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Biomedical subjects

B Darne

Publications and source records attributed to B Darne.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

An indirect evaluation of the effect of the autonomic nervous system following converting enzyme inhibition in hypertension.

Common carotid blood flow and cold pressor test were evaluated in 16 patients with sustained essential hypertension before and after 30 days treatment with the converting enzyme inhibitor Enalapril (20 mg). Enalapril decreased blood pressure and carotid vascular resistance with no significant change in heart rate. After treatment, despite a wide range of the responses, the changes in systolic blood pressure to cold test were significantly attenuated, whereas the heart rate responses were not. Acute random and double blind administration of either Cadralazine or Nitrendipine, two vasodilating drugs which are known to cause an activation of the autonomic nervous system, were performed before and after long term treatment by Enalapril. Whereas the blood pressure and heart rate responses to cold test was unmodified by these compounds before Enalapril treatment, significant changes were observed after converting enzyme inhibition: Cadralazine reduced the heart rate response whereas Nitrendipine increased it significantly. The study provides evidence that converting enzyme inhibition causes sympatho-inhibitory influences which are principally observed in stress conditions, with heterogeneous responses depending on the nature and the type of stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Lisinopril versus atenolol: decrease in systolic versus diastolic blood pressure with converting enzyme inhibition.

In a multicenter, parallel, double-blind study, lisinopril, a new converting enzyme inhibitor, was compared with atenolol in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. Four hundred ninety patients were randomized to once-a-day treatment with lisinopril 20 mg or atenolol 50 mg for 4 weeks, and the doses of lisinopril or atenolol were increased at 4-week intervals up to 80 mg or 200 mg, respectively, if sitting diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) was not well controlled. Lisinopril and atenolol reduced SDBP to a similar extent. All reductions from baseline in sitting diastolic and systolic blood pressure were significant (p less than 0.01). Lisinopril produced a significantly greater reduction (p less than 0.01) in sitting systolic blood pressure (SSBP) than atenolol. The predominant reduction in SSBP could not be explained on the basis of age, race, or severity of hypertension. It is suggested that the increase in arterial compliance reported for converting enzyme inhibitors could explain the predominant decrease in systolic blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Menopause-related changes in lipoproteins and some other cardiovascular risk factors.

Changes in lipids, lipoproteins and other cardiovascular risk factors associated with the occurrence of menopause have been examined in a cross-sectional study of 435 healthy white women, aged 45-54 years not using sex hormones. Univariate analysis showed that total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and fibrinogen were significantly higher in post menopausal women than in premenopausal women. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure and blood glucose did not change with menopausal status. After controlling for the effects of confounding variables (age, body mass index and smoking status), total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and systolic blood pressure remained significantly increased in postmenopausal women as compared with premenopausal women. Our findings add to epidemiological evidence that menopause adversely affects the lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and thus, may increase the risk of coronary heart disease.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Detection of alcoholic patients using the systematic CAGE autoquestionnaire. In out patients].

A French adaptation of the CAGE questionnaire was used as a self-administered test in 200 outpatients (heart clinic 100, gastroenterology clinic 100) from a French University Hospital. People with two positive items or more were regarded as potential "alcoholics", i.e. indulging in excessive alcohol consumption without being alcohol-dependent. With a 9.5 per cent prevalence of "alcoholics", 95.5 per cent of out-patients were correctly classified.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Cardiovascular mortality as a function of left electric ventricular hypertrophy. In a male population].

The prevalence of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy was studied in a population of 19,622 men born and living in France, aged from 40 to 69 years, who volunteered to have a medical check-up at the health centre of preclinical investigations, Paris, between 1972 and 1977. Enquiries were made among local authorities and physicians to determine the number of deaths and their causes. During the follow-up (median 9.5 years), 1,285 deaths were recorded. The overall cardiovascular mortality was 384 deaths: 178 patients died of ischaemic heart disease, 66 of sudden death, 93 of cerebral vascular accident and 47 of various cardiovascular diseases. The presence of an electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy increased the incidence of overall mortality and all causes of cardiovascular mortality in all age-groups. An analysis of survival after adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level and smoking habits indicated that left ventricular hypertrophy is indeed a predictor of total cardiovascular mortality and of mortality due to ischaemic heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pulsatile versus steady component of blood pressure: a cross-sectional analysis and a prospective analysis on cardiovascular mortality.

Studies on the prognostic significance of blood pressure on cardiovascular disease have essentially investigated the levels of diastolic or systolic blood pressure. However, blood pressure may also be divided into two other components: steady (mean arterial pressure) and pulsatile (pulse arterial pressure). The relations of these two components with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular mortality were investigated in 18,336 men and 9,351 women aged 40-69 years, who were followed up for a mean period of 9.5 years. However, the interpretation of the relations is complicated by the strong correlation existing between these two components. A principal component analysis was performed to obtain two independent parameters: a steady and a pulsatile component index, strongly correlated with mean and pulse arterial pressure, respectively. In the cross-sectional analysis, relations were stronger with the steady component index than with the pulsatile component index; an association was found between left ventricular hypertrophy and the pulsatile component index in both sexes. The survival analysis was not performed in women under 55 as only 11 cardiovascular deaths occurred in this group. The steady component index was a strong prognostic factor of all types of cardiovascular death in both sexes. In women, the pulsatile component index was positively correlated to death from coronary artery disease and inversely correlated to stroke. In conclusion, the steady component of blood pressure is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular death in both sexes; the pulsatile component could be a risk factor independent of the steady component in women older than 55 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Electric left ventricular hypertrophy and pulsatile component of arterial pressure in a population study].

High systolic or diastolic blood pressure is a risk factor of left ventricular hypertrophy. However, haemodynamically speaking blood pressure is made of two components: continuous and pulsatile. Few authors have analysed the relationship between these two components and left ventricular hypertrophy. A horizontal study was conducted in 27, 687 subjects who volunteered for a medical check-up in Paris. A principal component analysis led to the estimation of two distinct parameters: a continuous pressure index (CPI) and a pulsed pressure index (PPI). The correlation between CPI and age was linear, whereas PPI was independent of age before 55 years and thereafter increased in a linear manner. This study also confirmed the importance of the relationship between the continuous component of blood pressure and electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy. It is suggested that the pulsatile component might also be a risk factor of left ventricular hypertrophy independently of the continuous component level. Only a prospective study would confirm that an increase in the pulsatile component of blood pressure has a prognostic value as regards ventricular hypertrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of a protocol for selective ordering of preoperative tests.

A protocol for selective ordering of 12 preoperative tests, according to clinical status and type of surgery, was prospectively tested for one year in a teaching hospital. 3866 consecutive surgical patients had an average of about 4 tests each. The possible value of tests that were omitted was assessed in the light of events during and after operation. According to predetermined criteria, 0.4% of non-ordered tests would have been potentially useful; but in the opinion of the anaesthetists, only 0.2% would actually have been useful. The protocol therefore had little adverse effect on patient care and was acceptable to clinicians.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Fertility in Gabon (Haut Obooué). Retrospective study in Okondja and Franceville. Obstetrical activity at the maternity hospital in Franceville during the first trimester of 1981].

This is a report of 2 studies led in Gabon (Haut Ogooué) in 1981: investigation of retrospective fecondity in 2 groups of women (in Franceville and Okondja). The mean number of pregnancies per women (3.8 and 4.3) and the mean descent are close to official reports. This investigation reveals that there is a high neonatal mortality rate, which is likely to have an effect on hypofecondity among women of this area, even more for the older ones; activity of the "Maternité Provinciale de Franceville" during the first semester 1981.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antihypertensive efficacy of the combination of captopril 50mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25mg evaluated by ambulatory blood pressure measurement].

The anti-hypertensive effects of the captopril-hydrochlorothiazide combination administered during three months as one single morning dose were evaluated in 51 patients with moderate essential hypertension by means of ambulatory blood pressure recording. At the end of the study, the mean values of arterial blood pressure recorded over 24 hours were significantly lowered: systolic pressure was reduced from 145 +/- 11 to 131 +/- 10 mmHg (P less than 0.001), and diastolic pressure from 88 +/- 5 mmHg to 81 +/- 4 mmHg (P less than 0.001). The same results were recorded during the day (07.00 to 22.00 hours) and during the night (23.00 to 06.00 hours). No change in heart rate was observed.

Adult↗