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Biomedical subjects

B E Stöffelmayr

Publications and source records attributed to B E Stöffelmayr.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the Brief Symptom Inventory among substance abusers.

The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) is a multidimensional measure of psychological and somatic distress that is used to obtain detailed symptom profiles. The BSI has been questioned regarding its ability to differentiate among its proposed nine dimensions, and the factor structure underlying the BSI has not been confirmed with substance abusers. Exploratory factor analyses were completed on substance abusers (ntotal = 453; nwomen = 121; nmen = 332); nine factors were not identified. Five models were then submitted to confirmatory factor analyses using an independent sample of substance abusers (ntotal = 456; nwomen = 127; nmen = 329). A one-factor model (i.e., global psychological distress) best represented the data. Implications for using the BSI in research and counseling are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Improving residents' confidence in using psychosocial skills.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an intensive training program's effects on residents' confidence in their ability in, anticipation of positive outcomes from, and personal commitment to psychosocial behaviors. DESIGN: Controlled randomized study. SETTING: A university- and community-based primary care residency training program. PARTICIPANTS: 26 first-year residents in internal medicine and family practice. INTERVENTION: The residents were randomly assigned to a control group or to one-month intensive training centered on psychosocial skills needed in primary care. MEASUREMENTS: Questionnaires measuring knowledge of psychosocial medicine, and self-confidence in, anticipation of positive outcomes from, and personal commitment to five skill areas: psychological sensitivity, emotional sensitivity, management of somatization, and directive and nondirective facilitation of patient communication. RESULTS: The trained residents expressed higher self-confidence in all five areas of psychosocial skill (p < 0.03 for all tests), anticipated more positive outcomes for emotional sensitivity (p = 0.05), managing somatization (p = 0.03), and nondirectively facilitating patient communication (p = 0.02), and were more strongly committed to being emotionally sensitive (p = 0.055) and managing somatization (p = 0.056), compared with the untrained residents. The trained residents also evidenced more knowledge of psychosocial medicine than did the untrained residents (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Intensive psychosocial training improves residents' self-confidence in their ability regarding key psychosocial behaviors and increases their knowledge of psychosocial medicine. Training also increases anticipation of positive outcomes from and personal commitment to some, but not all, psychosocial skills.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1994

Program factors influencing client satisfaction in alcohol treatment.

There is little documentation about how the union of self-help and professional treatment services influences client treatment satisfaction. This study examines the relationship of treatment characteristics indicative of program size, staffing patterns, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) influence, and staff recovery status to client satisfaction. Thirty-six public substance abuse treatment programs participated in this study. At outpatient programs, satisfaction was related to program size, and the number of paraprofessional and medical staff; satisfaction was unrelated to AA influence on treatment. For residential clients, AA influence on treatment and AA beliefs held by staff were consistently related to satisfaction; factors related to program size and staffing patterns were independent of satisfaction. The results question the appropriateness of self-help interventions in all settings, and emphasize contextual differences in outpatient and residential programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A work-site weight management program to reinforce behavior.

This pilot weight management project addresses the efficacy of reinforcing dietary behavior change versus weight loss. This 6-month program served professional and support staff participating in the work-site wellness program at a midwestern university. Behavior-contingent program data were compared with data from the previous model where contracts were made for weight loss. In the behavior-contingent program, dropout rate and satisfaction with the program compared favorably with the old model weight loss-contingent program. Contract adherence was 93% compared with 74% in the weight loss-contingent program. Actual pounds of weight lost were lower in the behavior-contingent program, however, long-term weight management must still be studied with this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Gender differences in depression and anxiety among alcoholics.

Recent research suggests that psychopathology, in particular depression and anxiety, differentially affects the substance abuse treatment response of men and women. This study explores the relationship between global psychopathology, depression, anxiety, and alcoholism treatment outcome. These variables were assessed in a sample of 507 (373 men; 134 women) substance abuse clients at intake and at a 6-month follow-up. With the exception of alcohol dependence, there were significant differences in the levels of alcohol problems, depression, anxiety, and global psychopathology for men and women at both intake and follow-up. For the whole sample and for men, initial levels of alcohol problems and alcohol dependence were the best predictors of alcohol problems at follow-up. For women, the initial levels of alcohol dependence and a global measure of psychological functioning were predictive of outcome at follow-up. These findings are compared with past research, and suggestions for further investigation are proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The perceptions of program directors and clients regarding the efficacy of methadone treatment.

A statewide sample of regional coordinators, program directors, and clients associated with opiate addiction treatment programs revealed their biases and expectations regarding the efficacy of methadone as a form of treatment. Methadone and drug-free program directors held consistent beliefs about treatment except the efficacy of methadone. Prior methadone clients currently in drug-free programs were skeptical of the methadone treatment, unlike clients currently in methadone treatment. The data reveal differences of opinions across the levels of the treatment system represented in the survey. In policy decisions, the need to consider empirical evidence in addition to personal opinions is emphasized, if consensus is ever to be realized.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The longitudinal stability of the Addiction Severity Index.

The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) is a structured interview widely used by substance abuse clinicians and researchers for client screening, determining treatment needs, and assessing treatment outcomes. Previous researchers have evaluated inter-rater agreement, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity. The present report describes the stability of ASI scores in longitudinal work. In the context of an ongoing treatment outcome evaluation study involving seven assessors, inter-rater agreement, inter-rater reliability, as well as intra- and inter-rater accuracy were assessed repeatedly during a 2-year period. The results show the scores derived from the ASI to be stable across assessors and over time. The relationship between stable scores and resources required for training are discussed.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of recovery status and education on addiction counselors' approach to treatment.

The goal of this study is to examine the influence of education and recovery status on substance abuse treatment counselors' approach to patients. Three hundred forty-four drug abuse and alcoholism treatment counselors were questioned about treatment goals. A subgroup of 197 were also questioned about treatment practices. The influences of education and recovery status on the choice of treatment goals and treatment practices were examined through structural modeling procedures. Level of education influenced neither treatment goals nor techniques. Being in recovery, however, was associated with more varied treatment techniques and a broader range of treatment goals. The other variable related to treatment goals and practices was treatment modality. Working in residential programs was linked to a wider range of treatment goals and treatment practices. Implications of these findings for counselor training and the movement to professionalize substance abuse treatment are discussed.

Counseling↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Issues related to participation in worksite health promotion: a preliminary study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics associated with participation in worksite-based health promotion activities. DESIGN: Follow-up interviews were used to identify demographic, attitudinal, and behavioral differences among three employee groups. Reasons employees chose not to participate in health promotion activities were also explored. SETTING: All respondents were employed at a large midwestern university and were eligible to participate in free onsite health fairs and health promotion programs. SUBJECTS: A stratified random sample of 89 nonparticipants, health fair participants, and behavior change program participants was interviewed. MEASURES: The interview was comprised of questions related to demographic information, personal health habits, physical activity, perceived health status, perceived self-efficacy, worksite norms, health promoting lifestyle factors, and knowledge about health promotion activities. RESULTS: ANOVA and chi-squared comparisons revealed few group differences. Graduate students and employees with advanced degrees were most likely to take part in health fairs. Behavior change program participants were older, clerical-technical staff members, and women. Faculty members were least likely to participate. A lack of time was the most often cited reason for nonparticipation. CONCLUSIONS: The study was retrospective and the analyses limited due to low statistical power. The results suggest that different groups of employees are attracted to different types of health promotion activities.

Adult↗