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Biomedical subjects

B Doherty

Publications and source records attributed to B Doherty.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Steady-state auditory evoked responses to pulsed frequency modulations in children.

This study investigated steady-state auditory evoked responses to pulsed frequency modulations (FM) of a continuous tone in normal children ranging in age from 6 to 12 years. We examined variations in response amplitude and phase as a function of age, recording site, and FM pulse duration. The surface topography of these evoked potentials suggested a relatively broad distribution with maximal responses observed at frontal electrode sites, smaller responses from parietal leads and the smallest responses were evident at the temporal lobe placements. Response parameters varied significantly as a function of pulse duration. Fifty milliseconds pulses elicited responses that were on average 20% larger than 100 ms FM pulses. Mean phase differences suggested that responses to the 100 ms pulses also lagged behind responses to the 50 ms pulses by the equivalent of 20 ms. There were no significant age-related variations in response amplitude. Phase varied with age only in response to the 50 ms FM pulses. The findings indicated that steady-state responses are sensitive to temporal parameters of frequency change present in pulsed modulations. The possibility is raised that this paradigm may be clinically useful in detecting dysfunction of specialized auditory mechanisms involved in frequency modulation analysis.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1996

Patients' views in the choice of renal transplant.

Little is known about chronic dialysis patients' reasons for electing renal transplantation. We investigated chronic dialysis patients' reasons for choosing to be listed or not listed for renal transplantation. Chronic dialysis patients were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of demographic information and questions related to desire for transplantation and previous transplant experience. The mean age of the dialysis population was 48 +/- 15 years (range 16 to 81 years); the population was 61% women, 39% African American, and 26% diabetic. The questionnaires of the 95 patients eligible for transplantation were analyzed. Forty-four percent of the eligible patients were active on a transplant waiting list; 56% of patients refused transplantation. Twenty-nine percent of the surveyed patients had had at least one previous transplant. Listed patients were younger (43 vs. 52 years), had fewer years of ESRD (5 vs. 9 years), and were more likely to be on home dialysis therapy (55% vs. 32%). There were no differences between listed and unlisted patients in gender, race, years of education, marital status, children, diabetes mellitus, and previous transplant experience. African American patients reporting strong religious beliefs were less likely to be listed for transplantation (76% vs. 24%); religious beliefs were not related to white patients' listing for transplantation. The most reported reason for electing transplantation was "hoping for a better quality of life" (86% of respondents). More never-transplanted patients elected transplantation "hoping it will make me live longer" (69% vs. 25% with previous transplant) and because their doctor (50% vs. 6%) or family (42% vs. 6%) thought it was a good idea. Of patients who declined transplant, 92% with previous transplant experience indicated that the experience discouraged them from seeking retransplantation; 59% of patients without transplant experience reported that seeing what happened to others with a failed transplant affected their decision not to seek transplantation. Our findings suggest that race and gender differences in electing transplant may disappear when all patients are actively solicited for transplantation. However, older patients may be less likely to elect transplant because they are more satisfied with life on dialysis or less willing to take risks. Further study of patients' reasons for electing transplantation is required before demographic variations in transplant choices can be accurately interpreted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Intellectual impairment among recently abstinent alcohol abusers.

Two samples of adequately detoxified hospital-treated alcohol abusers were neuropsychologically assessed for alcohol-related cognitive impairment. Both groups manifested the commonly found impairments on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (N = 50) and the Revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (N = 44). In addition, an almost identical pattern of substantial impairment was found when both groups were examined by Russell's (1975, 1988) version of the logical memory and visual reproduction subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale. A clear pattern of memory impairment for both verbal and non-verbal memory was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Comparability of correlates of original and revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales in an alcohol-abusing population.

The correlates of the original and revised Wechsler scales were investigated among a sample of alcohol abusers referred for assessment of possible intellectual impairment. Fifty of the subjects were assessed with the original scale, while 44 were examined with the revised scale. The correlates of the two scales with other intellectual, demographic, and drinking variables suggested that the established correlates of the original scale may be cautiously assumed to hold for the revised version.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Patterns of intellectual performance among recently abstinent alcohol abusers on WAIS-R and WMS-R sub-tests.

A group of recently abstinent alcohol abusers were examined using selected subtests of the WAIS-R and the WMS-R. The pattern of performance on the WAIS-R was similar to that well established for its predecessor. A clear nonmodality-specific memory deficit was evident on the WMS-R subtests. The theoretical and clinical implications of the results are briefly discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

The distribution of alcohol dependence severity among in-patient problem drinkers.

One hundred and sixty problem drinkers admitted to in-patient care were rated according to the severity of their alcohol dependence by means of two standardized questionnaires (SADQ and SADD). A bimodal distribution of scores previously reported with the SADQ was not reproduced with either questionnaire, but there was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.806) between the SADQ and SADD scores. There was 59% agreement between the two questionnaires in their placing of scores within three categories of dependence severity. The results suggest a degree of caution in equating current estimates of minimal, mild to moderate and severe dependence on the SADQ with low, medium and high dependence, respectively, on the SADD. Some difficulties experienced by subjects in completing the two questionnaires are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Per capita income in breast cancer patients.

The Wisconsin Department of Health and Human Services has identified breast cancer as the most common malignant neoplasm among women in Wisconsin. To determine the potential effectiveness of a program of low-cost screening mammography in reducing cancer morbidity and mortality in individuals of low socioeconomic status, the authors conducted a retrospective analysis of data from tumor registries. Using the tumor registries of two hospitals in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the records of 323 patients with breast cancer were identified and analyzed for size of tumor at first presentation. These data were correlated with per capita income taken from census block information for the residence of each patient. The data indicate that mean income was lower for patients with more advanced disease. Other variables such as race did not influence tumor classification at initial presentation. Economically disadvantaged women present with more advanced breast cancers than affluent patients. This adverse circumstance may be the result of lack of financial resources and poor dissemination of information. Programs that recognize these problems are likely to be more successful in achieving earlier breast cancer detection.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Delayed mutation in Chinese hamster cells.

The possibility was examined that mutational events can be delayed for more than one or two cell divisions following treatment of Chinese hamster cells with the DNA alkylating agent ethyl methane sulfonate. If mutations in mammalian cells are delayed, the proportion of mutant cells in colonies grown from single mutagen-treated cells will reflect the cell division at which the mutation is genetically fixed, i.e., a first division mutation yields a 1/2 mutant colony, a fifth division mutation produces a 1/32 mutant colony, etc. In the present study, replating of cells from single colonies grown for six to seven days after mutagen treatment resulted in the discrete ratios of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient mutant to wild-type colonies expected for a delayed mutational process which produces mutations over at least 8-10 cell generations. Further, when cells from 7- to 10-day colonies, grown from ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-treated cells were replated into selective medium containing 6-thioguanine (6TG), the number of 6TG-resistant colonies obtained per flask was distributed over a very wide range, consistent with a mutational delay process. These results could not be explained by differences in the number of cells per colony or plating efficiency in selective medium. Assuming that the relative number of 6TG-resistant colonies per flask reflects the time of mutation, EMS treatment produced two groups of mutational events: one which occurred within the first five cell generations and another uniformly distributed over at least the next eight to nine divisions. These results support the conclusion that EMS induces mutants for at least 10-14 cell generations after treatment and raise the possibility that current methods to assess the mutagenic potential of an agent might lead to significant underestimation. The role of delayed mutation in the phenomenon of "mutation expression time" is also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health needs assessment in intermediate care of elderly people.

The National Service Framework for older people (Department of Health (DOH), 2001a) identifies health promotion as one of the eight standards for improving the health and well-being of older people. Population health needs assessment is the first stage in any public health promotion cycle. This article critiques health needs assessment methodology, investigates the origins of health needs assessment and discusses the application of health needs assessment theory in a community hospital setting.

Aged↗