed. These two animals died with enormous urinomas on postoperative days 6 and 8. In each case, the anastomotic site was completely disrupted on one side, while the other side remained grossly patent. However, histologic examination of these latter anastomoses revealed no real coaptation of the ureteral ends, while demonstrating complete eversion of the mucosa. In conclusion, fibrin glue ureteroureterostomies, although easy to accomplish, are not safe enough to be used without stay sutures in laparoscopic surgery.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1996

[Embryonal carcinoma and anaplastic seminoma of the testis: diagnostic difficulties].

In this case report concerning a testicular tumor, the difficulty of discriminating between embryonic carcinoma with granulomatous reaction and anaplastic seminoma is described. According to the literature and the findings of the present case, the value of immunohistochemical investigations is emphasized, especially the use of anti cytokeratin antibody in the diagnosis of embryonic carcinoma. Therapeutic issues stress the importance of such a diagnosis. Furthermore the immunohistochemical identification of embryonic carcinoma in every case should lead to a new classification of the so-called anaplastic seminoma's entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Potential of the back propagation neural network in the morphologic examination of thyroid lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential of back propagation (BP) neural networks (NNs) in the discrimination of benign from malignant thyroid lesions. STUDY DESIGN: The study was performed on May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained smears obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA). Using a custom image analysis system, 26 features that describe the size, shape and texture of the nucleus were measured from each cell. The cases were distributed according to categories, as follows: 25 cases of goiter and follicular adenomas, 1 case of follicular carcinoma, 12 cases of papillary carcinoma, 6 cases of oncocytic adenoma, 3 cases of oncocytic carcinoma and 4 cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis. From each case about 100 nuclei were measured; they formed a pool of 13,850 feature vectors. Out of this pool, 2,770 vectors were randomly selected to form the training set, and the remaining 11,080 vectors formed the test set. RESULTS: The application of a BP NN on the nuclear measurements permitted correct classification of 90.61% nuclei. Classification at the patient level was performed using a hypothesis test for proportion and two different hypothesis values, one equal to the overall accuracy of the NN and one equal to 50%. The second method permitted correct classification of 98% of patients. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the use of NNs combined with image morphometry and statistical techniques may offer useful information on the potential malignancy of thyroid cells and may improve the diagnostic accuracy of FNA of the thyroid gland, especially in cases classified as suspicious for malignancy.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Experimental study of Wallstent self-expandable metal stent in ureteral implantation.

In regard to the risk of stent obstruction, there are persistent controversies concerning the use of the Wallstent self-expandable metal stents in the ureter. Only a few clinical trials have been published to date, and, from a technical point of view, no success predictors have been identified. In an experimental study using a pig model, we have shown that neither the length of the stent (5 or 10 cm) nor an initial 1-month intubation had any influence on the outcome of the stents. Among the eight implantations studied (four 5-cm and four 10-cm stents), only one 5-cm stent was perfectly patent at 35 days. In all the remaining stents, after 35 or 90 days, constant failure was related to distal narrowing at the edge of the stent, with no difference between the 5- and 10-cm stents or between the intubated and the nonintubated stents. This distal narrowing, probably attributable to a functional discrepancy between an adynamic stented ureter and a normal underlying ureter, demands extreme caution in human applications when the ureter is normally peristaltic.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Methotrexate related B lymphoproliferative disease in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Role of Epstein-Barr virus infection.

A 57-year-old woman receiving low dose methotrexate (MTX) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) developed a B lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) that was initially considered as large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B cell phenotype. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cytotoxic latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) expression was found in some large cells. The lymphoproliferative disease reversed with MTX discontinuation and without chemotherapy. These EBV-associated LPD in patients with RA receiving MTX or other immunosuppressive agents seem to be similar to those triggered by EBV in transplant patients receiving cyclosporine A. MTX withdrawal and short followup should be considered before chemotherapy since spontaneous regression is possible.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1994

Immunocytochemical comparison of cultured normal epithelial prostatic cells with prostatic tissue sections.

By analyzing a culture system of human prostatic epithelial cells (HPEC) and human prostatic fibroblasts (HPF) for expression of several determinants by immunocytochemistry, we have shown that long-term cultures are able to preserve the phenotypic characteristics of the normal tissue from which they are derived. The cytoskeletal elements, prostate-specific proteins, and steroid receptor profiles were compared to those of prostatic epithelium and stroma in situ. When cultured in low serum and low calcium medium, the adult HPEC grew as two layers of cells, the upper one of which retained the differentiation characteristics observed in the luminal fraction of normal prostatic epithelium. This cell type is the likely origin of prostatic neoplasia, with expression of CK8, 18, and 19 but not CK14. Androgen receptors, prostatic-specific antigen, and prostatic acid phosphatase are also expressed in vitro but at lower level than in situ. The lower cell layer expressed most of the same determinants but at a much lower level, suggestive of a stem-cell type. The HPF cultured in RPMI serum supplemented media retained the stromal pattern of the cells observed in situ. Culture systems which conserve the characteristics of their normal counterparts in vivo should provide useful models for studying in vitro genetic and epigenetic factors associated with differentiation and proliferation, but also with tumorigenic progression in the prostatic gland.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1994

The diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasonography in nonfunctional thyroid nodules: a prospective study comparing cytologic and histologic findings.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules has been proposed as a preoperative screening method to reduce the number of patients with benign nodules referred for surgery. Only a few previously published studies have compared cytologic results with a systematic surgical control; furthermore, the role of ultrasound guidance for FNAB in obtaining representative material has been poorly evaluated. The authors tried to assess the diagnostic value of FNAB performed under ultrasonography in a series of patients with a cold nodule and a systematic surgical control. This prospective study included 132 consecutive patients, 19 men and 113 women, aged from 18 to 82 years. The rate of carcinomas was 13.8%. A very high rate of adequate material was obtained (96.2%). Sensitivity, specificity, and global accuracy were 95%, 87.7%, and 89%, respectively. These results, which are equivalent to those previously published but associated with a low level of insufficient material, emphasize the diagnostic value of thyroid FNAB.

Adult↗