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Biomedical subjects

B D Stein

Publications and source records attributed to B D Stein.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A national survey of stress reactions after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

BACKGROUND: People who are not present at a traumatic event may also experience stress reactions. We assessed the immediate mental health effects of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. METHODS: Using random-digit dialing three to five days after September 11, we interviewed a nationally representative sample of 569 U.S. adults about their reactions to the terrorist attacks and their perceptions of their children's reactions. RESULTS: Forty-four percent of the adults reported one or more substantial stress symptoms; 91 percent had one or more symptoms to at least some degree. Respondents throughout the country reported stress syndromes. They coped by talking with others (98 percent), turning to religion (90 percent), participating in group activities (60 percent), and making donations (36 percent). Eighty-five percent of parents reported that they or other adults in the household had talked to their children about the attacks for an hour or more; 34 percent restricted their children's television viewing. Thirty-five percent of children had one or more stress symptoms, and 47 percent were worried about their own safety or the safety of loved ones. CONCLUSIONS: After the September 11 terrorist attacks, Americans across the country, including children, had substantial symptoms of stress. Even clinicians who practice in regions that are far from the recent attacks should be prepared to assist people with trauma-related symptoms of stress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Violence exposure among school-age children in foster care: relationship to distress symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the amount and nature of violence exposure and examine the relationship between violence exposure and distress symptoms among children in foster care. METHOD: Violence exposure and distress symptoms were evaluated in interviews, conducted between July 1996 and March 1998, of 300 children from Los Angeles County living in out-of-home placement. RESULTS: Interviews were successfully completed in 91% of eligible children. The majority of children (85%) reported having been a witness to violence, and 51% had been a victim of violence during their lifetime. Of these youths, 54% and 41%, respectively, reported having been exposed to such violence in the past 6 months. Girls, victims of assaultive violence and weapon related violence, and those reporting exposure to mild violence were more likely (p < .05) to have higher levels of distress symptoms than those without such characteristics, after age was controlled for. CONCLUSIONS: Children in foster care continue to have high levels of violence exposure, even after removal from their biological parents' home. The relationship between violence exposure and distress symptoms underscores the need for clinicians to inquire about multiple forms of violence exposure among children living in out-of-home placement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Emotional sequelae of disasters: a primary care physician's guide.

Disasters are a common cause of psychological trauma and distress, especially for women victims, who are more likely to develop several types of psychological problems. This paper examines the important role of the primary care physician in addressing the emotional and psychological needs of disaster victims. The phases of a disaster are discussed, as are common disaster-related somatic complaints. The paper then outlines a brief intervention for use with disaster victims that can be performed in a primary care physician's office, addresses appropriate patient referral, and outlines the mental health resources commonly available after a disaster.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1994

Topical FK506: suppression of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in the guinea pig.

Topical FK506 has recently been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo in humans. In this study its effects in contact dermatitis were studied in the guinea pig model. Topical FK506 suppressed both irritant and allergic patch-test reactions. The most prominent suppressive effect was seen when skin sites were pretreated with FK506. Topical FK506 did not impair the induction of contact allergy as assessed by challenges, although it suppressed local lymph node cell accumulation during contact allergy induction. Topical FK506 may hold promise as a treatment for skin disorders that respond to oral FK506 or cyclosporin A.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of bromine and permanganate as ultrastructural stains for lignin in plants infected by the fungus Colletotrichum lagenarium.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDS) were used to localize manganese from KMnO4, and bromine, as ultrastructural stains for lignin in an herbaceous plant. The Spookie cultivar of pumpkin is susceptible to infection by the fungus Colletotrichum lagenarium and served as a model system to compare the Br and KMnO4 techniques. Bromine was used in a fixation/staining procedure, and in separate experiments, KMnO4 was used as either a fixative or as a postsection stain. The technique for using bromine was modified from the woody plant procedure by adding a paraformaldehyde prefixation step. With the bromine procedure, cell walls were well-preserved, but the cytoplasm was heavily extracted. The KMnO4 procedures produced well-fixed cytoplasm, but with some staining artifacts. With all procedures, EDS dot mapping demonstrated lignin deposition in the cell walls specifically associated with sites of fungal infection. Lignin was also localized in secondary walls of tracheary elements, sites known to be highly lignified. The bromine procedure provided the most specific localization of lignin with a minimum of artifact. The specific applications of these stains provided data on the ultrastructural localization of lignin which contributed to the elucidation of its role in the interactions between pathogenic fungi in both their resistant and susceptible plant hosts.

Bromine↗