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Biomedical subjects

B D Richardson

Publications and source records attributed to B D Richardson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Dental caries and dental treatment in the primary dentition in an industrialized South African community.

This paper reports an examination of dental caries in the primary dentition of 2-5-yr-old white children in an industrialized South African city, in 1981 and 1983. There was a decrease in dental caries prevalence over the 2-yr period accompanied by an increase in dental treatment in 3-5-yr-olds. Treatment, however, remains low. Socioeconomic status had a varying effect on the trends, but in general there was a greater reduction in dental caries in the lower socioeconomic areas.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Infant growth in a rural Tswana community.

The growth of 205 rural Black infants was monitored from 6 to 27 months of age. Although the babies were short at birth, their mean birth weight was comparable to National Center for Health Statistics ( NCHS ) standards. However, their weight, maintained during the first 7 months, thereafter faltered . Stature remained below the 50th percentile and mean head circumference followed the standard curve. Growth faltering was found in this indigent population. The prevalence of stunting fell rapidly during the first 7 months, but rose again. Few babies showed wasting during the 1st year, but the proportion rose during the 2nd year. More babies were below the standard weight for age during the 2nd year than during the 1st year. Mothers, although short by Western standards, had adequate energy intakes. Most gave birth to babies short in stature but of 'normal' weight and head circumference. A few mothers were malnourished but a far greater proportion were obese. A greater number of mothers who showed wasting gave birth to normal-weight than underweight babies.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1984

Trends in sugar intake: do these parallel changes in caries prevalence among S. African preschoolchildren?

Mean sugar intake in South Africa has fallen in Black rural groups and remained more or less constant for their urban counterparts; for Indian groups it has risen, but fallen in White groups. The amounts of sugar in mean snack/sweet intakes have not shown the same degree of fall and have remained relatively constant in all but Indian groups where there has been a definite fall in consumption. Caries prevalences (percentages of children with caries) have risen in all but White groups. It can be concluded that quantitative changes in sugar consumption and caries prevalences do not parallel each other.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Dental caries and sucrose intake in five South African preschool groups.

Dental caries, debris (DI-S) and sugar intake were determined for 766 rural Black, urban Black, coloured, Indian and White children, using standardized techniques. In general sucrose intake, both quantity and frequency was low in rural Black children yet these children had relatively few caries-free individuals and higher than expected mean dmft scores. Comparison with earlier studies in the same localities has shown a worsening of dental caries in all groups except the White, in which the situation has improved. Sucrose consumption declined in rural Black, and White groups, remained steady in urban Black children and increased in coloured and Indian groups.

Black People↗
PubMed1983

Primary dentition caries trends, 1976-1981, in four South African populations.

This paper is a comparison of cross-sectional data on dental caries in the primary dentition undertaken between 1976 and 1981 in the Transvaal Province, South Africa, on 690 rural Black, 1463 urban Black, 870 Indian and 1622 White children aged 2-5 yr. There was a decrease in percentage dental caries prevalence in the urban White children and an increase in the other three groups, the fastest rate being seen among urban Indian children. Similar trends were noted for mean dmft. Dental caries in incisor and canine teeth remained fairly static but caries in molar teeth increased in the groups of Black and Indian children and decreased in the White children. Ratios d/dmft, m/dmft and f/dmft indicated that minimal treatment was received by all the children.

Black People↗
PubMed1983

Birthweights of babies born at home in a black rural community of Bophuthatswana, southern Africa.

In Africa, data on incidence of babies' low birthweight are based virtually exclusively on information derived from deliveries in hospitals. The incidence of low birthweight is about double that prevailing in developed countries. However, in a rural region in southern Africa, after painstakingly overcoming local strongly entrenched custom, it was found possible to organize the measurement of newborn babies born at home. It was found that the incidence of low birthweight was about half of that among babies born in hospitals--that is the proportion was similar to that of developed populations.

Africa, Southern↗
PubMed1983

The bearing of diverse patterns of diet on growth and menarche in four ethnic groups of South African girls.

Anthropemetric and development studies were made on 4390 black rural and urban, coloured, Indian and white school girls of 6-17 years and a 24-h dietary recall recorded on subsamples. Mean weights and heights of non-white were lower at all ages than those of white girls. Prevalences of obesity (greater than or equal to 120% weight-for-height), were higher in black and coloured than in Indian and white girls, but mean percentage body fat was not significantly different at 17 years. Growth attained was in response to very different dietary patterns. However, this did not delay breast development, which occurred at much the same time in all groups. However, menstruation was delayed in black compared with coloured, Indian and white girls. Although breast development was present in all at 14 years, proportions (%) menstruating differed: 33 rural and urban black; 84 coloured; 93 Indian; 97 white. in non-menstruating girls of 8 years of age all had mean fat greater than 17% (the expected level of menstruation) and, except in black rural and coloured girls, this was greater than 22%, the critical level for regular ovulation. These studies throw doubt on the nutritional components as being wholly responsible for the delay of menarche, as breast development, the earliest sign of puberty in girls, is not delayed despite marked dietary differences. The emergence of obesity without dietary intervention in the 'poorest' of adolescent girls, further questions this hypothesis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of dental fluorosis and caries in primary teeth of preschool-children living in arid high and low fluoride villages.

The aim of this study was to determine the degree of fluorosis in the primary dentition and the accompanying caries patterns in groups of preschool-children in high and low fluoride areas. Among 331 coloured children, aged 1-5 years, living in an area with water F concentrations ranging from 2.2 to 4.1 parts/10(6), 82% were caries free and the dmft values ranged from 0 to 15 with a mean dmft of 0.8 +/- 2.1. Varying degrees of fluorosis in the primary teeth were present in 50.6% of the children. In 177 coloured children of similar ages from an adjacent area with 0.2 parts/10(6) F in the drinking water the dmft values ranged from 0 to 20 with a mean dmft of 5.4 +/- 5.8. Only 28% of the children were caries free. None of the children in this area had fluorosis. The caries prevalence was significantly higher in the low fluoride area than in the high fluoride area. The degree of fluorosis found in the primary dentition in the children from the high fluoride area was higher than had been anticipated and was accompanied by a very low caries prevalence.

Child, Preschool↗