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Biomedical subjects

B E Chatterton

Publications and source records attributed to B E Chatterton.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effect of calcium supplementation on forearm bone mineral content in postmenopausal women: a prospective, sequential controlled trial.

Three hundred ten normal postmenopausal volunteers were invited to enter a controlled trial of the effects of calcium supplementation on forearm mineral content (FMC); 269 entered the study and 210 completed it. Of those who completed the study, 158 were allocated to one of three calcium-supplemented treatment regimes and 52 were allocated to a control group. Twenty-two of the subjects allocated to the treatment group were unable to take supplementary calcium but agreed to remain in the study as additional controls. There were therefore 136 treated subjects, 52 strict controls and 74 controls altogether. During the initial observation period of 9 mo, there was a highly significant loss of bone in all groups (P less than 0.001). During the 9-mo period of treatment, there was a highly significant reduction in the rate of bone loss in the treated subjects (P less than 0.001), a just significant reduction in the strict controls (P less than 0.05) and a nonsignificant reduction in the rate of loss in all controls. The difference between the treated and strict controls in the second period was not significant but the difference between the treated and all controls in the second period was significant (P less than 0.025). When the analysis was applied only to women within 10 yr of menopause, the difference between the treated and strict control groups in period 2 was significant (P less than 0.025) and the difference between the treated and all controls was highly significant (P less than 0.001).

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1987

Paramagnetic complexes of manganese(II), iron(III), and gadolinium(III) as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. The influence of stability constants on the biodistribution of radioactive aminopolycarboxylate complexes.

Paramagnetic complexes of manganese(II), iron(III), and gadolinium(III) with many ligands appear to undergo ligand substitution in vivo, producing biodistribution data similar to the hydrated metal ions. To identify ligands likely to be valuable in the preparation of paramagnetic contrast agents, a series of aminopolycarboxylate complexes with stability constants increasing in the order iminodiacetic acid (IDA) less than nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) less than EDTA less than CDTA less than or equal to DTPA was prepared with 54Mn(II), 59Fe(III), and 153Gd(III) at both tracer and carrier levels. Biodistribution studies in mice suggested that complexes remained unchanged in vivo if their stability constants (K1) were approximately greater than 10(16) for Mn(II) and Gd(III) and greater than 10(22) for Fe(III) complexes at tracer levels. Metal complexes with added carrier appeared to be effectively more stable in vivo, possibly due to dissociation and saturation of metal-binding sites. To avoid the accumulation of metal ions in tissues, new paramagnetic contrast agents containing these metal ions will require stability constants equal to or greater than those identified here.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Thallium-201-technetium-99m subtraction scanning: its value in 50 cases of hyperparathyroidism submitted to surgery.

Parathyroid surgery was performed on 50 patients following thallium-technetium subtraction scanning. Parathyroid adenomata were correctly localized in 34 (83%). Of eight patients with hyperplastic glands, 15 (75%) of these glands were correctly localized. There were seven (17%) false negative scans and one (2%) false positive result. Thallium-technetium subtraction scanning is a valuable technique in the pre-operative assessment of patients with clinical evidence of hyperparathyroidism.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Tc-99m tertiary butyl isonitrile: a preliminary clinical study of a new myocardial imaging agent in patients with chest pain.

Tc-99m is a preferred agent for nuclear imaging. Tc-99m tertiary butyl isonitrile (Tc-99m-TBI) is the first of a family of lipophilic cations which allow effective imaging of the human myocardium. Twenty-one patients scheduled for coronary angiography for the investigation of their chest pain were studied after injections of this tracer given during exercise, and on a separate visit, at rest. Despite high uptake in the liver and transiently in the lungs, high quality gated images were obtained allowing the assessment of both myocardial uptake and wall motion. The findings corresponded closely with angiographic and ventriculographic assessment of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Redistribution of Tc-99m-TBI was shown to occur in ischemic myocardium analogous to that occurring with thallium-201 (TI-201). Similar agents with more favourable properties may well replace TI-201 as the myocardial imaging agent of choice in the near future.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of calcium, calcitriol, ovarian hormones and nandrolone in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Most therapy for osteoporosis has been aimed at decreasing bone resorption and is capable of preventing further bone loss. Recently, anabolic steroids have been claimed to cause increased bone mass in osteoporosis, but the mechanism for this effect is not understood. In this study calcium, and calcium with calcitriol, caused a slowing of forearm bone mineral loss. Calcium and ovarian hormones, with or without calcitriol, caused a small non-significant rise in forearm mineral density, and nandrolone decanoate 50 mg intramuscularly, every 2 or 3 weeks caused a significant rise in forearm mineral density (+15.9 +/- 2.4 mg/ml/yr and +13.7 +/- 3.4 mg/ml/yr, respectively). The 3-weekly regime caused few side effects and is considered the optimal dose. The striking rise in bone density in patients in whom bone resorption was controlled before therapy, suggests that anabolic steroids can increase the bone formation rate.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Forearm bone mineral content does not decline with age in premenopausal women.

Forearm densitometry was performed on 77 normal premenopausal women aged 22-59 years. Bone mineral content (BMC) (arbitrary units) was converted into true forearm mineral content (FMC) (mg/cm) by measuring and ashing a sample radius and ulna. FMC was divided by width to yield surface density (mg/cm2) and divided by cross-sectional area to yield forearm mineral density (FMD) (mg/ml). The coefficient of variation of FMC was 12.3%, which was reduced to 10.1% after correction for width and 10.9% after correction for area. FMC was significantly related to height, bone width, and bone area but not to weight. The correlation with height was lost when FMC was corrected for bone width or bone area. None of the measured or derived bone variables was significantly related to age. Neither total bone mass nor bone density declines with age in premenopausal women. A comparison of normal and osteoporotic women will be required to establish whether bone width or bone area is the best referent for forearm mineral content.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Solid and liquid gastric emptying in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux.

A dual isotope radionuclide technique has been used to assess solid and liquid gastric emptying simultaneously in 72 patients with symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux and 22 normal controls. Objective evidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux was obtained from standard acid reflux testing and/or endoscopy in all patients. Solid emptying was delayed in 32 patients (44 per cent), liquid emptying was delayed in 27 patients (37 per cent) and 16 of those two groups had delayed solid and liquid emptying. Thus 29 patients (40 per cent) had normal solid and liquid group (P less than 0.01). There was a significant correlation (P less than 0.01) between the solid and liquid gastric emptying values obtained in patients. No significant correlation was found between gastric emptying and the resting lower oesophageal sphincter pressure or the presence of symptoms of regurgitation and epigastric fullness. In the patients with delayed solid emptying there was a higher incidence of oesophagitis than in patients with normal emptying (P less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Acute and chronic effects of domperidone on gastric emptying in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

Gastric emptying was studied with a double radioisotopic method in 12 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by autonomic neuropathy and in 22 control subjects. In the diabetics, the acute and chronic effects of oral domperidone on gastric emptying, symptoms of gastroparesis, and glycemic control were assessed. Gastric emptying of solid and liquid was slower in diabetics than controls (P less than 0.001). Acute administration of domperidone increased the rate of both solid and liquid emptying (P less than 0.005). Domperidone was most effective in those patients with the greatest delay in gastric emptying. After chronic administration (35-51 days), domperidone had no significant effect on solid emptying (P greater than 0.05), but was still effective in increasing liquid emptying (P less than 0.025). Symptoms of gastroparesis were less after domperidone (P less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Is there an association between failed antireflux procedures and delayed gastric emptying?

Recurrence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms following antireflux surgery is a difficult clinical problem. Sixteen patients (6 men, 10 women; median age 59; range 33-75 years) with a positive endoscopy or pH-probe-assessed acid reflux and recurrence of reflux symptoms following a fundoplication underwent radionuclide solid and liquid gastric emptying studies. The median time between operation and gastric emptying study was 39 months (range 13-89 months). A control group of 21 patients (10 men, 11 women; median age 47; range 19-72 years) who had undergone a standard fundoplication was similarly studied 6 months following surgery. The per cent of solid remaining at 100 minutes in the stomach had a median value of 43% (range 5-89) in the control group. This was significantly less (p less than 0.0001) than in the failed operative group (median 66%, range 27-100). Similarly, the time taken for 50% of the liquid to leave the stomach had a median value of 13 minutes (range 8-27) in the control group; a value significantly less (p less than 0.01) than the failed operative group (median 18.5 min, range 2-60). It is not known whether the delayed emptying in the failed operative group is responsible for the failure of the antireflux surgery. However, delay in gastric emptying either before or after surgery may be of value in predicting patients likely to have poor outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The normal menstrual cycle has no effect on gastric emptying.

Recent studies have demonstrated that orocaecal transit time is prolonged both in the luteal phase of the ovulatory cycle in normal women and during pregnancy, but have made no attempt to differentiate between the individual effects of gastric emptying and small intestinal transit. We have assessed the effect of the normal menstrual cycle on gastric emptying of solids and liquids in 10 women, using a dual isotope scintigraphic technique. In each subject gastric emptying was measured on 2 days: first during the follicular phase (day 8-10) and then during the luteal phase (day 18-20) of one ovulatory menstrual cycle (where day 1 was the first day of menstrual bleeding). Measures of solid and liquid gastric emptying did not change significantly between the follicular and luteal phases indicating that the normal menstrual cycle has no effect on gastric emptying.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Gastric emptying after gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

Gastric emptying was studied in 11 patients who had undergone gastroplasty for morbid obesity 6 to 8 months previously and in 22 normal controls without gastrointestinal disease. A dual isotope technique for measuring solid and liquid emptying was used. Liquid emptying was slower in patients than controls. The emptying of solid was initially faster, but was followed by a prolonged slow rate of emptying indicating retention of solid food in the proximal partitioned pouch. There was no correlation between the weight loss produced by the operation and rates of solid or liquid emptying. Unlike gastric bypass, the changes in gastric emptying produced by gastroplasty were relatively small and gastric emptying rates in patients overlapped considerably with the range of emptying rates found in control subjects. The success of the procedure may depend on the induction of satiety by the filling of the partitioned pouch.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Changes in gastric emptying rates with age.

A dual isotope technique which measures simultaneously the emptying of solids and liquids by the stomach was used to study gastric emptying in 35 subjects in the age range 21-84 years, who were all fit, mobile volunteers and were not taking any drugs. Solid and liquid emptying were significantly slower in older subjects, but this finding is unlikely to be of clinical significance because the changes were small and emptying rates were usually within the normal range for younger subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effect of omeprazole on gastric emptying in patients with duodenal ulcer disease.

The effect of a single oral dose of omeprazole (90 mg) on gastric emptying was assessed with a dual isotope scintigraphic technique in eight patients with a history of duodenal ulcer disease. Omeprazole had no significant effect on solid or liquid gastric emptying. The bioavailability (AUC0-2 h) of omeprazole in all patients was greater than that required for total suppression of acid secretion. No adverse clinical or laboratory effects were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Correction for tissue attenuation in radionuclide gastric emptying studies: a comparison of a lateral image method and a geometric mean method.

Variation in depth of radionuclide within the stomach may result in a significant error in the measurement of gastric emptying if no attempt is made to correct for gamma-ray attenuation by the patient's tissues. In this study a method of attenuation correction, which uses a single posteriorly located scintillation camera and correction factors derived from a lateral image of the stomach, was compared with a two-camera geometric mean method, both in phantom studies and in five volunteer subjects. A meal of 100 g of ground beef containing 99Tcm-chicken liver, and 150 ml of water, was used in the in vivo studies. In all subjects the geometric mean data showed that solid food emptied in two phases: an initial lag period, followed by a linear emptying phase. Using the geometric mean data as a standard, the anterior camera overestimated the 50% emptying time (T50) by an average of 15% (range 5-18) and the posterior camera underestimated this parameter by 15% (4-22). The posterior data, corrected for attenuation using the lateral image method, underestimated the T50 by 2% (-7 to +7). The difference in the distances of the proximal and distal stomach from the posterior detector was large in all subjects (mean 5.7 cm, range 3.9-7.4). We conclude that attenuation effects may account for large errors in the measurement of gastric emptying with radionuclide methods and that the application of correction factors derived from a lateral image of the stomach reduces these errors.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Abnormalities of esophageal and gastric emptying in progressive systemic sclerosis.

Gastric and esophageal emptying were assessed using scintigraphic techniques in 12 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and 22 normal volunteers. Esophageal emptying was significantly delayed in the patient group, with 7 of the 12 patients beyond the normal range. Gastric emptying was slower in patients than in controls, with 9 patients being outside the normal range for solid emptying and 7 patients outside the normal range for liquid emptying. Findings from gastric and esophageal emptying tests generally correlated well with symptoms of dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux. However, 2 patients with normal emptying studies had symptomatic heartburn, and 2 patients with delay of both solid and liquid gastric emptying gave no history of gastroesophageal reflux. Delayed gastric emptying may be an important factor in the development of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis.

Adult↗