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Biomedical subjects

B D James

Publications and source records attributed to B D James.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The ability of persons with Alzheimer disease (AD) to make a decision about taking an AD treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the severity of impairments in the decision-making abilities (understanding, appreciation, reasoning, and choice) and competency to make a decision to use an Alzheimer disease (AD)-slowing medication in patients with AD and the relationships between these impairments, insight, and overall cognition. METHODS: Semistructured in-home interviews were conducted with 48 patients with very mild to moderate AD and 102 family caregivers of patients with mild to severe AD recruited from the Memory Disorders Clinic of an AD center. The interview measured performance on the decision-making abilities and three expert psychiatrists' judgment of competency based on their independent review of the patient interviews. RESULTS: There was considerable variation in patients' performance on the measures of decision-making abilities. Three expert raters found 19 of 48 (40%) of the subjects competent. Competent patients were more likely to show awareness of their symptoms, prognosis, and diagnosis. A sensitivity analysis suggests that a MMSE score is helpful in discriminating capacity from incapacity only when below 19 or above 23. CONCLUSIONS: Persons with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (AD) have notable impairments in their ability to make an AD treatment decision, especially persons with moderate AD and persons who lack awareness of symptoms, prognosis, or diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Do persons with dementia vote?

To examine whether patients with dementia voted in the 2000 US Presidential Election, the authors surveyed 75 caregivers of patients with dementia. A substantial portion of patients with mild to moderate dementia voted on their own at a voting booth. Patients cared for by spouses were more likely to vote than patients cared for by adult children. Further research is needed to understand how persons with dementia and their caregivers decide what activities the person can and cannot continue and how well these decisions correspond to measures of competency.

Caregivers↗
PubMed2001

Isolation and detailed characterization of the trans-[(H2O)2FeCl4](-) anion: stabilization of novel iron(III) species by large organic cations.

1,2-Diaminoethane (en) and FeCl3 give (enH2) [FeCl5(H2O)] (1) in concentrated HCl, extending the aquapentachloroferrate(III) series. For 1: C2H12N2Cl5OFe, orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 14.531(6) A, b = 10.772(4) A, c = 6.888(2) A, Z = 4. Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane dihydrochloride (DABCO-2HCl) and FeCl3 in concentrated HCl form a tetrachloroferrate(III) derivative whose subsequent ethanol treatment (restricted water access) results in the formation of a compound of composition (DABCOH2)2 [FeCl4(H2O)2]Cl3 (2). This contains the trans-[FeCl4(H2O)2](-) anion, in which the trans-Fe-O distances are 2.049(4) A. For 2: C12H32N4Cl7O2Fe, orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 16.378(3) A, b = 7.3323(6) A, c = 19.431(3) A, Z = 4. A combination of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and ac susceptibility data confirm uncanted 3D antiferromagnetic ground states with T(Néel) approximately 3.4 K for (enH2)[FeCl5(H2O)] and approximately 2.0 K for [DABCOH2]2[FeCl4(H2O)2]Cl3.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Phylogenetic analysis and evolution of RNase P RNA in proteobacteria.

The secondary structures of the eubacterial RNase P RNAs are being elucidated by a phylogenetic comparative approach. Sequences of genes encoding RNase P RNA from each of the recognized subgroups (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) of the proteobacteria have now been determined. These sequences allow the refinement, to nearly the base pair level, of the phylogenetic model for RNase P RNA secondary structure. Evolutionary change among the RNase P RNAs was found to occur primarily in four discrete structural domains that are peripheral to a highly conserved core structure. The new sequences were used to examine critically the proposed similarity (C. Guerrier-Takada, N. Lumelsky, and S. Altman, Science 246:1578-1584, 1989) between a portion of RNase P RNA and the "exit site" of the 23S rRNA of Escherichia coli. Phylogenetic comparisons indicate that these sequences are not homologous and that any similarity in the structures is, at best, tenuous.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1990

Interactions of a molybdenum(VI) oxo-cation with some uronic acids: a 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance study.

The interactions of molybdate, [MoO4]2- with some uronic acids in aqueous D2O solution were studied by 1H- and 13C-NMR. Evidence is presented for a specific binding site of an Mo(VI) oxo-cation (Mo2O5(2+] with alpha-,beta-D-glucuronic acid. It is proposed that complexation involves the carboxylate oxygen (O-6b) and O-4 of the hydroxyl oxygen in a pyranose form (4C1), in the pH region 3.5-5.8.

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMed1989

Phylogenetic comparative analysis and the secondary structure of ribonuclease P RNA--a review.

The most incisive a priori approach to inferring the higher order structure of large RNAs has proven to be the use of phylogenetic comparisons. This article provides guidelines to the method, using as an illustration the elucidation of the secondary structure of the catalytic RNA subunit of ribonuclease P (RNase P). The resultant structure is compared to the possibilities that are predicted thermodynamically for the RNase P RNA sequences of nine eubacteria.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1989

Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by organotin thiocarbamates.

A series of triphenyl-, tricyclohexyl- and tribenzyltin compounds have been synthesized and examined as inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. All compounds tested inhibit oxidative phosphorylation linked to succinate oxidation by potato tuber mitochondria. All of the organotin compounds inhibit ADP-stimulated O2 uptake linked to succinate oxidation with concentrations for 50% inhibition in the range 2-50 microM. This inhibition is not due to inhibition of electron transport from succinate to O2 per se: none of the organotin compounds at 50 microM substantially inhibit the rate of succinate oxidation in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol. Representative organotin compounds at 0.5-50 microM do not act as uncouplers of succinate oxidation. It is concluded that the organotin compounds act as energy transfer inhibitors to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation in potato tuber mitochondria. A similar mode of action of representative organotin compounds was found with rat liver mitochondria. These organotin compounds inhibit a hydrophobic Ca2+-dependent plant protein kinase in the absence but not in the presence of thiols.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The secondary structure of ribonuclease P RNA, the catalytic element of a ribonucleoprotein enzyme.

Secondary structure models for the ribonuclease (RNAase) P RNAs of Bacillus subtilis and E. coli were derived by a phylogenetic comparative analysis of published sequences as well as four novel ones. The RNAase P RNA genes from Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens were cloned, sequenced, and compared with the other available sequences. Regions of pairing were identified by the occurrence of homologous complementary sequences that vary among the compared molecules. A common core of primary and secondary structure can be identified in all these RNAase P RNAs. The previously noted striking differences between the Bacillus and the enteric RNAase P RNAs arise not only from point mutations, but from the addition or deletion of structural domains. The primary and secondary structural features that are common to all of the RNAase P RNAs are likely to be the elements involved in the binding and cleavage of tRNA precursors, and in the interaction with the RNAase P protein.

Bacillus↗