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Biomedical subjects

B Corrin

Publications and source records attributed to B Corrin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Fatal haemorrhage from mesenchymal cystic hamartoma of the lung.

A 34 year old women was admitted to the hospital with a 9 year history of intermittent haemoptysis associated with increasing breathlessness. A working diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis was made, based on clinical, radiological and histological findings. Three years later, the patient was admitted to hospital with worsening haemoptysis, which rapidly progressed and resulted in death from massive pulmonary haemorrhage. Postmortem examination and histology revealed findings consistent with multiple mesenchymal cystic hamartomas of the lungs. This is a rare condition which has previously been described as having a good prognosis. This case is the first fatality resulting directly from the disease to be reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

In vivo corrosion of cobalt-chromium and titanium wear particles.

Tissue reaction to wear particles from metal implants may play a major role in the aseptic loosening of implants. We used electron microprobe elemental analysis to determine the chemical composition of wear particles embedded in the soft tissues around hip and knee implants from 11 patients at revision surgery for aseptic loosening. The implants were made of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy or titanium-aluminium-vanadium alloy. Histological examination showed a widespread giant-cell reaction to the particles. Elemental analysis showed that the chemical composition of the particles was different from that of the implanted alloys: cobalt and titanium were reduced, often down to zero, whereas chromium and aluminium persisted. Our findings indicate that corrosion is continually changing the shape, size and chemical composition of the implanted alloy. This may alter the biochemical environment of the tissue surrounding an implant to favour bone resorption.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1994

Atypical carcinoid tumour of the thymus: a study of eight cases.

Atypical carcinoids of the thymus are rare neoplasms of uncertain prognosis. We have studied eight cases (six male, two female; age range 48-60 years, mean 55 years), none with evidence of a paraneoplastic neuroendocrine syndrome. Tumour size was large and ranged from 7.5 to 10 cm. Microscopically, all had a nesting/insular or trabecular pattern, eosinophilic cytoplasm, round nuclei with fine chromatin and small nucleoli. No small cell features were evident. Mitotic activity ranged from 2 to 21 per 1.52 mm2. Focal necrosis was seen in all cases. All were positive for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2) and the neuroendocrine markers NSE, synaptophysin and chromogranin; five cases were positive for calcitonin. On electronmicroscopy all contained dense core granules, often numerous. Three cases were stage I and five stage III (infiltrating lung or chest wall). Follow-up information was available in four cases (one stage I and three stage III): the stage I tumour had local recurrence and metastasis to the lung within a year whilst the three patients with stage III tumours died of liver, bone and brain metastases within 3 years.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the lungs of patients with systemic sclerosis, cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and other lung disorders.

To study the role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis we have examined lung biopsies from nine patients with systemic sclerosis and interstitial lung disease, eight with 'lone' cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, two with cystic fibrosis, two with extrinsic allergic alveolitis, two with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, one with lymphangioleiomyomatosis, one with giant cell interstitial pneumonia, and one adenocarcinoma of the lung. In cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, both 'lone' and associated with systemic sclerosis alveolar macrophages, bronchial epithelium and hyperplastic type II pneumonocytes expressed intracellular TGF-beta 1. Extracellular TGF-beta 1 was found in the fibrous tissue immediately beneath the bronchial and hyperplastic alveolar epithelium. In normal lung, however, the alveolar epithelium and alveolar interstitium were negative for both forms of TGF-beta 1. There was strong expression of TGF-beta 1 in hyperplastic mesothelium and its underlying connective tissue and in Langerhans' cells in the two cases of histiocytosis. In the organizing pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, the intraalveolar buds of granulation tissue reacted strongly for the extracellular form of TGF-beta 1 and the overlying hyperplastic epithelium expressed the intracellular form. In lymphangioleiomyomatosis, the aberrant smooth muscle cells strongly expressed intracellular TGF-beta 1 and the extracellular form was expressed in the adjacent connective tissue. In giant cell interstitial pneumonia, the numerous alveolar macrophage including the multinucleate forms, expressed intracellular TGF-beta 1, as did the hyperplastic alveolar epithelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis in postmenopausal women: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, a disease largely confined to women in their reproductive years, is reported in two postmenopausal patients. Nine similar cases in the literature are reviewed. In older women, the disease appears to be similar to that described in younger women, with the possible exception that the clinical course may be longer and more benign after the menopause. It would appear that hormonal factors play a role in the development of the disease both before and after the menopause, and that hormonal treatment may be beneficial in the older women.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Expression of endothelin-1 in lungs of patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.

The vasoconstrictor and mitogenic peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) is believed to play a part in fibrosis and collagen production. We examined expression of ET-1 in lung tissue from 52 patients with interstitial lung fibrosis, of whom 45 had cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA), 10 had CFA and concomitant pulmonary hypertension, and 7 had non-specific focal fibrosis. 17 normal unused donor lungs were studied as controls. Immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridisation were done with polyclonal antisera to ET-1 and its precursor big ET-1, and complementary RNA probes for preproET-1. Normal lung tissue and that from patients with focal fibrosis expressed very little ET-1. By contrast, there was striking expression of ET-1 in lung tissue from patients with CFA. Immunostains for ET-1 and big ET-1 and expression of ET-1 mRNA were most prominent in airway epithelium and type II pneumocytes, particularly those lining areas of young granulation tissue. ET-1-like immunoreactivity and mRNA were also present in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, particularly in specimens from patients with pulmonary hypertension. In all patients, there was a significant correlation between ET-1-like immunoreactivity and histological parameters of disease activity (r = 0.78, 95% CI 0.65-0.87, p < 0.001). These findings suggest a possible role for cell-specific expression of ET-1 in the pathogenesis of CFA and associated pulmonary hypertension.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1993

Expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.

We have studied 15 cases of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis stained with a monoclonal antibody reactive with human tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), a cytokine that has been implicated in inflammation and fibrosis. Seven were examples of lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and eight were examples of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in patients with systemic sclerosis. There was widespread staining of epithelial cells, particularly hyperplastic type II pneumocytes. Macrophages stained only weakly. In a control group of 10 patients dying of unrelated conditions, staining for TNF alpha was weak and, in the alveolar epithelium, was confined to a very occasional type II pneumocyte. The strong expression of TNF alpha in hyperplastic type II pneumocytes suggests that TNF alpha produced during alveolar epithelial regeneration may play a part in the fibrosis seen in this disease.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

Immunocytochemical characterization of neuroendocrine tumours of the larynx.

Twenty-two neuroendocrine tumours of the larynx were investigated using a panel of immunocytochemical markers. Three were small cell carcinomas, eight were large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and 11 were paragangliomas. Twenty were positive for protein gene product 9.5, 19 for neuron-specific enolase, 15 for chromogranin A, nine for bombesin, eight for substance P, eight for neuropeptide Y, eight for metenkephalin, seven for somatostatin, five for calcitonin, eight for calcitonin gene-related peptide and one for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Bombesin immunoreactivity was largely restricted to the small cell carcinomas and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and neuropeptide Y, metenkephalin and substance P to the paragangliomas. This comprehensive immunocytochemical analysis of neuroendocrine tumours of the larynx demonstrates that these tumours represent special entities but have similar patterns of immunostaining to those of neuroendocrine tumours in other sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

How reliable is the diagnosis of lung cancer using small biopsy specimens? Report of a UKCCCR Lung Cancer Working Party.

BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to investigate the accuracy of typing of a series of bronchial carcinomas by experienced pathologists with an interest in lung cancer from the examination of bronchoscopic biopsy specimens. METHODS: Eighty bronchial biopsy specimens showing positive results for bronchial carcinoma were circulated to five pathologists, who recorded diagnostic criteria and diagnosis for each. Diagnoses were then compared with the diagnosis agreed from the resection specimen corresponding to each biopsy specimen. A "non-small cell carcinoma, not further specified" classification group was introduced for small biopsy specimens. RESULTS: A diagnostic accuracy of 75% was achieved for squamous cell carcinomas, 66% for small cell carcinomas, and 50% for adenocarcinomas. There was diagnostic confusion between small cell and non-small cell carcinoma in less than 10% of cases. The introduction of a non-specific non-small cell classification improved diagnostic accuracy by 10-15% for each non-small cell tumour group. CONCLUSIONS: There are appreciable inaccuracies in applying the World Health Organisation's 1981 classification of lung cancer to the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma from small biopsy specimens and these inaccuracies have been measured. They can be diminished by introducing a less specific "non-small cell" category for use with this sort of biopsy material. Care should be taken not to overinterpret small biopsy specimens in lung cancer.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

Identification of serous-like cells in the surface epithelium of human bronchioles.

The conductive airways of the mammalian lung are lined by several morphologically distinct cell types, both ciliated and non-ciliated. Of the non-ciliated secretory cells, mucous (goblet), Clara and neuroendocrine cells have been identified in adult human bronchiolar epithelium but, thus far, the serous cell has not. We have examined human membranous and respiratory bronchioles from macroscopically normal peripheral lung (n = 5 cases). For ultrastructural studies, a minimum of five nucleated, non-ciliated cell profiles, containing electron-dense secretory granules, were selected at random from both bronchiolar levels in each case, such that a total of 60 cells was examined. Data from the computer-aided image analysis of the cells indicated that two populations existed, differing in both granule area and granule number per cell p < 0.0005 by discriminant analysis. By visual inspection, the cells fell neatly into two groups: those which, were predominantly serous-like in type, and those which were "Clara". In the membranous bronchioles, serous-like cells had a mean(SEM) granule area per cell of 3.67(0.62) microns 2 and Clara cells 0.47(0.07) microns 2 (p < 0.001). Also, in the membranous bronchiole, the mean(SEM) number of granules in serous-like cells was 40(4.7) and in Clara cells 10(1.1) (p < 0.001). At the respiratory bronchiolar level, the corresponding means were similar to those of the membranous bronchioles and, likewise, serous and Clara cells were significantly different. Thus, our data, indicate that serous cells are present in the adult human bronchiole.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Apposition of fibroblasts to mast cells and lymphocytes in normal human lung and in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Ultrastructure and cell perimeter measurements.

The perimeters of mast cells and lymphocytes in human lungs were measured in electron micrographs by digitizer to determine the percentage of perimeter apposed to fibroblast (PPAF). Fibroblasts were apposed to the majority of mast cells. The median PPAF for mast cells in normal lung was 50.3 per cent, and in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA), 35.7 per cent. Although the value in CFA was lower, the difference was not statistically significant (median difference 11.8; 95 per cent confidence interval (-19.6, 25.1); P = 0.65). The PPAF range overall was 3.8-94.1 per cent. There was similar apposition of fibroblasts to lymphocytes, and no statistical differences were found when median PPAF results for mast cells and lymphocytes were compared for normal and CFA lung. The high degree of percentage apposition, accurately quantified in this study, shows that fibroblasts, mast cells, and lymphocytes are ideally arranged structurally in normal alveolar walls, to facilitate the many physiological interactions which are currently being uncovered. The present study also shows that apposition persists in pathological states, e.g., CFA lung, but because all these cells are increased in number in CFA lung, apposition is easier to identify here than in normal lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

High resolution computed tomography as a predictor of lung histology in systemic sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The relative proportions of fibrosis and inflammation seen by open lung biopsy examination is a predictor of disease outcome in fibrosing alveolitis. This study was designed to assess the ability of high resolution computed tomography to predict the histological appearance of open lung biopsy specimens from patients with systemic sclerosis. METHODS: Twenty abnormal biopsy specimens from 12 patients were assessed; abnormalities were categorised as fibrotic (fibrosis exceeding inflammation) or inflammatory (inflammation equal to or exceeding fibrosis). Computed tomography appearances were scored for the lobe from which the biopsy specimen was taken; scans were graded from parenchymal opacification alone through to a reticular pattern alone. RESULTS: Two lobar appearances were identified on computed tomograms: amorphous parenchymal opacification equal in extent to reticulation (grade 3) and a predominantly reticular pattern (grade 4). There was a significant association between a fibrotic histological appearance and a grade 4 computed tomogram, and between an inflammatory histological appearance and a grade 3 computed tomogram. Computed tomography grade 4 was associated with a fibrotic histological appearance in 12 out of 13 lobes, and grade 3 with an inflammatory histological appearance in four out of seven lobes. CONCLUSION: Computed tomography discriminated between biopsy specimens that were predominantly fibrotic and a smaller group with a larger amount of inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prenatal pericardiocentesis: its role in the management of intrapericardial teratoma.

A fetus with intrapericardial teratoma had a large pericardial effusion diagnosed by echocardiography. Cardiac tamponade, a common cause of fetal death, was averted by intrauterine pericardiocentesis. Planned obstetric and neonatal management permitted surgical treatment before cardiorespiratory distress developed. The tumor was completely excised and the infant is asymptomatic.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Localization of beta 2-adrenoceptor messenger RNA in human and rat lung using in situ hybridization: correlation with receptor autoradiography.

We have used in situ hybridization to study the localization of mRNA encoding the beta 2-adrenoceptor in tissue sections of the human and rat lung and compared this with the distribution of beta 2-receptor binding sites using receptor autoradiography. To localize beta 2-receptor mRNA, a [32P]labeled antisense RNA probe (riboprobe) was generated from human or rat beta 2-receptor cDNA. A similar distribution of beta 2-receptor mRNA was identified in both species. The highest intensity of beta 2-receptor mRNA was detected in smooth muscle of small airways, airway epithelium and pulmonary blood vessels. Lower intensity of beta 2-receptor mRNA was identified in smooth muscle of large airways, and alveolar epithelium (presumably type I and type II pneumocytes). No significant hybridization signal was detected in interstitial tissue. The specificity of the hybridization signal was confirmed with a sense probe (having identical sequence to the mRNA) and preincubation with RNase A, and by Northern blot analysis which revealed a single band of mRNA of 2.2 kb. There was a correspondence between mRNA localization and the distribution of beta 2-receptors visualized by [125I]iodocyanopindolol autoradiographically in the presence of CGP 20712 (a beta 1-selective antagonist). However, alveolar walls that showed a high beta 2-receptor density had relatively low levels of mRNA. This cellular heterogeneity may reflect differences in RNA stability or transcription rate in different lung cells. This approach opens up new options in the investigation of the regulation of pulmonary beta 2-receptor gene expression in health and disease.

Animals↗