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Biomedical subjects

B E Moore

Publications and source records attributed to B E Moore.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Spectrum of biological properties of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) isolates.

In vitro assessment of biological properties of 14 independent isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was performed in order to gain insight into the spectrum of behavioral diversity of HIV-1s and to attempt to identify phenotypic traits that may be eventually correlated with in vivo pathogenesis. All of these biologically cloned isolates were found to spread very slowly in most cell cultures, requiring 8-10 weeks for virus to spread from a few infected cells to around 10(5) cells. If viral synergistic activity was also present, as in HTLV-1-infected cells, HIV-1 spread was greatly accelerated. The isolates varied in their cellular tropisms, having as much as 100,000-fold difference in their tropisms for various human CD4-positive cell lines. Several HIV isolates were dual-tropic for both T and promonocytic cells, but some of these isolates did not readily infect U937 promonocytes while readily infecting THP-1 promonocytes. Both the slow spread and extreme tropisms of HIV-1 isolates have practical implications for titering HIVs and for initiating any studies examining the interaction between a given isolate and any given cell. Some isolates did not score readily by reverse transcriptase assays while others did and this did not reflect the amount of infectious virus produced. These findings raise questions about the reliability of HIV quantitation by RT assay. The HIV isolates further varied in their ability to kill and/or fuse cells, whereas some induced cytopathology more efficiently in a given cell line than others, even though the latter appeared to replicate as well. Finally, most isolates killed cells without syncytia formation, demonstrating that cell-to-cell fusion is a minor mechanism of cytopathology. The properties observed for each HIV isolate appeared to be stable phenotypes for that virus and the diversity of biological behavior raises the possibility that independent HIV isolates may differ in their virulence properties in vivo as well.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1990

Effect of vitamin E, phosphorus and sorbitol on growth performance and serum and tissue cholesterol concentrations in the pig.

A total of 180 crossbred, weanling pigs were assigned to five dietary treatment groups: 1) a basal corn-soybean meal diet formulated to current NRC recommendations, 2) basal + monosodium phosphate (2 x NRC P recommendations; P), 3) basal + alpha-tocopheryl acetate (220 IU/kg; E), 4) basal + sorbitol (1% of the diet; S) and 5) basal + PES. Dietary treatments were continued until market weight (104 kg). Blood samples were obtained at 3-wk intervals for analysis of serum alpha-tocopherol, P and total cholesterol. Liver and muscle (semimembranosus) samples were obtained at the end of the starter, grower and finisher phases for determination of total cholesterol concentration. The Ca:P imbalance produced by the high-phosphorus diets (P and PES) increased feed intake during the finisher phase. Dietary treatment did not consistently affect total serum cholesterol at any phase of growth. A transient 21.5% (P less than .05) depression of liver cholesterol concentration was observed in the PES-fed pigs at the end of the starter phase but was not apparent at market weight. A similar trend (nonsignificant) was noted for muscle cholesterol concentration. The present study suggests that the PES diet can decrease tissue cholesterol concentration during the nursery phase, but it remains uncertain whether this transient response is a function of age and(or) diet transition at weaning. Further research is necessary to determine whether this response can be translated to the finishing phase, and thereby reduce carcass cholesterol.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Expression of the c-rel and c-myc proto-oncogenes in avian tissues.

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV-T) transforms very immature avian lymphoid cells and induces a rapidly fatal lymphoma. The viral oncogene, v-rel, encodes a 59 kDa phosphoprotein which is complexed with cellular proteins in the cytosol of REV-T transformed lymphoid cell lines. The proto-oncogene, c-rel, has been highly conserved among both vertebrate and invertebrate species. The expression of both the c-rel and c-myc protoncogenes was characterized during avian development. Two distinct rel-related transcripts were detected. A 4.0kb mRNA was the principal transcript expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin with highest levels detected in bursa, thymus, and spleen tissue obtained from hatched birds. Relatively low levels of this 4.0 kb transcript were detected in nonhematopoietic tissues. Thus, the distribution of this mRNA correlated with the presence of target cells for transformation by v-rel. The 4.0 kb c-rel transcript had a half-life of nearly 2 h in an avian lymphoid cell line. A second rel-related transcript was identified in the ovary of young hens and appeared to be expressed either in primary oocytes or in the developing follicle. This 2.6 kb c-rel mRNA was detected at substantially lower levels in cells of hematopoietic origin. Using radiolabeled RNA probes, the 2.6 kb c-rel transcript was not detected in liver, brain, testes, or muscle. The c-myc proto-oncogene was also expressed in cells of hematopoietic tissue and ova obtained from hatched birds. While intermediate RNA levels were observed in muscle and liver cells, the c-myc gene was not expressed in avian testes.

Actins↗
PubMed1979

Method of soil column preparation for the evaluation of viral transport.

A method for packing soil columns to investigate viral transport phenomena is described. The columns were 10 cm in diameter and ranged from 33 to 100 cm in length. Field conditions of the soil, including bulk density and profile, were reproduced in columns. Ionic gradients resulting from sequential applications of wastewater and distilled water affected the movement of poliovirus I (Chat) through soil. Compared with 33-cm- and 66-cm-length columns, lower concentrations of infectious virions were observed in the percolates from 100-cm soil columns. These results may be attributed to the greater pore volume in the longer columns (the greater volume of soil contained in these columns), whereas the volume of liquid applied was constant for all columns.

Microbiological Techniques↗
PubMed1979

Procedure for the recovery of airborne human enteric viruses during spray irrigation of treated wastewater.

Because of the relatively low number of indigenous enteric viruses recovered from secondary wastewater effluents, their presence in air (aerosols) as a result of wastewater spray irrigation requires extensive sampling. Methodology to allow the recovery of indigenous enteroviruses from aerosols generated at an operational wastewater irrigation site was tested under both laboratory and field conditions.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1976

Poliovirus survival and movement in a sandy forest soil.

Movement of poliovirus I (Chat) through nonsterile core samples of a sandy forest soil was monitored, using several regimens of loading with either dechlorinated final effluent from an operating activated sludge treatment plant or distilled water. Stimulated cycles of rainfall and effluent applications, resulting in ionic gradients, were shown to affect virus movement. Such studies indicate that poliovirus applied in effluents may move considerable distances through this soil after rainfall. Survival of poliovirus in the soil at 4 and 20 C has been monitored for 84 days. During this period, the capacity of the virus to migrate is unchanged.

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration↗