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Biomedical subjects

B Edman

Publications and source records attributed to B Edman.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

A study on expert reading of patch test reactions: inter-individual accordance.

To diagnose allergic or irritant contact dermatitis, a clinically relevant contact allergy has to be demonstrated or ruled out, respectively. Although patch testing has been used for 100 years, it remains the method of choice for diagnosing contact allergy. A disadvantage of patch testing is that reading is subjective, based on inspection and palpation of the test area, implying that the assessment is subject to the reader's knowledge and experience. This study was carried out to investigate the accordance in reading patch test reactions between 5 dermatologists. 4 groups, each with 10 patients, participated. Within each group, all 10 were allergic to one and the same sensitizer; nickel, epoxy resin, ethylenediamine, or Kathon CG. The sensitizers were tested in serial dilutions and applied randomly to the back. The tests were read independently by the dermatologists in a blinded fashion. A protocol was used where the dermatologists had to note the presence of the morphological features erythema, infiltration, papules, vesicles, and bullae. In this way, it was possible to allocate the various readings into 4 classification systems, 3 European and one American, although the definition of the various classifications might differ slightly. Based on the readings and classifications, it was possible to calculate the degree of accordance within the 4 systems used. It was also possible to analyze the degree of accordance for the various morphological features. Total accordance for the 5 reading dermatologists for positive and negative test reactions was noted in 36% and 46%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Clinical relevance of contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate.

BACKGROUND: In our routinely patch tested patients with dermatitis gold was shown to be the second most common sensitizer. In most patients it was difficult to explain the source of sensitization to gold and to see any clinical relevance. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to elucidate the clinical relevance of contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate. METHODS: A questionnaire on gold exposure and gold sensitivity was answered by 156 consecutive patients with dermatitis. In another group of 1056 routinely tested patients data were collected and analyzed regarding factors such as profession, atopy, localization of the dermatitis, and presence of contact allergies. RESULTS: Gold allergy was overrepresented in those having dental gold. In persons with contact allergy to gold a dermatitis on the ears, fingers, or eye area was most frequent. CONCLUSION: Exposure to gold jewelry and to dental gold may be important in the sensitization and elicitation of dermatitis.

Allergens↗
PubMed1994

The influence of shaving method on perfume allergy.

Among men, the most frequent contact allergens are perfumes (fragrance mix and balsam of Peru). Considering that the main cause of nickel allergy is ear-piercing, shaving with a razor blade might be the cause of perfume contact allergy, by creating small wounds that increase the penetration of applied perfume substances derived from soaps, shaving foams and after-shave lotions. 19 males with contact allergy to fragrance mix and/or to balsam of Peru were interviewed about their shaving habits by letter. 17 responded (89%), of whom 12 (71%) had been using razor blades continuously for a period of at least 1 year. At our clinic, the frequency of razor blade usage was found to be 45% in patch tested men without perfume contact allergy. When comparing the frequencies of razor blade usage among patch tested men with and without perfume contact allergy, there was a statistically significant over-representation (p = 0.047) among those with perfume allergy. The risk of perfume allergy when using razor blades was found to be 2.9 (odds ratio).

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Down syndrome--a gene dosage disease caused by trisomy of genes within a small segment of the long arm of chromosome 21, exemplified by the study of effects from the superoxide-dismutase type 1 (SOD-1) gene.

Down syndrome (DS), the most common postnatally viable human autosomal chromosomal abnormality is caused by trisomy for chromosome 21. The mechanism whereby the supernumerary chromosome 21 contributes to the pathology of DS remains elusive. There are, however, several evidences that DS is a gene dosage disease. This means that overproduction of certain proteins, encoded by normal genes on the extra chromosome, distorts the delicate balance of some biochemical pathways that are important for proper development and function of the organs affected in DS. It has been shown that only the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome 21 is involved in the pathogenesis of DS. Great efforts to define this "DS specific" segment are made today, with the aim to find the "DS responsible" genes. It is suggested that as few as 10-20 genes might be responsible for the DS phenotype. We will report from a world-wide collaboration study and especially the result from one single patient. It is a woman with a characteristic phenotype of DS, but with microscopically normal karyotype. She had a sister with DS, who is dead. The parents were related, why an autosomal recessive disorder is suspected. Autoradiograms of quantitative Southern blots of DNAs from the patient and her parents were analyzed after hybridization with unique DNA sequences regionally mapped on chromosome 21. The patient seems to have three alleles at the VTNR-polymorphism in the Col6A1 gene, one copy from the father and two copies from the mother. The Col6A1 gene is mapped at the very distal segment of the long arm of chromosome 21 (21q22.3). She has only two alleles of all loci analyzed proximal to Col6A1. This might indicate that she has trisomy only for the very distal part of band 21q22.3. It is, however, not enough to find the genes within the "DS specific" segment. The metabolic gene dosage effects from these genes must be evaluated. Although several genes have been mapped on chromosome 21, not one single feature of DS has been proved to be an effect of any single gene. As an example of the difficulties to assign features of DS to chromosome 21 specific genes the gene dosage effects of the superoxide dismutase type I (SOD-1) will be presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Computerized analysis of concomitant contact allergens.

A statistical study was conducted on 3697 patch-tested patients in order to find any cross-reacting or concomitant allergens. 44 correlations were found. 3 were well-known cross-reacting substances (e.g., benzocaine and p-phenylenediamine). 7 were unlikely, probably random, findings and the remaining 27 were considered to be either new cross-reacting allergens (e.g., promethazine and azo dyes) or concomitant allergens found in the same kind of products (e.g., nickel and cobalt in alloys, ethylenediamine and neomycin in Kenacombin cream, colophony and carba-mix in adhesive bandage).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Testing a purified lanolin preparation by a randomized procedure.

Patients with a previous contact allergy to lanolin (wool alcohols and/or Amerchol L 101) were patch tested 1 to 4 years later with lanolin allergens, as well as purified anhydrous lanolin contained in a commercial cream. At this retest, only 20 out of 33 patients with a previous contact allergy to lanolin reacted to lanolin allergens, and only 1 to the purified lanolin (as is). None reacted to the commercial cream containing 6% purified lanolin, this being ascertained by patch test as well as by usage test. To avoid bias at reading, patch tests were applied in a randomized computer-based order and read blindly.

Allergens↗
PubMed1988

The usefulness of detailed information to patients with contact allergy.

To find out if patients with contact allergy are helped by computerized information lists, a retrospective study was carried out on 58 patients with contact allergy to lanolin, traced through our local database DALUK. All were sent a questionnaire about their usage of the information list, clearance of their eczema, their education and other details. Clearance of the patient's eczema was found to correlate with use of the information list. It was also found that the effectiveness of the information depended on factors such as education, family circumstances, ethnic background and, most of all, how and where the information list was used.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Palmar eczema: a pathogenetic role for acetylsalicylic acid, contraceptives and smoking?

A statistical study of the relationship between vesicular palmar eczema and various clinical variables was carried out. Vesicular palmar eczema was found in 153 cases (38%), thereof 113 females (76%). Ninety-two percent of all found cases could be regarded as pompholyx. Three new pathogenetic factors were suggested in the vesicular palmar eczema: use of acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), contraceptives and smoking. Furthermore, the relationship between pompholyx and contact allergy to nickel was confirmed. No correlation to atopy was found. However, both atopy and sex were found to constitute certain risk factors. The study was based on information from 425 consecutively patch tested patients (74% females) from our local database DALUK.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Sites of contact dermatitis in relationship to particular allergens.

A study of 1016 patients over a period of 2 years has been performed by using the DALUK computer system in order to find correlations between eczema sites and particular allergens. The study includes a control material of patients with other contact allergies or with negative patch tests. The investigation confirms some well-known correlations, e.g., between lanolin allergy and dermatitis of the lower leg, and between nickel allergy and dermatitis of the palm. Several new correlations are also described, e.g., chromium allergy and dermatitis of the back of the trunk, allergy to balsam of Peru and dermatitis of the forehead and cheek.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A diagnostic tool for atopic dermatitis based on clinical criteria.

Forty-seven patients with atopic dermatitis was compared to non-eczematous controls with regard to the occurrence of different symptoms and signs. This comparison made it possible to analyze statistically atopic symptoms and signs with regard to their diagnostic importance. Hereby, a diagnostic point system was constructed which in 96% of probands gave the correct diagnosis. This diagnostic tool might be used when examining patients with obscure eczematous disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Thin layer chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography of musk ambrette and other nitromusk compounds including photopatch studies.

For qualitative and quantitative analysis of musk ambrette and 4 other nitromusk compounds (musk ketone, moskene, musk tibetine, musk xylene) thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques were developed. By TLC a reasonable separation was obtained and the limit of detection was 2-5 x 10(-7) g. By HPLC the separation was even better and the limit of detection for musk ambrette was 2 x 10(-9) g. The correlation between the amount of musk ambrette/ketone and the HPLC peak was linear. The TLC and HPLC techniques were used to demonstrate the presence of nitromusks in several commercial products, mainly aftershave lotions and eau-de-toilettes preparations. By ultraviolet spectrophotometry, absorption spectra were studied for the nitromusk compounds. The absorption maximum for musk ambrette was at 264 nm, that for moskene at 253 nm. Photopatch testing was carried out in 13 patients photoallergic to musk ambrette. Only 3 patients also reacted to other nitromusks. Photoallergey to musk ketone and musk tibetine is reported for the first time.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medicament contact allergy.

During a two-year period contact allergy to topically applied medicaments in the urban population of Malmö was investigated prospectively by patch testing patients with suspected products and their ingredients as well as with standard allergens. Contact dermatitis to specified medicaments was diagnosed in 40 of 408 patients with a positive patch test, and to standard allergens of medicament nature in a further 123 patients. Medicament contact allergy therefore constituted 40% of all allergies observed. This is equivalent to an annual incidence of 43/100,000. Among responsible products the leading antigens were ethylenediamine, phenylbutazone, myristyl alcohol, chlorocresol and cincocaine. In comparison with patients having other contact allergies the present material of medicament contact allergy was characterized by a rather high mean age (57 years), a higher percentage of males, a higher percentage of lower leg and anogenital dermatitis, and a lower percentage of hand dermatitis. A secondary spread occurred in half the cases of lower leg and anogenital dermatitis.

Adult↗