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Biomedical subjects

B Dautzenberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Dautzenberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Smoking and pregnancy: survey among women enrolled in an independent worker insurance program].

OBJECTIVES: In order to further improve its prevention program entitled "Maternity childhood follow-up", the Paris region health insurance program for independent workers carried out a survey among female participants. The survey was designed to assess women's smoking behavior and evaluate reception of information concerning smoking-related risks and support available to stop smoking. The women's suggestions were also collected. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent by the physicians in charge of the Ile de France region to the 3525 women who had reported a pregnancy. RESULTS: 1099 answers were received (31%) The mean age of responders was 34.3 4.7 years. Their educational level was high (76% had a university degree). Before pregnancy, 37% were smokers. At the first trimester of pregnancy, 17% were smokers, 15% at the second trimester and 14% at the third trimester. Two years after childbirth, 20.5% were smokers. The proportion of women who stopped smoking was higher for those with a low Fagerström score. 29% of women said they did not receive any information about the harmful consequences of smoking. To cease smoking during pregnancy, 70% are helped by family and friends, 20% by health professionals; 3.5% took nicotine substitutes. CONCLUSION: This survey emphasises the need for improving information to pregnant women for alerting them to the dangers of smoking and for training the relevant health professionals.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Knowledge, opinions and tobacco consumption in a French faculty of medicine].

OBJECTIVE: Tobacco consumption among French physicians is regularly followed-up and well-known; however, there is little information concerning the smoking habits of medical students even though they are the physicians of the future. How do they behave? Do they smoke? More or less than the other populations of the same age? METHOD: All the students of a Parisian medical school were surveyed with a self-questionnaire completed and collected just before the exams at the end of the year. The questionnaire incorporated both past and present smoking habits and also the students' knowledge and opinions on tobacco consumption. RESULTS: A total of 681 students replied. More than one-third were smokers (34.6%) among which 21.0% smoked every day and 13.6% smoked occasionally. Gender had no influence on prevalence rate and both men and women smoked a comparable number of cigarettes per day (males 12.0 cig/day, females 10.4 cig/day). Eleven percent were former smokers and 68.4% would like to quit. Nearly 100% believed that cigarette smoke can bother others and 75% felt they were exemplary figures for others on the subject of tobacco use. Finally, two-thirds of the students smoked light cigarettes. CONCLUSION: The smoking habits of medical students are similar to those of the general population of the same age. It is necessary to develop specific prevention programs for medical students because they will play an important public health role in the future in reducing the prevalence of tobacco consumption in France.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Indications for and modalities of long-term oxygen therapy].

Long-term oxygenotherapy treatment prevent pulmonary hypertension and hypercythemia in chronic hypoxic patients. LTOT is indicated in severe patients with a medial survival time of 3.5 years. Medical indication of LTOT is hypoxemia > 55 mmHg, or, if right cardiac sign or polycythemia are present PaO2 between 55 and 60 mmHg. In some cases LTOT is used only during deambulation, if hypoxemia occurs only during activity. In most cases LTOT is received during all the night and as long as possible during the day time to reach 18 hours/24. OLT decreases the risk of polycythemia and pulmonary hypertension and increases the survival rate of chronic hypoxemic patients.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Prevention of nosocomial infection during nebulization and spirometry].

The nebulizer, designed for the delivery of important quantities of drugs to the bronchi and lungs can also deliver microbial deposits. The risk can be one of recontaminating a patient with his/her own bacteria, contaminating other individuals (other patients or staff during a nebulization session from a patient infected by an ordinary germ or tuberculosis), or transmission via unclean equipment, contaminated water or medicines. The use of single-dose drug preparations, single-patient devices, sterile water, and rigorous applications of the protocols can considerably reduce the risk. Although respiratory function tests are done with expensive equipment that has to be reused, sometimes by a large number of patients in the same day, cases of cross-contamination are exceptional. Closed spirometers are however a risk. The use of single-use filters can save money and time needed to clean all the device parts used in connection with the inspiratory circuit during respiratory tests. In intensive care units, the passage of spirometers from one patient to the next without a cleaning procedure is a situation of risk. In all these situations, implementation of cleaning protocols allows to reduce this risk, although zero risk cannot be achieved especially for recontamination of patients by their own bacteria during nebulization.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1999

A controlled study of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with completely resected nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Groupe d'Etude et de Traitement des Cancers Bronchiques.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative radiotherapy is commonly used to treat patients with completely resected nonsmall cell lung carcinoma, but its effect on overall survival has not been established. METHODS: After undergoing complete surgical resection, 728 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (221 Stage I, 180 Stage II, and 327 Stage III) were randomized to receive either postoperative radiotherapy at a total dose of 60 gray or observation only . The main end point was overall survival. RESULTS: At the reference date, 218 of 355 patients in the control group had died and 262 of 373 in the radiotherapy group had died. Five-year overall survival was 43% for the control group and 30% for the radiotherapy group (P = 0.002, log rank test; relative risk [RR]: 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.59). This result was not modified by adjustment for potential prognostic factors. The excess mortality rate for the radiotherapy group was due to an excess of intercurrent deaths (P = 0.0001; RR: 3.47; the 5-year intercurrent death rate was 8% for the control group and 31% for the radiotherapy group). Radiotherapy had no significant effect on local recurrence (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.64-1.14) and no effect on metastasis (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.85-1.31). The rate of non-cancer-related death increased with the dose per fraction delivered.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Good clinical practice in nebulization].

A meeting on nebulization held in April 1997 defined good clinical practices. Guidelines that were proposed pertained to the following: pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers; delivering circuit, occluded or not, the choice of the tip being done according to the disease to treat and to the drugs to be delivered; various functions, depending on the type of nebulizer; the particle size, as it will indicate which disease may be treated: between 2 and 6 microns for bronchi, between 0.5 et 3 microns for lung, > 5 microns for ear, nose and throat diseases; compatibility between the type of nebulizer and drugs. Ten drugs are currently registered in France. Nebulization has multiple clinical indications, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, acute laryngitis, and in infants, acute bronchiolitis. The prescription must be detailed, and the physician should make sure that the medical staff put it into application.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1998

Preliminary results of collapse therapy with plombage for pulmonary disease caused by multidrug-resistant mycobacteria.

Seven patients underwent collapse therapy with polystyrene sphere plombage for pulmonary disease caused by multidrug-resistant mycobacteria. Four patients were infected with multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, two with Mycobacterium xenopi, one with Mycobacterium avium. All patients were heavily pretreated before surgery, had extensive, bilateral cavitary disease and were considered unsuitable for resection because of extensive disease or functional respiratory impairment. Six patients had active disease at time of surgery. Collapse therapy with insertion of six to 18 spheres resulted in long-standing bacteriological conversion in six patients. Collapse therapy was unilateral in six and bilateral in one. No immediate postoperative complication or death was observed. Hospital stay was short (mean 12 d). Collapse therapy is a conservative alternative therapy in patients with pulmonary disease caused by multidrug-resistant mycobacteria at high risk of treatment failure considered unsuitable for pulmonary resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of combination therapy regimens for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with disseminated bacteremia due to Mycobacterium avium. ANRS Trial 033 Curavium Group. Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida.

We conducted a randomized, open-label trial in 42 French hospitals to compare the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of combination therapy with clarithromycin/clofazimine (Clm/Clof) with that of combination therapy with clarithromycin/rifabutin/ethambutol (Clm/Rib/Eth) as treatment for Mycobacterium avium bacteremia. One hundred forty-four human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients older than 18 years of age who had CD4 lymphocyte counts of <100/mm3 and a blood culture positive for M. avium were enrolled in the study. The main measures of outcome were blood cultures, abatement of clinical symptoms (fever), and survival. Treatment success (defined as patient living, either no fever or a reduction of > or = 1 degrees C in initial body temperature, and a blood culture negative for M. avium) was similar in both treatment groups at months 2 and 6. However, following initial resolution of infection, relapse of M. avium bacteremia occurred in more patients in the Clm/Clof group than in the Clm/Rib/Eth group (22 vs. six, respectively; P < .001); these relapses were accompanied by emergence of strains resistant to clarithromycin in 21 and two patients, respectively. In conclusion, combination therapy with Clm/Rib/Eth prevented relapse of mycobacterial disease and, compared with combination therapy with Clm/Clof, was associated with a significant decrease in the emergence of resistant M. avium strains in HIV-infected patients treated for at least 28 weeks.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗