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Biomedical subjects

B Descottes

Publications and source records attributed to B Descottes.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The muscles of the abdominal wall: a new functional approach with anatomoclinical deductions.

The basic functional anatomy of muscle can be investigated by histochemical analysis of the muscle fibers and kinesiologic electromyography. The results of these techniques lead to anatomoclinical deductions based on the structure of muscle. Histochemical analysis of the striated fibers of a given muscle shows the existence of three functionally different populations of fibers. The relative abundance of each category of muscle fibers (expressed as a percentage) demonstrates the basic function of the muscle. The investigation of muscle function by kinesiologic electromyography shows that there are three categories of motor activity in the course of movement. These different types of motor activity are dependent upon the muscle fibers which display different physiological features, especially with respect to their contraction time. These two investigative techniques, the overall results of which are concordant, were applied to the study of the function of the muscles of the abdominal wall and led to the following anatomo-clinical deduction: tonico-postural motor activity is predominant in the rectus abdominis and flat abdominal muscles. Kinesiologic electromyography also allowed to demonstrate the functional development of these muscles according to the age, sex, corpulence and physical activity of the subjects studied.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1984

[Peritonitis following cesarean section. Report of 2 cases. The value of laparostomy].

The authors describe two cases of severe septic complications after caesarean section. They compare primary closure of the abdomen with the method of leaving it open. This should only be used very rarely but may help to shorten the stay in hospital and lessen the severity of the complications of severe peritonitis, which still today in these rare cases of surgery carry very heavy mortality.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

[Distant metastases of cervical cancer. Apropos of an unusual case. Review of the literature].

The authors present a single but unusual case of metastases from a squamous cell cancer of the cervix which had been treated radically 35 months previously; the metastases occurring in the digestive tract as well as the peritoneum. They try to explain the physiopathological mechanisms, which are probably not unequivocal, as to how theses metastases could have occurred. They point out that further studies should be carried out with a view to seeing whether prophylactic chemotherapy should be given even in very early cancers.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1983

[Rupture of the gallbladder in closed injuries of the abdomen].

A case of rupture of the gallbladder after blunt abdominal trauma is reported. The literature shows that this lesion is rare, and that it occurs mainly in the young. Diagnosis is difficult and tardy, especially when the lesion occurs as an isolated injury, and normally indicates choleperitoneum. Peritoneal lavage provides an early diagnostic aid, and CT scanning subsequently visualizes intraperitoneal fluid. The best procedure is cholecystectomy, and the prognosis is excellent in the case of isolated ruptures.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1983

[Latent adrenal cortical tumor. Plea for a better designation of adrenal cortical tumor. Apropos of 3 cases].

The authors isolate the characteristics of "nonhormonal" adrenocortical carcinomas from three clinical reports and a review of the literature. The absence of any clinical endocrine syndrome at the outset, and the tardy appearance of the tumoral syndrome explain the latency of these tumors. The investigations aim at circumscribing the tumor itself and any extensions - especially invasion of the vena cava, which is a determining point in the choice of therapy. Management is mainly surgical even though, in some cases, the operation can do no more than confirm the diagnosis. The prognosis seems to be greatly improved by medical treatment, especially with OP'DDD.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

[Common bile duct lithiasis. Reflections apropos of 1000 cases].

One thousand case reports of patients treated in eleven French surgical departments for stones in the common bile duct between 1975 and 1982 were analyzed. One in three cases were asymptomatic and detected by peroperative radiology during treatment of a simple or complicated gallstone, most forms were painful, with jaundice in 9 p. cent, an angiocholitis in 12 p. cent, and biliary pancreatitis in 2 p. cent. The most reliable exploratory procedure for gallstones is ultrasound imaging, as positive results were obtained in 90 p. cent of cases, but it enabled the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis in only one out of five patients. Intravenous cholangiography is a useful diagnostic tod for painful forms (60 p. cent). The failure of these two methods to establish the diagnosis in forms complicated by jaundice, pancreatitis, or angiocholitis has to be compared with the good results (85 p. cent) observed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Treatment was surgical in 99 p. cent of patients, peroperative radiology being performed in 95 p. cent of these cases and endoscopy in 30 p. cent. In one out of two cases a single large stone was present while multiple stones were present in 8 p. cent. A "ideal" choledochotomy was carried out in 77 patients (7,7 p. cent) without mortality. External biliary drainage in 702 cases resulted in a 1.7 p. cent mortality rate, this increasing to 8 p. cent after 192 biliodigestive shunt operations, and 7 p. cent after 146 sphincterotomies, including 18 under endoscopic control. Unrecognized lithiasis, detected during follow-up radiography two weeks after external biliary drainage, accounted for 2-8 p. cent of cases. Of the 30 patients with residual stones and open biliary pathways, 6 were treated by mechanical removal, 6 by endoscopic sphincterotomy, and the others by repeat surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Colonic occlusions. Retrospective cooperative study of 497 cases].

A retrospective multicenter study involving 12 digestive surgery centers was conducted on 497 cases of colon obstruction. The most frequent cause of colon obstruction was colo-rectal cancer (71 p. cent of cases), but many other etiologies were involved, including 61 cases of torsion and 37 patients with occlusive sigmoiditis. Differential clinical and radiological features in each etiological group are discussed, the results of therapy undertaken analyzed, and a reasonable line of conduct proposed, adapted to each situation, with the objective of attempting to reduce mortality which still affects 25 p. cent of cases operated upon.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Cancer of the lower oesophagus. One-stage subtotal oesophagectomy without thoracotomy and retrosternal gastroplasty (author's transl)].

In the operation proposed the tumour is approached by the abdominal route after incision of the diaphragm. It is dissected and the overlying healthy oesophagus is stripped. Continuity of the digestive tract is re-established by tubular gastroplasty in which the stomach is brought up to the neck through a retrosternal tunnel. The operation is indicated for tumours of the lower and middle oesophagus.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

[Enzymatic study of muscle fibers of the antero-lateral wall of the abdomen in man: functional interpretation].

After a recall of muscular histo-enzymology, the authors expose the results of an analysis of the antero-lateral muscles of the abdomen. They establish a predominance of the muscular fibers, type I, that are tonic as compared with the muscular fibers, type II, that are phasic. Thus the role of support and of maintenance of the intra-peritoneal pressure by these muscles is confirmed. The tonic characteristic is also important for the functional reeducation and the electrotherapy of the abdominal wall.

Abdominal Muscles↗