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B Crump

Publications and source records attributed to B Crump.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

South Asian ethnicity and risk of childhood accidents: an ecological study at enumeration district level in Leicester.

BACKGROUND: Surveys of 'self-reported' accidents suggest that South Asian children in the United Kingdom may have lower rates of childhood accidents, but little is known about their susceptibility to severe accidents compared with white children. METHODS: We conducted an ecological study at the level of Census enumeration districts to compare hospital utilization as a result of childhood accidents according to White, South Asian, Black or 'Other' ethnic grouping and Townsend deprivation score in Leicester. Enumeration districts were assigned to postcoded data for fracture clinic attendances between 1997 and 1999 and in-patient admissions and in-patient stays of longer than 3 days as a result of accidents between 1995 and 1999 in children under 16 years. RESULTS: South Asian children were less likely than white children to attend fracture clinic, be admitted or to have a prolonged stay as a result of an accident. Having adjusted for deprivation score, for a 10 per cent increase in the proportion of South Asian residents in an enumeration district, the odds ratio for an in-patient stay of longer than 3 days was 0.95 (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.00, p = 0.035), for an accident admission the odds ratio was 0.93 (95 per cent CI 0.92-0.94, p < 0.001) and for attendance at fracture clinic the odds ratio was 0.94 (95 per cent CI 0.92-0.96, p < 0.001). For a district with 70 per cent of its children from South Asian groups (as observed in one-fifth of Leicester's enumeration districts), this represents a 40 per cent lower rate of accident admissions. CONCLUSIONS: South Asian children were significantly less likely to utilize hospital services as a result of an accident. This may well be explained by differential exposure to accident hazards across ethnic groups, rather than by different thresholds of hospital attendance, given that hospital utilization was also lower for serious accidents in South Asian children.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

The DGM's dilemma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Antigen-presenting function of B lymphocytes.

Here we review our current results studying B cells as APC and the mechanisms by which processed antigen is transported to and held on the cell surface for recognition by the specific T cell along with the MHC class II molecules. These studies were carried out using the globular protein cytochrome c as antigen for which the T-cell antigenic determinant was localized to a C-terminal 10-amino acid peptide fragment. For certain analyses, native cytochrome c or antigenic peptide fragments were covalently coupled to antibodies directed toward B-cell surface structures, allowing the targeting of antigen to the APC surface. Our findings indicate that all B cells function as APC and that the APC function is not differentially regulated in defined B-cell subpopulations. Using cytochrome c-antibody conjugates, it was shown that the surface Ig plays two significant roles in augmenting the B-cell APC function following antigen binding: signalling for enhanced APC function and concentrating antigen for subsequent internalization and processing. Both IgM and IgD appear to function identically in facilitating antigen processing in both immune and nonimmune B-cell populations. Furthermore, the surface Ig does not appear to be specially differentiated to function in concentrating antigen, as antigen artificially bound to other B-cell surface structures including MHC class I and class II molecules is also effectively presented. Lastly, evidence is presented that a previously described B-cell activating factor activity is strongly associated with the membranes of activated but not unactivated helper T cells, providing a mechanism by which the T-cell helper function can be focused on the specific antigen-presenting B cell. Concerning the mechanism by which processed antigen is presented at the B-cell surface, evidence is presented suggesting a role of peptide-binding chaperone proteins which may function to transport peptide to the APC surface and facilitate its association with the appropriate Ia. One candidate protein, PBP72/74, is described which binds peptides but not native antigens, is a member of the hsp70 family and appears to play a role in antigen presentation by the ability of antisera raised against it to block APC functions. Peptide-antibody conjugates were used to explore the spacial restrictions on MHC-restricted peptide presentation and it was shown that peptides covalently coupled to antibodies specific for Ig, class I or class II molecules are effective antigens in vitro even in the absence of processing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Campylobacter pyloridis and associated gastritis: investigator blind, placebo controlled trial of bismuth salicylate and erythromycin ethylsuccinate.

An investigator blind trial was performed comparing bismuth salicylate, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, and placebo in the treatment of Campylobacter pyloridis associated gastritis in patients without peptic ulceration. Fifty patients fulfilled the study criteria. There was a strong correlation between the presence of C pyloridis and histologically confirmed gastritis. Clearance of organisms led to improvement of the gastritis. C pyloridis was cleared from 15 patients; of these, 13 had gastritis initially, which resolved in 12. Conversely, gastritis resolved in only four of 32 patients not cleared of organisms (p less than 0.0001). There was significantly greater improvement in endoscopic appearances in the patients cleared of C pyloridis compared with those whose infection persisted (p less than 0.001). In the three treatment groups organisms were cleared from 14 of 18 patients receiving the locally active bismuth salicylate, only one of 15 patients receiving erythromycin ethylsuccinate, and none of 17 patients taking placebo. These findings suggest that the ideal antimicrobial for the successful eradication of C pyloridis associated gastritis should be locally active, stable at low pH, and should penetrate gastric mucus. The resolution of gastritis and improvement in endoscopic appearances associated with clearance of C pyloridis support the view that these organisms may play a part in this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of norfloxacin.

The pharmacokinetics and cantharides-induced blister fluid levels of norfloxacin were studied after a single 400 mg oral dose. The mean maximum serum level was 1.45 mg/l and occurred 1.5 h after administration. The serum half-life of norfloxacin was found to be 3.5 h. After 24 h 27% of the administered dose was recovered in the urine as microbiologically active compound. High urine levels were found. Rapid blister fluid penetration occurred, the maximum level (occurring between 2-3 h) was about 1 mg/l. Thereafter the blister fluid level exceeded the serum level, both declining in parallel.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of ciprofloxacin.

A 500-mg dose of the quinoline ciprofloxacin was administered orally to each of six healthy male volunteers, after which the concentrations of this agent in serum and blister fluid were measured. Absorption appeared to be rapid, with a mean peak level of 2.4 micrograms/ml attained 1.25 h after administration. The serum elimination half-life was 3.9 h. The agent penetrated blister fluid well, the percent penetration being 57%. Urinary recovery of ciprofloxacin was 30%.

Adult↗