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Biomedical subjects

B Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to B Cooper.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Imaging of small cell carcinoma using 131I-labelled antibodies to vasopressin associated human neurophysin (VP-HNP)

Preliminary studies are reported on the use of 131I-labelled antibodies against vasopressin associated human neurophysin to image tumors in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL). The rabbit polyclonal antibodies used in these studies were affinity purified on columns of neurophysin-Sepharose. Patients were pre-screened for the presence of neurophysin producing tumors by plasma RIA. Six patients who screened positive received approximately 1 mCi/70 kg body weight of radioiodinated antibody preparation, and scintigraphy was subsequently performed at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h using a subtraction technique based on simultaneous imaging with radiopharmaceutical agents labelled with technetium-99m. Tumor was clearly demonstrated at 72 h in all five patients who had measurable lesions at the time of study, while no positive image was noted for one patient in complete clinical remission. Since approximately 70% of all SCCL patients have neurophysin-producing tumors, our findings suggest that neurophysin antibodies may be effectively used to scan tumors in a majority of patients with SCCL.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Predicting discharge status at commencement of stroke rehabilitation.

We discuss the functional ability of all 258 surviving patients with first stroke referred for inpatient comprehensive rehabilitation in Brisbane, Australia, during 1984 and derive an equation to predict the discharge Barthel Index score from characteristics assessed at admission to comprehensive rehabilitation. A boundary condition limiting improvement for patients with high admission Barthel Index scores and the lesser improvement observed for low-scoring patients indicate that the relation between initial and discharge Barthel Index scores is nonlinear. A quadratic equation including initial Barthel Index score and six other independent variables selected by stepwise regression analysis explained 61% of the variance in discharge Barthel Index scores.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

High-dose cytarabine and daunorubicin as consolidation therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in first remission: long-term follow-up and results.

In an effort to increase the proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remaining in continued complete remission (CCR), we administered intensive postremission consolidation therapy with high-dose cytarabine (Ara-C) and daunorubicin. Eighty-seven patients, with a median age of 38 years (range, 7 to 71), received consolidation therapy after first complete remission was obtained with standard induction chemotherapy that included conventional doses of Ara-C. Consolidation therapy consisted of from one to three cycles of high-dose Ara-C (3 g/m2 intravenously [IV] over 1 hour every 12 hours for 12 doses) followed by daunorubicin (30 mg/m2/d IV bolus for 3 days). After completion of the high-dose Ara-C and daunorubicin, no further therapy was administered. Myelosuppression encountered with consolidation resulted in a median duration of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia of 3 weeks. Four patients (5%) died during consolidation due to infection and/or hemorrhage; 59% of patients experienced severe but nonfatal infectious or extramedullary organ toxicity. With a median follow-up of more than 3.5 years from diagnosis, the proportion of patients, by Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimate, remaining in CCR is 49% (95% confidence limits, 37% to 61%). In a Cox multivariate analysis, only age significantly (P less than .001) influenced the probability of remaining in CCR. The probability of remaining in CCR was 83%, 50%, and 23% for age groups of 25 or less, 26 to 45, and more than 45 years, respectively. These survival curves all have stable long-term plateaus, suggesting cure. In this study, the administration of brief, intensive nonmarrow ablative chemotherapy resulted in a large proportion of patients with AML remaining in CCR, results similar to those reported with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Relapse of acute leukemia was still the major reason for therapy failure, suggesting that more effective or additional postremission therapy will be required to further improve the likelihood of cure especially for older patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Do different doses of intravenous streptokinase alter the frequency of coronary reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction?

This study assessed the relative efficacy of 3 doses of intravenous streptokinase in causing hypofibrinogenemia and coronary reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Accordingly, 56 patients (50 men and 6 women, ages 58 +/- 10 years [mean +/- standard deviation]) with evolving acute myocardial infarction and chest pain less than or equal to 5 hours in duration were assigned to receive varying doses of streptokinase. Twenty were administered 500,000 units during 145 minutes, 18 were given 750,000 units during 30 minutes and 18 received 1.5 million units in 60 minutes of streptokinase. Serum creatine kinase was measured on admission and 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after the initiation of streptokinase. The time intervals from onset of pain to peak creatine kinase and from streptokinase administration to peak creatine kinase were used to determine the occurrence of reperfusion. The plasma fibrinogen concentration was measured 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the initiation of streptokinase. For the 3 groups, the time from onset of pain to peak creatine kinase was less than 17 hours and the time from streptokinase to peak creatine kinase was 6 or 12 hours in 15 (75%), 16 (89%) and 12 patients (67%), respectively (differences not significant). The plasma fibrinogen concentration decreased to 45 +/- 34 mg/dl, 19 +/- 14 mg/dl and 29 +/- 43 mg/dl, respectively, during the 2 hours after streptokinase was begun (p less than 0.05 for the first versus the second and third values).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Isolation, purification and characterization of an iron-binding protein from the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus).

The presence of an iron-binding protein in the haemolymph of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, was detected by gel filtration of 59Fe-labelled haemolymph. Lysis of amoebocytes did not change the amount of iron-binding protein in haemolymph samples. The protein was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography. The molecular mass of the purified protein was estimated to be 282,000 +/- 10,000 Da by gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation. SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the protein is composed of ten subunits having a molecular mass of 28,000 +/- 2,000 Da. The purified, unlabelled protein efficiently sequestered 59Fe in the absence of haemolymph indicating that no other haemolymph factors are required for the incorporation of iron into the protein. No 59Fe was removed from the purified protein with EDTA or 2,2'-bipyridyl. Partial removal of 59Fe was achieved by dialysis with nitrilotriacetic acid or desferal. Analysis of the iron-loaded protein indicated that each subunit has the capacity to bind two iron atoms with high affinity. The isolation of an iron-binding protein from L. polyphemus supports the proposal that such proteins are an ancient evolutionary development not necessarily linked to the appearance of iron proteins which serve as oxygen carriers.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Native-valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. A histologically confirmed case.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is among the most common organisms isolated from blood cultures. Conversely, it is rarely a well-documented cause of natural-valve endocarditis. However, several authors have reported series of patients with the clinical picture of endocarditis and S. epidermidis bacteremia. Most of these cases have not been confirmed by examination of the valve. The authors present a case of natural-valve endocarditis caused by S. epidermidis with pathologic documentation of the offending agent.

Endocarditis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

Psychiatric disorders among elderly patients admitted to hospital medical wards.

A psychiatric investigation was carried out on patients aged 65-80 years who were admitted to the medical wards of six general hospitals in an industrial urban area of West Germany. In all, 626 patients were screened for cognitive and affective disorder using a short standardized interview, and at the second stage all those with abnormal responses, as well as a subsample of the apparently normal patients, were examined in greater detail. After correction for inaccuracies of screening, the frequency of psychiatric illness in this patient population was estimated as 30.2%, made up of 9.1% with organic brain syndromes and 21.1% with functional mental disorders. Comparison with field-study data for the same background population showed that the hospital patients were at increased risk for mental disturbance. At follow up after one year, outcome in terms of mortality, admission to long-term care and dependency on others was worst for patients with organic mental disorder, even after matching for age and initial severity of physical impairment. Functional mental illness was also associated with a relatively poor outcome in terms of dependency. The mental status of elderly medical patients appears to be important for the prognosis.

Aged↗