Reactions of asbestos-exposed workers to notification and screening.
In the wake of efforts to pass legislation mandating notification of workers at high risk of developing occupational disease, considerable controversy exists regarding the potential costs and benefits of such notification efforts. It has been suggested that individual notification would cause undue psychological distress, especially when primary prevention efforts are no longer possible. In this study, we assessed reactions of asbestos-exposed workers to a letter notifying them of their risk for asbestos-related illnesses and the availability of a medical screening program. Two hundred forty-seven workers who attended the screening program and 53 who chose not to attend completed a questionnaire that tapped reactions to notification. Workers reported neither undue psychological distress nor avoidance behavior in response to notification, and many respondents reported engaging in active and appropriate coping behaviors. Workers who first learned of their risk through the notification letter (33.7%) were no more likely to report distress or denial than were workers who had learned previously through other sources. Individuals who chose not to attend the screening program were less likely than attenders to report experiencing distress upon learning of their risk status, more likely to engage in minimization of risk, and less likely to have taken direct action. Our results suggest that the psychological costs of notifying workers of increased risk for asbestos-related illness appear to be outweighed by the benefits of notification and screening.