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Biomedical subjects

B Dalton

Publications and source records attributed to B Dalton.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Alterations in the cellular-mediated immune responsiveness of chronic marihuana smokers.

Chronic marihuana smokers and matched nonsmokers were compared with respect to several aspects of both their humoral and cellular immune system. Immunoglobulin and complement levels, SMA 12 and hematologic values from marihuana smokers did not differ significantly from those obtained from nonsmokers. However, the number of T-lymphocytes with respect to the ratio of T and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was lowered in marihuana smokers. In addition, phytohemagglutinin stimulation of lymphocytes was apparently less effective in smokers. The polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNM) from the blood of smokers contained fewer cells capable of phagocytizing yeast cells than did PMN from nonsmokers. While marihuana smoking does appear to affect immune mechanisms at no time in these studies were any deleterious physiological effects that could be directly associated with the alterations in the immune system observed in the marihuana smokers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Supported inquiry science: teaching for conceptual change in urban and suburban science classrooms.

Science education professionals generally agree that hands-on, inquiry-based science potentially benefits all students, yet there are few specific guidelines for helping students with learning disabilities (LD) achieve success in general education science classrooms. This study compared the effects of two approaches to hands-on science--supported inquiry science (SIS) and activity-based science--in six urban and two suburban fourth-grade general education classrooms. Participants included 172 students, 33 of whom had learning disabilities. The study found that students with and without LD demonstrated greater concept learning in the SIS classrooms, which focused on eliciting and reworking students' misconceptions and co-constructing knowledge under the guidance of a teacher-coach.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aggressive approach to intravenous feeding of the critically ill patient.

Intravenous nutrition has become a necessary part of comprehensive critical care. The guidelines that surround the technique render it both safe and effective, but are not always practical in the patient with sepsis or multisystem failure who has a shortage of sites for catheter insertion. After an 8 year experience in a multidisciplinary ICU in which 40 per cent of patients admitted are fed parenterally, modified techniques have been developed so a more aggressive and liberal approach can be used for treating acutely ill patients. Additional crystalloid fluids and medications can be administered through the TPN catheter, high calorie levels can be used initially, and TPN can be stopped abruptly and insulin dosages as high as 28 U. per hour administered safely. When critically ill patients undergo major surgery TPN may be continued. This is made possible by a well oriented and well trained staff, competent to both follow and act on the results of very close monitoring in a special care area with efficient stat laboratory backing. Complication rates have to be kept low by rigorous supervision of both catheter insertion and aftercare. This has made frequent catheter changes a practical safety measure. Management and monitoring protocols are presented. The well established protocols for the management of TPN are adhered to for the routine support of nutrition.

Antisepsis↗