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Biomedical subjects

B Corrin

Publications and source records attributed to B Corrin.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Interstitial lung disease and asthma in hard-metal workers: bronchoalveolar lavage, ultrastructural, and analytical findings and results of bronchial provocation tests.

Five patients with respiratory disorders associated with hard metal exposure are described. In four patients electron microprobe analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage cells or lung tissue was used to show tungsten and other hard-metal components. Three patients had interstitial pneumonia and fibrosis with unusual multinucleate giant cells. Electron microscopy showed that the giant cells comprised both type II alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages. The multinucleate macrophages formed a distinctive feature of the bronchoalveolar lavage material but the multinucleate alveolar epithelial lining cells were evident only in lung tissue. The other two patients both suffered from work-related asthma, one of whom also had pulmonary opacities. Bronchial provocation tests in these patients supported the diagnosis of hard-metal-induced asthma and implicated cobalt as the agent responsible.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural changes in bronchoalveolar lavage cells in sarcoidosis and comparison with the tissue granuloma.

The authors undertook this study to determine whether there were any morphologic changes in bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes and macrophages in sarcoidosis and, in particular, to determine whether changes described previously in the mononuclear phagocytes of sarcoid granulomas were also evident in such cells obtained by lavage. Lavage cells from 28 sarcoidosis patients were studied by transmission electron microscopy and compared with lavage cells from 17 control subjects and with lung tissue granulomas from 5 sarcoidosis patients. Interactions between mononuclear phagocytes, especially subplasmalemmal linear densities, and between these cells and lymphocytes were observed in both the tissue granulomas and lavage specimens from sarcoidosis patients. Subplasmalemmal linear densities were never observed in control lavage specimens. Fully developed epitheloid cells were not identified in lavage specimens, but differences were nevertheless found between the lavage cells from sarcoidosis patients and control subjects: in particular, alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis were larger and showed better developed pseudopodia, more marked polarity, less nuclear heterochromatin, and lysosomes that were larger and more numerous but less electron-dense than normal. Lymphocytes were also enlarged and contained more lysosomes. It is concluded that although there are only a few similarities between the cells of the granuloma and those obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage in sarcoidosis, there are noticeable differences between the lavage cells of sarcoidosis patients and control subjects. In sarcoidosis, a variable proportion (10-70%) of the lavage cells show morphologic features of "activation."

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Propranolol uptake by dog lung: effect of pulmonary artery occlusion and shock lung.

First-pass lung uptake of propranolol in catheterized ambulant dogs was measured by comparison the difference between the ratios of [14C]propranolol to indocyanine green (ICG) before and after a single passage through the pulmonary circulation. Uptake was 56 +/- 5, 53 +/- 8, and 61 +/- 10% (mean +/- SD) when 0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 mg of propranolol were injected, respectively. There was a negative though unimportant correlation between percent uptake and cardiac output. Analysis of paired propranolol and ICG outflow curves confirmed the lack of saturation with increasing dose and suggested the involvement of simple diffusion. In four dogs uptake fell from 4.76 +/- 6.8 to 40.4 +/- 8.2% (0.05 greater than P greater than 0.025) during partial occlusion of the pulmonary circulation by a Swan-Ganz catheter balloon and rose again to 51.2 +/- 6.4% after relief of the occlusion. Propranolol uptake, measured serially in five dogs with indwelling catheters, was initially 55% but fell linearly to 30% over 2 wk (r = -0.59, P less than 0.001), and necropsy showed pathological features of shock lung. A similar study performed on three dogs within 4 days of catheterization showed no change in uptake of the drug. Propranolol uptake appears to reflect both quantitative and qualitative changes in the pulmonary endothelium. This method may therefore be valuable in studying the pulmonary endothelium in health and disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Biochemical and histological changes in pulmonary fibrosis induced in rabbits with intratracheal bleomycin.

Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in rabbits by an intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Histologically, at 2 weeks there was inflammation but only limited evidence of increased collagen deposition; at 8 weeks the inflammatory response had subsided and increased collagen deposition, characteristic of early interstitial fibrosis, was observed. Biochemical analyses showed bleomycin treatment caused marked increases in the total amounts of RNA, DNA, mixed protein, collagen and elastin when compared to controls (P less than 0.001 in all cases). Furthermore the increases were essentially complete by 2 weeks where the contents had increased by 110 +/- 13%, 60 +/- 11%, 148 +/- 12%, 94 +/- 15% and 89 +/- 11% respectively (P less than 0.001 in all cases). When collagen and elastin were expressed as concentrations with respect to wet weight, total protein or DNA content, the changes were not statistically significant. No changes were observed in the relative amounts of type I and type III collagen. It is concluded that: (1) compared to biochemical analysis, histology is relatively insensitive in detecting the early increases in connective tissue proteins; (2) measurements of lung collagen and elastin should be expressed as total lung contents wherever possible; the concentration of these proteins may remain unchanged, especially in the early stages of fibrosis, due to concomitant increases in other lung constituents; (3) changes in the relative amounts to types I and III collagens do not play a major role in the pathology of this form of pulmonary fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Immotile cilia syndrome: a new cause of neonatal respiratory distress.

Kartagener's syndrome is a condition that consists of situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and sinusitis. Some patients have respiratory symptoms that date from early infancy, and electron microscopical examination has shown that adults with this condition lack dynein arms in ciliary microtubules. It has been suggested that an inherited defect in ciliary ultrastructure, the immotile cilia, is the basis for the syndrome. We report 6 patients who presented within the first 24 hours of life with tachypnoea, retraction, rales, and dextrocardia. Five of them had situs inversus. They all responded to physiotherapy after antibiotics had failed to improve their condition. Electron microscopical examination of the cilia in 2 of the infants confirmed deficiency of dynein arms. All 6 infants had recurrent respiratory infections. Four went on to develop recurrent otitis media, 2 had sinusitis, and 1 now has bronchiectasis. The immotile cilia syndrome should be added to the list of causes of respiratory distress in newborn infants. The condition is worth diagnosing because of the good response to physiotherapy, and because of the likelihood of recurrent respiratory problems.

Cilia↗
PubMed1981

Ultrastructural localisation of lactoferrin and glycoprotein in human bronchial glands.

The distribution of lactoferrin and glycoprotein in human bronchial glands has been studied by electron microscopy using an immunoperoxidase method to stain the former and a periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine sequence for the latter, each applied to ultrathin Epon sections. The distribution of lactoferrin corresponds to that of lysozyme. Lactoferrin and lysozyme are both confined to serous acini where the granules show a variable pattern of staining. Some serous granules are filled uniformly with lactoferrin, some lack lactoferrin in a small central core or a thin peripheral rim, and some are completely devoid of lactoferrin. Glycoprotein is present in all mucous granules but only certain serous granules. The latter may be filled uniformly with glycoprotein or glycoprotein may form a thin peripheral coat about centrally located lactoferrin and lysozyme. An electron-dense central core found in some serous granules contains neither glycoprotein, lactoferrin, nor lysozyme.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1981

Recurrent chest infections, ciliary abnormalities and partial complement deficiency in a Jordanian family.

Four girls born to second cousin parents developed chronic chest infection and bronchiectasis in infancy. Three were studied in detail: they all had the same HLA haplotype, all showed random orientation of cilia or compound cilia in the respiratory tract, and all had low levels of the C1 and C2 components of the complement system. Although the cause of the respiratory disease in this family remains unclear, it is suggested that the low C1 levels may have contributed to the disease in two of the children while the low C2 levels were artefacts and the ciliary abnormalities were secondary to chronic chest infection.

Bronchiectasis↗
PubMed1980

Oat cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

A case of oat cell carcinoma of the esophagus is reported. The tumor cells were argyrophilic and electron microscopic examination showed that they contained dense-core granules typical of oat cell carcinoma of the lung and other sites. It is concluded that primary oat cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a recognizable entity derived from argyrophil cells in the esophageal mucosa. The existence of rare esophageal carcinomas with both oat cell and squamoid features is noted and their possible histogenesis is discussed.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1979

Anaerobic axillary abscess.

Fifty-two patients with axillary abscesses were seen during two years. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 34, anaerobic bacteria from 12, and skin flora from five; in one case the pus was sterile. Seven patients with hidradenitis suppurativa had recurrent infection with abscess formation, which was bilateral in three. Anaerobes were isolated in five of these cases and skin flora alone in two. Anaerobes are secondary invaders in this condition, and histological examination shows that the primary abnormality is obstruction of pilosebaceous follicles and apocrine glands, associated with keratin plugging of the follicles. Chemotherapy offers little hope of cure, although metronidazole removes the offensive smell of the discharge. Radical surgery is usually indicated.

Abscess↗
PubMed1979

Anaerobic subareolar breast abscess.

15 non-puerperal women with breast abscess were seen during one year. In 8, anaerobes were cultured from pus obtained from the abscess, in 6, Staphylococcus aureus was grown, and in 1 the pus was sterile on culture. All 7 breast abscesses in puerperal women seen during the same period were staphylococcal. The anaerobic abscesses were all subareolar; they were recurrent in 4 patients and were associated with retracted nipples in 7. The anaerobes isolated were those found as normal commensals in the oropharynx and vagina but did not include the colonic commensal Bacteroides fragilis. Squamous metaplasia with keratin plugging of the breast ducts was identified histologically in the 2 non-puerperal patients in whom duct excision was performed. Surgical treatment of the underlying duct abnormality is important in the management of recurrent non-puerperal subareolar breast abscess.

Abscess↗
PubMed1979

Histogenesis of the so-called "intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumour".

Three cases of Dial and Liebow's intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumour are described, with emphasis on ultrastructure and histogenesis. The tumour cells are quite different from adjacent reactive alveolar cells and electron microscopy does not support the suggested alveolar cell origin. The tumour cells contain abundant microfilaments, moderate amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and varying numbers of Weibel-Palade bodies. With features of smooth muscle, myofibroblast and endothelial cell differentiation, a vascular origin from precursor mesenchymal cells such as the vasoformative reserve cells is suggested.

Adult↗