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Biomedical subjects

B E Roos

Publications and source records attributed to B E Roos.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Sleep disturbances in patients with asthma.

The prevalence of sleep complaints and sleep disturbances was studied prospectively in 98 consecutive adult asthmatic patients (mean age 45 years, 46% men) attending an out-patient clinic by means of questionnaires and sleep diaries. The results were compared with those from an age- and sex-matched group of 226 healthy individuals. The most common sleep disturbances among the asthmatic patients were early morning awakening (51%), difficulty in maintaining sleep (DMS; 44%) and daytime sleepiness (44%). With decreasing asthma control (i.e. increased number of acute asthmatic attacks) there was an increase of DMS, nocturnal wakefulness, nocturnal breathing problems and bronchodilator inhalations at night. A decrease in estimated sleep time (P less than 0.05) and increase in nocturnal wakefulness (P less than 0.05) was seen with decreasing daytime FEV1--measured as percentage of the predicted value (%FEV1). There was also significant correlation between increasing age and decreasing %FEV1 (P less than 0.01). Among the 26 patients who were only taking one oral bronchodilator, no definite difference regarding sleep quality was found between those treated with theophylline and those taking an oral beta 2-agonist. The prevalence rates of DIS, DMS and daytime sleepiness were about twice as high among the asthmatic patients than in the healthy population. It is concluded that impaired quality of sleep, with disturbed sleep during the night, early morning awakenings and daytime sleepiness, is common among patients with bronchial asthma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

The prevalence of insomnia: the importance of operationally defined criteria.

Previous studies on the prevalence of sleep disturbances have shown that insomnia occurs in 3.2-42% of different populations. The wide reported variation in prevalence prompted a rigorous definition of insomnia to be introduced in this study. Randomly selected members of the population aged 30 to 65 years from two geographically different rural parts of central Sweden answered a sleep questionnaire. The response rates were 69.2% and 70.2%, respectively. Females significantly more often reported difficulty in falling asleep (7.1% of the women and 5.1% of the men). Among women 8.9 and among men 7.7% of individuals reported trouble with nocturnal awakenings. Using a stringently defined concept of insomnia as a disorder of initiating sleep (DIS), the prevalence rate of insomnia among women was 1.1% and among men 0.5%. Defining insomnia as a disorder of maintaining sleep (DMS), the prevalence among both women and men was 1.1%. Defining insomnia as a disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS), the prevalence rate was 1.7% among women and 1.4% among men. This prevalence, which is lower than previously reported, demonstrate the importance of an operational definition of insomnia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of propiomazine on the EEG sleep of normal subjects.

The effects of 25 mg propiomazine were examined in ten healthy volunteers in a sleep laboratory setting. A significant decrease in sleep latency and a corresponding decrement in subjectively assessed sleep latency was found during drug treatment. The distribution of the different sleep stages was affected to a relatively small extent. Some evidence for a suppression of REM-sleep in the early part of the treatment period was found. Based on subjective assessment, the subjects rated their sleep quality as significantly improved during treatment. Ratings of "drowsiness in the morning" were not different during baseline and drug treatment, but there was a significant decrease at withdrawal.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The effects of chlormethiazole in EEG recorded sleep in normal elderly volunteers.

Chlormethiazole has sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties, and is used in the treatment of sleep disorders and confusion in the elderly. In this study we examined the effects of chlormethiazole on EEG recorded sleep in six normal volunteers aged 67-74 years. After baseline registration, chlormethiazole (base), 384 mg p.o. (i.e. 2 capsules), was administered during 5 nights followed by one withdrawal registration. Sleep latency decreased from 52 to 27 min during the treatment period (P less than 0.01) and increased to 57 min during withdrawal. Wakeful periods during sleep decreased from 106 to 62 min during the treatment period and increased during withdrawal to 104 min (P less than 0.001). The sleep efficiency improved slightly during chlormethiazole treatment. The distribution of the sleep stages was essentially unaffected by chlormethiazole. According to subjective assessment the subjects rated their ability to fall asleep and their sleep quality as significantly better during the drug period. Based on sleep recordings and subjective ratings, there was no evidence of rebound insomnia on withdrawal. Psychoperformance tests revealed no evidence of hangover effects.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Uncoupler-accelerated efflux of 5-hydroxytryptamine from platelets of healthy subjects and patients with unipolar and bipolar depression.

The efflux of 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) from platelets of 25 depressed patients (16 unipolar and 9 bipolar) and 22 control subjects was studied in the presence of carbamyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (FCCP), which dissipates H+ gradients. FCCP (0.31 microM), at 10 minutes' incubation time, enhanced the efflux of 14C-5HT to a significantly higher extent from platelets of patients with bipolar depression than from platelets of control subjects. An analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between the diagnostic categories (unipolar, bipolar, and control) and sex in accounting for variation of the FCCP-evoked efflux. The diagnostic category X sex effect was also significant. The results reported indicate that the FCCP-evoked efflux of 5HT is an easily measured biochemical parameter of possible diagnostic interest.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Nomifensine and amitriptyline in the treatment of depression. A multi-centre double-blind comparison.

Nomifensine, an antidepressive agent acting like a dopamine agonist, was investigated in a randomized double-blind comparison with amitriptyline in 29 patients fulfilling the RDC criteria for major depression. The dosage was 150 mg daily in both treatment groups. Assessments were made at weekly intervals for 6 weeks with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. No significant difference could be demonstrated between the two drugs in overall therapeutic efficiency, and only one item, Fatiguability, differed significantly in favour of amitriptyline. Physical and laboratory variables showed no statistically significant differences. Neither drug elicited serious unwanted effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human brain in relation to age, drug influence, agonal status and circadian variation.

The post-mortem brain concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in 16 parts of the brain from patients with no history of neurologic, psychiatric or metabolic illness. The causes of death were either ischemic heart disease, infections disease, cancer or accidents. Forty-two men with a mean age of 57 years (range 18-95 years) and 19 women with a mean age of 62 years (range 23-79 years) were included. The influence of several factors were studied: brain weight, time between death and autopsy, storage time before chemical analysis, age, sex, agonal status, cerebral arteriosclerosis, cancer, opiate treatment and time of death during the day. Most correlations between the 5-HT concentrations in different brain parts were positive, the strongest correlations in the basal ganglia and the limbic system. No consistent pattern of age-related 5-HT changes were found. The females had significantly higher 5-HIAA concentrations in the cortex of the gyrus hippocampus. Final hypoxia seemed to decrease 5-HT concentrations. Opiate treatment reduced 5-HT and increased 5-HIAA concentrations. A marked circadian variation of 5-HT was found, most pronounced in the hypothalamus, the limbic system and some neocortical areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Post-mortem distribution of dopamine and homovanillic acid in human brain, variations related to age, and a review of the literature.

The post-mortem brain concentrations of dopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were determined in 16 parts of the brain from patients with no history of neurologic or psychiatric illness. Fifteen men and nine women, with a mean age of 61.0 +/- 18.7 years (range 23--92 years) were included. They had died from either ischaemic heart disease or cancer. In the post-mortem investigation several factors were controlled: age, time between death and autopsy, time between autopsy and chemical analysis and storage time (-20 degrees C). The DA concentrations in the different brain areas were found to be positively intercorrelated, especially those in the basal ganglia, hippocampus and the mesencephalon. The HVA concentrations measured in various cortical structures were also positively intercorrelated. In several regions of the brain there was a significant inverse correlation between the DA and HVA concentrations. The DA and HVA concentrations did not differ according to sex, but age had a marked influence on the DA concentration. Significant decrease with age was observed in the nucleus caudatus, globus pallidus, mesencephalon, hippocampus and in the cortex gyrus hippocampus. These findings are discussed in relation to the effect of aging neurons. A review of human post-mortem investigations on DA and HVA concentrations is also presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Monoamines and monoamine metabolites in brains from demented schizophrenics.

The brains from 12 schizophrenic patients were investigated post-mortem for their content of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA). Six of the schizophrenics had been lobotomized 25--30 years prior to death. A control group matched for age was collected in the autopsy room. The concentrations of NA, DA, and HVA in different parts of the brain from the schizophrenic group did not differ from those of the controls. 5-HT was determined in 11 nuclei or areas of the brain. The schizophrenic group had lower mean values compared with the controls, and in the hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and hippocampus the difference was at a significant level. 5-HIAA was determined in six areas of the brain but only in a few cases. There was a trend towards lower means of 5-HIAA in the schizophrenics. Cause of death, medication, food intake, age, time between death and autopsy, time the corpses have lain in room temperature, and dissection technique are discussed in relation to these findings. These variables have to be kept under careful control before changes can be claimed as having pathogenetic importance for schizophrenia or for the progressing dementia in this disease.

Brain↗
PubMed1979

Changes in the brain catecholamines in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type.

Brain monoamine concentrations were determined post mortem in 19 patients with dementia of Alzheimer type. Samples were taken from 10 parts of the brain and compared with an age-matched control group. There were lower mean concentrations of dopamine in the demented group of patients in seven regions of the brain, and two of these were at a significant level. There were also significantly lower concentrations of homovanillic acid in the nucleus caudatus and in the putamen. The means of the concentrations of noradrenaline were also lower, and in the putamen and the cortex gyrus frontalis significant differnces were observed. The 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations were slightly lower in the demented group but the differences did not reach significance. The degree of intellectual deterioration was negatively correlated with the noradrenaline concentrations in the hypothalamus and the cortex gyrus cinguli.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Monoamine metabolite levels in cerebrospinal fluid and brain atrophy in lobotomized schizophrenic patients.

Baseline concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and MHPG in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined in 67 lobotomized and 30 non-lobotomized patients with chronic schizophrenia. In addition, in 69 of these patients the degree of brain atrophy was assessed by a pneumoencephalographic (PEG) technique. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of the monoamine metabolites in the CSF between the two patient groups studied despite the fact that the group of lobotomized schizophrenics had significantly more central and cortical brain atrophy than the group of nonlobotomized schizophrenic patients. The amine metabolite levels were also unrelated to the subtype of schizophrenia, duration of illness, or degree of mental incapacitation.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1977

[Terminal care].

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Attitude to Death↗