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Biomedical subjects

B Ellegaard

Publications and source records attributed to B Ellegaard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Cardiac rehabilitation: beyond 80 year-old?].

The prevalence of heart failure increases with age. Although the benefit of cardiac rehabilitation has been well demonstrated, in particular for what concerns improved effort tolerance, data in the geriatric population is scarce. A supervised inpatient cardiac rehabilitation program has started in September 2004 at the Hôpital de gériatrie in Geneva. By March 2005, 34 out of 50 participants (mean age of 87 years) had completed the program. The results showed a significant increase in the distance walked at the 6-minute test (+ 68,5 m, P<0,001) and a decreased level of anxiety that facilitated the return home. It will be necessary to evaluate the impact of these encouraging results on the readmission rate and on the longterm functional capacity.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Implant therapy in periodontally compromised patients.

The present study evaluate the outcome of implant therapy in periodontally compromised patients in need of additional functional tooth support. A total of 31 Astra implants and 93 ITI Dental Implant System implants were inserted in 19 and 56 patients, respectively. The length of the implants varied between 8 and 14 mm, with 45% being 8 mm and 21% being 11 mm or more. Most implants were placed in the maxilla, predominantly in the premolar region, while less than 25% were placed in the mandible. The observation period ranged between 12 and 40 months for Astra implants and between 3 and 84 months for ITI implants. At annual recall visits, 4 sites on all implants were assessed for presence of plaque, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and radiographic assessment of bone loss was performed. A total of 3 implants, all ITI implants, failed, yielding a 3-year survival rate of 95-100%, depending on type of implant. After 3 years, 76-86% of all implants remained free from radiographic bone loss > or = 1.5 mm. After 5 years, 55% of the ITI implants remained free from such bone loss. These results indicate that periodontally compromised patients, who have experienced a considerable loss of alveolar bony support, can be successfully treated with implants.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Implant therapy involving maxillary sinus lift in periodontally compromised patients.

This study reports the results of implant therapy involving a sinus membrane lift as well as conventional implant therapy in 24 periodontally compromised patients who were treated during the period between June 1990 and May 1995. Patients were included on the basis of being in need of at least 2 implants, 1 of which was to be placed in the maxillary sinus region, and at least 3 mm bone height was required in the sinus region. Following fenestration of the lateral sinus wall and lifting of the sinus membrane sinus implants were inserted as described for conventional implants. Annual follow-up visits included recording of plaque, probing pocket depth and bleeding on probing, and recording of the radiographic distance from the implant shoulder to the alveolar crest in mm. The Astra, Astra sinus, ITI, and ITI sinus were observed for an average of 30.8, 29.9, 29.4 and 25.3 months, respectively. Of the 80 implants inserted 1 Astra and 2 ITI had failed at 11-12 months and 1 ITI had failed at 42 months. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the proportion of non-failed implants at 36 months were 100%, 95%, 91%, and 86% for the Astra, Astra sinus, ITI, and ITI sinus implants, respectively. Of the Astra, Astra sinus, and ITI implants, 71-82% remained free from bone-loss > or = 1.5 mm at 36 months, whereas this was the case for only 29% of the ITI sinus implants. About 80-90% of the implants remained free from plaque; 65-86% remained free from bleeding; and 44-80% remained free from pockets > or = 4 mm. These results indicate that the sinus lift technique can be used successfully in periodontally compromised patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The effect of prosthetic rehabilitation in lower limb amputees.

The objectives of this project were to ascertain whether, to date, the views concerning the determination of prosthetic candidacy have been optimal and whether the training methods applied have been effective and have resulted in constant use of the prosthesis after conclusion of the training programme. Secondly it was intended to set up guidelines for future budgeting as well as providing a reference framework for the process of rehabilitation. An inquiry based on questionnaires was the first phase in a quality assurance project carried out among 29 amputees trained in 1990 and 1991. The result of the inquiry was that rehabilitation using PTB prostheses for 19 trans-tibial amputations in 18 cases (one patient was a bilateral trans-tibial amputee) led to constant use of the prosthesis and that advanced age was no hindrance to constant use in this group. For 10 trans-femoral amputees the inquiry revealed that advanced age combined with problems of donning the prosthesis was a hindrance to constant use in two cases. It is concluded that there is a need for testing/developing new types of femoral prostheses. The patients' evaluation of the rehabilitation process and their prostheses stresses the need for communication between the team of professionals and the patients in the decision process concerning the provision of a prosthesis as well as the provision of complete information on the patients' future functional possibilities. Qualitative measurements must include the kind and number of medical complications and the social conditions of the amputee as well as tests of physical and mental resources.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Clinical trial of postoperative dynamic back exercises after first lumbar discectomy.

Ninety-six patients who had undergone first-time discectomy for herniated lumbar intervertebral discs were consecutively randomized to two physical rehabilitation programs: a program of high-intensity, dynamic back extension and abdominal exercises with occurrence of low back pain being the limiting factor or a traditional program of mild, generally mobility-improving exercises within pain limits. Both groups underwent 14 hours of treatment during a 6-week period 5 weeks after surgery. At 26 weeks' follow-up, results indicated that patients who did the high-intensity exercises experienced greater success with regard to the patient disability-index and work capabilities. After 1 year, a trend that favored the use of intensive exercises could be observed. No differences were found in pain or objective measurements. A rehabilitation program of intensive exercises with occurrence of back pain being the limiting factor appears to increase patient behavioral support, resulting in work capacity improvements and patient self-rated disability levels. The results indicate that a 6-wk, 14-hr postoperative rehabilitation program is inadequate if objective postoperative deficit improvements are the desired goal.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Gingival status during chemical plaque control with or without prior mechanical plaque removal in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of a mouthrinse regimen comprising both chemical plaque control and mechanical plaque removal. 20 adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia were assigned to one of the following 2 regimens: (1) (group 1) mouthrinse twice daily with a 0.1% chlorhexidine solution; or (2) (group 2) the same regimen, but preceded by mechanical removal of plaque and calculus on day 1. All patients were followed for 28 days from the initiation of remission-induction therapy. In group 2, the plaque scores remained lower than those of group 1 throughout the study, although only 3 patients remained completely free of plaque after 28 days. Gingival inflammation as judged by bleeding scores remained unchanged in group 1, whereas in group 2, the degree of inflammation was reduced from 52% (median value) on day 1 to 31% (median value) on day 28. The bleeding scores were also lower in group 2 (31%) than in group 1 (60%) on day 28. No differences were found between the 2 groups with respect to the occurrence of other oral infections. It is concluded that chemical plaque control with chlorhexidine should be preceded by mechanical removal of plaque and calculus, when used in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and thrombocytopenia.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1990

[Consumers view of treatment by dental hygienists in private practice].

Questionnaires were sent to 22 dental practitioners. Each dentist was sent two types of questionnaires, one to be completed by the hygienist and the other one by the patients. The sampling was done by selecting at random approximately every sixth clinic employing a dental hygienist. Of 1100 questionnaires 710 were completed and returned. The investigation illustrates the patients opinion on different aspects of the dental hygienist's technical and social skills and of the cost of care. There was an overwhelming consumer satisfaction regarding the quality, as well as the cost, of dental care performed by a hygienist. Therefore, a broad use of well qualified dental hygienists as an auxilliary to a dentist is one way to lower the cost of dental health care in the future.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1989

Distribution of immunoglobulin isotypes including IgA subclasses in adult, juvenile, and rapidly progressive periodontitis.

The plasma cell population in gingival biopsies from 3 groups of patients with adult, juvenile, and rapidly progressive periodontitis was characterized with respect to the distribution of individual immunoglobulin isotypes, including IgA subclasses, by paired immunofluorescence staining. The median ratios of IgG:IgA plasma cells in gingival connective tissue from the 3 groups were 2.7 (range 2.0-6.5), 3.0 (1.4-6.2), and 2.0 (1.2-4.0), respectively. Cells staining for intracellular IgM were found in low numbers in all biopsies (range 0.3-6.3% of all plasma cells). No statistically significant differences were observed between the 3 patient groups. In all 3 groups, the IgA plasma cell population was predominantly of the IgA1 isotype. One function of IgA seems to be to dampen inflammatory side-effects of other immune effector systems. The demonstrated predominance of IgA1 plasma cells indicates that the majority of IgA produced locally in gingivae of patients with periodontal diseases is susceptible to the IgA1-specific proteases excreted by important members of the disease-associated subgingival microflora. This may be an important factor in the apparently uncontrolled inflammation and tissue degradation taking place in the marginal periodontium during active periodontal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of plaque removal on patients with acute leukemia.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of daily plaque removal on gingival inflammation and the occurrence of oral mucosal ulcers in granulocytopenic patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Eleven patients were analyzed prospectively and consecutively during a period of 28 days, in which the patients were treated with antineoplastic drugs. The patients had their teeth scaled, and plaque was removed daily. On Day 1 all had gingival inflammation, and two had profound periodontitis with pocket depths and loss of attachment greater than 5 mm. During the treatment period plaque scores were reduced in all patients and a corresponding decrease in gingival inflammation was seen. It was possible to obtain healthy gingiva during treatment with cytotoxic drugs. In addition, the development of oral mucosal lesions was low compared with other studies. This study demonstrates that daily plaque removal from the teeth resolves gingival inflammation also in severely granulocytopenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Periodontal status of 14-16 year-old Danish schoolchildren.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease in teenagers. The survey was conducted on 325 children aged 14, 15 and 16 years, living in Aarhus, Denmark. Pocket depth and loss of attachment was measured in mm at the maxillary and mandibular first molars and incisors. Plaque, calculus and gingival bleeding on probing were recorded. A total of 221 children (68%) had 4-5 mm deep pockets and 19 children (5.8%) had pockets deeper than 5 mm on at least one tooth. Approximately 11% of the subjects showed loss of attachment on at least one tooth. The frequency of surfaces with plaque and gingivitis was high in all three age groups. Plaque, gingivitis, deepened pockets and loss of attachment were most frequently observed on interproximal surfaces. No significant differences were observed between the sexes with regard to periodontal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Radiographic and clinical examination of periodontal status of first molars in 15-16-year-old Danish schoolchildren.

The prevalence of alveolar bone loss was investigated in 2813, 15- and 16-year-old Danish schoolchildren using bitewing radiographs. The interproximal spaces of the mesial and distal aspects of the first molar teeth were examined. Only defects with depths of more than 2 mm were considered periodontal bone loss. Radiographic evidence of bone resorption was found in 48 children. When evaluated clinically, 42 out of the 48 children with radiographic signs of bone loss demonstrated clinical loss of attachment. Only four children (0.1%) had the characteristic radiographic features of juvenile periodontitis. Loss of attachment of more than 2 mm was observed in these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Kielbone in new attachment attempts in Humans.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate, in humans, the use of Kielbone as a substitute for fresh autogenous bone in treating periodontal intrabony defects. A total of 92 intrabony defects were treated with a previously described new attachment procedure utilizing free mucosal grafts to cover the intrabony defects following bone grafting. Kielbone was placed in 46 of these defects, while the remaining 46 defects were treated with autogenous bone grafts. The results were evaluated after 6 months by periodontal probing and assessment of the bone level as seen on periodical, identical radiographs. No differences were observed between the amount of clinical gain of attachment obtained in defects treated with Kielbone and those treated with autogenous jaw bone. This indicates that in surgical procedures attempting to restore lost connective tissue attachment, Kielbone constitutes a suitable replacement for fresh autogenous bone. The results are discussed in th light of recent studies that challenge the beneficial effect of bone grafts in the treatment of intrabony defects.

Alveolar Process↗