Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B Degeilh.
If Mammals are the primary hosts of Siphonaptera, 6% of them have changed their trophic appetency for Birds. What are the reasons, what are the adaptations to be adopted by Fleas, what are the families or species groups of fleas concerned, and at last what are the host-families? As to this last question, it is clear that deviation was ecological but not phyletical.
We report a case of cutaneous alternariosis after liver transplantation. This rare phaeohyphomycosis is mainly observed in patients treated by corticosteroids. This case is remarkable for the species isolated: Alternaria infectoria. Clinical and histopathological features are studied and diagnostic problems are discussed.
Ixodes ricinus is considered as the main vector of Lyme Borreliosis in France. The aim of our investigations was to obtain a comprehensive view of the spatial risk linked to the distribution of the species in our country. Previous studies [1] have provided strong evidence that the species populations are widely distributed, so the objective of the present work was to ascertain the bacteriological infection of the tick by the agent of the zoonosis (Borrelia burgdorferi, sensu lato), over the French territory, whatever the ecological conditions may be. For this purpose, we kept the same framework as that used in our acarological investigation, a phytoecological zoning of the territory into 54 geographically separate and ecologically distinct units distributed into three climatic zones. Batches of ticks, picked up in these different phytoecological units (only two thirds of which were sampled), were submitted for bacteriological investigation. A total of 4,673 ticks were examined, individually, for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi, by immunofluorescence. Percentages of infection according to the various stages of Ixodes ricinus free stages, collected by flagging, were as follows: 4.95% in 3,247 nymphs, 11.2% in 699 males, 12.5% in 727 females. Larvae were ignored. Practically all the tested units harboured the bacterium. The percentage of tick samples (25 ticks or more) absolutely free of Borrelia, wherever they came from, is very low (not exceeding 10 percent of the sampled forests). Our study confirms the assessment of a widespread distribution of the zoonosis in France which was, until now, exclusively based on an approximate distribution of limited human cases observed in the country.
A case of brain abscess due to Trichoderma longibrachiatum in a leukemic patient with prolonged neutropenia is reported. Definitive cure was achieved after neurosurgical resection of the abscess and prolonged antifungal therapy. Trichoderma is a filamentous fungus species, which is only exceptionally pathogenic in humans. This genus and particularly the species Trichoderma longibrachiatum should be added to the growing list of fungi causing infection in immunocompromised patients.
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The roe-deer is a wild animal for which Ixodes ricinus has a particular fondness. Its territory is similar to that of the ticks and it is a species which is found throughout France yet which rarely leaves its territory. Given these conditions, a systematic parasitological examination of the ungulate can provide pertinent information concerning the forests inhabited by the tick. Since it is difficult to conduct a thorough examination of a large number of roe-deer over a limited space of time and on a large territory, the best solution is to examine the hind feet (hooves and tarsus) of the animal which are widely covered by the preimaginal stages of the tick. This biological material is easily available to the extent that the measurements of the animals are often used for game management. A preliminary study was conducted in Dordogne (southwestern France). Out of the 137 pairs of feet examined more than 50% carried the tick species (larvae or nymphs). The critical analysis of the results obtained throughout the investigation enables us to be more specific about the conditions of application of the advocated method.
The aim of the study was to precise the geographical repartition of Lyme borreliosis in the Rhône-Alpes district, to describe the ecological characteristics of the areas propitious to the disease, and to verify the vectorial competence of I. ricinus. The cases of Lyme disease were located by means of a questionnaire sent to 1156 physicians. The vector role of I. ricinus was studied by two ways: firstly by searching a correlation between the geographical repartition of the tick and that of cases, secondly by proving the Borrelia infection of the tick. Lyme disease is widely spread in the study area, mainly at the foothill level, its repartition is largely coinciding with that of I. ricinus which was found infected by B. burgdorferi (s.l.). However a few cases, located near the Mediterranean area, set an unanswered problem.
The case of a 13 month-old-boy with visceral leishmaniasis acquired in Brittany, a region of France where leishmaniasis is not endemic, is presented. The mode of contamination remains unclear, although a transfusional origin through blood transfusions during the neonatal period appears the most likely.
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Since 1966 maniac-depressive illness has been divided into bipolar disorder (BP) and unipolar disorder (UP). Both groups are still in the process of subtyping (bipolar I,II,III and the tentative subtyping of unipolar group by Winokur). When affective disorder begins with depressive episodes is it possible to predict future mania and anticipate BP diagnosis? Are they variables of good predicting value for bipolarization? The issue is of importance since handicap, evolution, prognosis, treatment are somewhat different for UP and BP. Several studies indicate some possible predictors of bipolarization: pharmacological mania, bipolar familial antecedents, postpartum first episode, hypersomnia and psychomotor retardation, psychotic depression, etc. Special attention is given to switch to mania during antidepressant treatment.
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