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Biomedical subjects

B E Kendall

Publications and source records attributed to B E Kendall.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

MRI in chronic spinal cord trauma.

Eighty-seven patients aged 16-68 years have been examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following spinal injury. The MRI findings have been correlated with length of history between trauma and investigation, extent of residual function and site of injury. They include changes at the site of injury consistent with myelomalacia in 37%, a syrinx in 40%, persistent cord compression in 32% and atrophy in 18%. An extensive syrinx can develop within 2 months of injury and it is nearly twice as common in patients with complete paralysis as in those whose paralysis was incomplete. It is suggested that investigation and management of spinal trauma should include early and repeated MRI examinations to detect sequelae at an early stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Does myodil introduced for ventriculography lead to symptomatic lumbar arachnoiditis?

Although there is a substantial body of evidence implicating Myodil or Pantopaque as a cause of lumbar arachnoiditis, assessment of the clinically based evidence is complicated by the additional potentially causative factors present in a high proportion of cases. These include pre-existing spinal pathology, traumatic lumbar puncture and surgery. The aim of this retrospective study was to attempt to ascertain whether Myodil introduced via ventricular catheter was associated with subsequent development of symptomatic lumbar arachnoiditis. In 222 patients in whom clinical records were reviewed there was no excess of back pain following ventriculography compared to the general population. Myodil ventriculography does not appear to be a major cause of symptomatic lumbar arachnoiditis. Several unavoidable problems with the methodology of this study are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Floating Myodil--a new sign of fat in the ventricles.

A case in which a remarkable series of CT studies demonstrated a dermoid cyst is reported. There was leakage of fat into the ventricular system which caused hydrocephalus due to adhesions partly obstructing the fourth ventricular outlets. The latter was confirmed by a ventriculogram using Myodil which dissolved in, or combined with, the fat produced by the tumour. This resulted in a high attenuation substance of lower specific gravity than CSF, which appeared to cause acute ventriculitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Xenon enhancement for computed tomography of the spinal cord.

The spinal cord is not consistently shown by plain computed tomography or with iodide enhancement. Xenon enhancement increases the attenuation of the spinal cord and visualization is improved considerably; fluid-filled cavities, including syringohydromyelia, do not enhance and are clearly defined.

Cysts↗
PubMed1979

Pituitary adenoma and orbital haemangioma: a case report.

A 43-year-old woman with a pituitary tumour had unexplained right proptosis. Orbital x-rays and ultrasound were normal, but computed tomography showed an intraconal tumour, which had typical features of a cavernous haemangioma on carotid angiography. Both tumours were resected and confirmed histologically.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1979

Difficulties in diagnosis of supratentorial gliomas by CAT scan.

The false positive and false negative computed tomography diagnoses of glioma made using an EMI 1010 machine on a consecutive series of patients seen over a period of two years are recorded. About 1.5% of gliomas were not detected on initial CAT scan, 6.5% were misdiagnosed as benign lesions, and in 6.5% of the cases identified as glioma a non-malignant condition was subsequently diagnosed.

Brain↗
PubMed1979

The CT scanner in posterior fossa tumours of childhood.

Eighty-five consecutive posterior fossa tumours occurring in children and detected by computed tomography (CT) were submitted to detailed analysis. There was only one false positive diagnosis, which would have been avoided with present knowledge, and no known false negative diagnoses during the same period. In most cases the histological type of the tumour could be reliably predicted. CT was less accurate for determining the anatomical extent of the lesions but tumours arising in the brainstem could always be distinguished from those predominantly affecting the fourth ventricle and cerebellum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Iodide and xenon enhancement of computed tomography (CT) in multiple sclerosis (MS).

The characteristic findings on computed tomography (CT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) are discussed. In a series of 49 cases plain CT was normal in 21 (43%), cerebral atrophy alone was present in 17 (35%) and plaques were visible in 11 (23%). These were most often adjacent to the lateral ventricles (14 plaques) and in the parietal white matter (10 plaques). CT was performed after the intravenous administration of iodide in 16 of these cases. Three of the low attenuation and three additional isodense lesions enhanced. Two patients with low attenuation plaques were scanned with xenon enhancement; the plaques absorbed less xenon than the corresponding contralateral brain substance and additional, previously isodense plaques were revealed. In one case the white matter absorbed much less xenon than normal and its uptake relative to grey matter was reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The value of computed tomography in the evaluation of the enlarged head.

The contribution of computed tomography (CT) in the assessment of macrocrania has been examined with reference to a consecutive series of 93 cases. In the great majority a definitive diagnosis could be made without resorting to more noxious procedures. Hydrocephalus was present in 46% of this group. The incidence of macrocrania with childhood hydrocephalus and its relationship to the aetiology and other CT features was examined with reference to 109 consecutive cases with hydrocephalus shown on CT. Macrocrania was present in only 11% of cases with an underlying tumour, but in 71% with other obstructing lesions.

Arachnoid↗
PubMed1978

Xenon enhancement in tumours and infarcts.

Computed topography (CT) before and during xenon enhancement and computer subtraction has been performed in 11 patients with intracerebral tumours and 7 with ischaemic lesions. The amount of xenon uptake was expressed where possible as a percentage of that in the corresponding region of the contralateral apparently normal hemisphere. The amount of xenon uptake did not appear to be specific for any particular tumour histology. The margins of tumours were better defined during enhancement, but not to a degree which affected management; large cysts did not enhance and were well demonstrated. Cavities due to mature infarcts did not enhance and the central parts of most large recent infarcts showed markedly diminished enhancement. In recent infarcts delayed xenon uptake at the periphery and sometimes throughout the lesion reflects diminished perfusion of potentially viable tissue. One patient with an ischaemic parietal lesion in which xenon uptake was normal made a complete clinical recovery.

Brain↗
PubMed1978

Cranial computed tomography in leukaemia.

The computed tomograms performed on a series of 41 patients during the course of prolonged treatment for acute leukaemia were reviewed. Thirty-one of these cases were referred for some neurological disturbance, the remainder for routine assessment. Abnormalities were present in 59%. In two cases there were leukaemic deposits, four were due to infection and four to necrotising leucoencephalopathy. Diffuse cerebral swelling occurred in three patients, and ventricular dilatation in 15, associated with enlarged cortical sulci in 13. The relationship of these findings to drug therapy is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Angiographically occult arteriovenous malformations of the brain.

Six patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations which did not show any pathological circulation at angiography are described. Computed tomogram appearances of such lesions may be difficult to distinguish from tumours. The need for surgical exploration in localised high attenuation lesions of uncertain nature is stressed, and the literature is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis: an evaluation of the changes demonstrated on computed tomography.

Five female patients, all either on contraceptive medication or in the postpartum period, with angiographically confirmed superior sagittal sinus thrombosis have been scanned. CAT appearances are nonspecific, but when taken in conjuction with the symptoms should suggest the possible diagnosis. The most consistent appearance was of diffuse cerebral swelling with subsequent return to normal. Bilateral low attenuation lesions with haemorrhagic areas were noted in one patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Diagnosis of subdural haematoma by computed axial tomography: use of xenon inhalation for contrast enhancement.

A subdural haematoma is described in which a definite computed tomographic (CT) scan diagnosis was made only after contrast enhancement had been achieved by the inhalation of xenon. The different types of enhancement obtained with iodide containing contrast media and with xenon are discussed. The use of xenon to obtain further information in conditions which are inadequately elucidated by conventional CT must be balanced against its anaesthetic effects and relatively high cost.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1978

Radiological findings in neurosarcoidosis.

The radiological investigation of neurosarcoidosis is discussed in relation to a series of 32 patients presenting to a neurological hospital. Cranial computed axial tomography, performed in 13 of these cases, was the most frequently positive procedure (77%). The indications for air studies are now limited but in cases with nerve or chiasmal syndromes and negative CAT they may show small mass lesions, or incomplete filling of basal cisterns due to granulomatous infiltration or fibrosis. Sarcoid masses are avascular and angiography is only useful for exclusion of incidental tumours with pathological circulation. Cord syndromes were present in eight cases, but myelography was only indicated in five of these and was normal in three. The cord may be involved by intra-medullary granulomas or meningeal infiltration causing arachnoiditis, both of which cause myelographic abnormalities though these are not specific for sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The value of computer axial tomography (CAT) in cranio-cerebral malformations.

Cranio-cerebral malformations commonly present in three ways: (1) with a visible structural defect; (2) with symptoms of neurological abnormalities but without evidence of raised intracranial pressure; (3) with macrocephaly or signs of raised intracranial pressure. The large contribution made by computed axial tomography to the diagnosis and management of these cases is discussed in relation to a series of 217 patients. Invasive studies were performed in only 55 cases mainly to obtain further anatomical information prior to surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography in spontaneous intracerebral haematomas.

The typical computed tomographic (CT) features of a recent intracerebral haematoma are a homogenous region of increased attenuation surrounded by a well demarcated relatively narrow low attenuation ring (LAR). The pathology of the LAR is controversial, but it corresponds well with a zone of ischaemic necrosis which is observed around most intracerebral haematomas exmined at autopsy. Observations are made on spontaneous intracerebral haematomas and on blood samples which confirm that extravasated blood clot undergoes a variable degree of retraction which is completed within six hours. This suggests that the LAR in recent haematoma is due to damage caused by the greater volume of the precontracted haemorrhage on the surrounding brain. CT abnormalities in intracerebral haematomas were studied; features which were useful in distinguishing spontaneous haematomas and those which affected prognosis are discussed.

Adolescent↗