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B D Simons

Publications and source records attributed to B D Simons.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The relation of surgery for prostatic hypertrophy to carcinoma of the prostate.

The authors evaluated the risk of death from prostate cancer in Rhode Island men who had had surgery for prostatic hypertrophy during the years 1959-1970. The retrospective follow-up method was used. Among 4,853 men who had had either a transurethral resection or a prostatectomy, age- and time-standardized mortality from prostate cancer was 1.14 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.33) times the rate in the general population of Rhode Island men. The age- and time-standardized mortality ratio was 1.01 (95% CI 0.77-1.31) for men who had had a suprapubic prostatectomy and 1.18 (95% CI 0.94-1.47) for men who had had a transurethral resection. The authors used the case-control method to relate the histologic features of prostatic hypertrophy to subsequent prostate cancer. The observed associations were weak and inconsistent. The results of this study suggest that surgically treated prostatic hypertrophy is not an important determinant of prostate cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Relationship of polyps to cancer of the large intestine.

BACKGROUND: Pathologic and epidemiologic evidence indicates that patients with sporadic (nonfamilial) adenomatous polyps of the large intestine are at high risk of developing colorectal cancer. PURPOSE: Our primary goal in this study was to evaluate the colorectal cancer mortality rate among persons who have had a histologically confirmed benign colorectal polyp. METHODS: We used the retrospective follow-up method to evaluate the risk of death from colorectal cancer in 2872 Rhode Island men and women who were 24 through 79 years of age at the time of surgery for benign polyps in the years 1959 through 1975. RESULTS: Among 2872 subjects, the mortality from colorectal cancer, standardized for age, sex, and calendar time, was estimated as 1.74 (95% confidence interval = 1.44-2.09) times the rate in the general population of Rhode Island residents. Colorectal cancer mortality was higher in the first 5 years of follow-up than it was later. There was little relationship between the numbers of polyps and colorectal cancer mortality, and there was only a modest association between the size of polyps and mortality. Colorectal cancer mortality was more than twice as high in subjects whose polyps were proximal to the sigmoid compared with those with sigmoid or rectal polyps. The observed elevation of risk of colorectal cancer was almost entirely confined to subjects who had an adenomatous polyp. The risk increased strongly with the percentage of villous features in the polyp and was about twice as high in subjects with villous adenoma than in those with other adenomatous polyps. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the suspected relationship between colorectal polyps and cancer incidence and extend the association to colorectal cancer mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pars plana vitrectomy in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study. ETDRS report number 17. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group.

BACKGROUND: The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) enrolled 3711 patients with mild-to-severe nonproliferative or early proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes. Patients were randomly assigned to aspirin 650 mg/day or placebo. One eye of each patient was assigned randomly to early photocoagulation and the other to deferral of photocoagulation. Follow-up examinations were scheduled at least every 4 months, and photocoagulation was initiated in eyes assigned to deferral as soon as high-risk proliferative retinopathy was detected. Aspirin was not found to have an effect on retinopathy progression or rates of vitreous hemorrhage. The risk of a combined end point, severe visual loss or vitrectomy, was low in eyes assigned to deferral (6% at 5 years) and was reduced by early photocoagulation (4% at 5 years). Vitrectomy was carried out in 208 patients during the 9 years of the study. This report presents baseline and previtrectomy characteristics and visual outcome in these patients. METHODS: Information collected at baseline and during follow-up as part of the ETDRS protocol was supplemented by review of clinic charts for visual acuity and ocular status immediately before vitrectomy. RESULTS: Vitrectomy was performed in 208 (5.6%) of the 3711 patients (243 eyes) enrolled in the ETDRS. The 5-year vitrectomy rates for eyes grouped by their initial photocoagulation assignment were as follows: 2.1% in the early full scatter photocoagulation group, 2.5% in the early mild scatter group, and 4.0% in the deferral group. The 5-year rates of vitrectomy (in one or both eyes) were 5.4% in patients assigned to aspirin and 5.2% in patients assigned to a placebo. The indications for vitrectomy were either vitreous hemorrhage (53.9%) or retinal detachment with or without vitreous hemorrhage (46.1%). Before vitrectomy, visual acuity was 5/200 or worse in 66.7% of eyes and better than 20/100 in 6.2%. One year after vitrectomy, the visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 47.6% of eyes, including 24.0% with visual acuity of 20/40 or better. CONCLUSIONS: With frequent follow-up examinations and timely scatter (panretinal) photocoagulation, the 5-year cumulative rate of pars plana vitrectomy in ETDRS patients was 5.3%. Aspirin use did not influence the rate of vitrectomy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of upper extremity torque production and its relationship to throwing speed in the competitive athlete.

This study was conducted to establish whether or not a correlation exists between peak torque production of upper extremity (UE) musculature and throwing speed. Eleven professional baseball players were tested for upper extremity peak torque production using a Cybex II Isokinetic Dynamometer. Throwing speed was measured with a radar gun. Results of statistical analysis performed on the data indicate a correlation between shoulder adductors and throwing speed.

Arm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical technique, visual outcome, and complications of pediatric intraocular lens implantation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively the surgical technique, visual outcome, and complications of pediatric cataract extraction (CE) and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. METHODS: Forty-three patients ages 2 to 12 underwent CE with IOL implantation with a minimum follow up of 1 month. RESULTS: All IOLs were implanted in the posterior chamber with 17 (40%) in the bag, 25 (58%) sulcus fixated, and one (2%) partially in the bag (one haptic in the bag, one in the sulcus). Primary posterior capsulectomy was performed in 12 (28%) cases. A final visual acuity of at least 20/40 was achieved in 26 (60%) and at least 20/80 in 32 (74%). Posterior capsule opacification developed in 18 (42%) and pupillary capture in 7 (16%). Seventeen (40%) patients had postoperative visual acuity worse than 20/40. Of these, nine (53%) had this visual outcome as a result of presumed amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior chamber IOL implantation affords a safe and effective method of visual rehabilitation for cataractous children 2 years of age and older. Amblyopia and antecedent posterior segment trauma, rather than IOL-related or surgical complications, are the limiting factors in final visual outcome.

Cataract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preschool vision screening using the MTI-Photoscreener.

Amblyopia is a condition that, if detected and treated early, can improve vision for most children. Thus, both pediatric and ophthalmologic groups have acknowledged the need for preschool vision screening. However, vision screening is the exception rather than the rule for preschoolers, since traditional methods of vision screening are often inappropriate for the preschool population and almost impossible for those children who are preverbal or nonverbal, developmentally delayed, and/or have chronic illnesses or disabilities. This study evaluated the use of a photoscreener to detect vision problems in a preschool population. Fifty-one children ages 3 to 5 years were evaluated using the MTI Photoscreener. Results were compared with a complete ophthalmologic examination, including cycloplegia. The sensitivity and specificity calculated for this study was 83% and 68%, respectively. Findings conclude that the MTI Photoscreener detected a broad range of vision problems, seemed to require less time, and seemed more acceptable to preschoolers when compared with the traditional vision screening methods performed by registered nurses. Although the sensitivity and specificity rates for this study were less than desired, it is likely that both could be improved with additional photo interpretation training.

Child, Preschool↗