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B Eriksen

Publications and source records attributed to B Eriksen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Report on the third EDNAP collaborative STR exercise. European DNA Profiling Group.

This report describes an inter-laboratory exercise completed on behalf of the European DNA Profiling (EDNAP) group. The exercise is one in a series designated to identify STR loci which could be used for harmonisation between participating European forensic science laboratories. Participants were asked to identify the alleles present in five bloodstains at the STR loci HUMTHO1 and HUMVWFA31/A. Two of the stains were prepared from mixtures of two different blood samples. There were no special instructions and each laboratory was requested to use the methodology normally employed for crime case investigations. All participating laboratories achieved the same results for both loci. In addition, the laboratories were also requested to report the results obtained from any other loci which would normally be used in crime case investigations. A comparison of these results showed some inter-laboratory variation.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

GEDNAP IV and V. The 4th and 5th Stain Blind Trials using DNA technology.

In the collaborative exercise GEDNAP IV one EDTA blood sample (2 ml) and 5 bloodstains (0.5 ml on cotton) were investigated and in GEDNAP V, a total of 8 bloodstains (0.5 ml on cotton), including 2 mixed bloodstains. DNA typing was carried out using the RFLP systems YNH24/Hinf I and MS43a/Hinf I and the PCR systems HLA DQ alpha, D1S80, ApoB and YNZ22. In both exercises approximately 20 laboratories obtained results using the RFLP systems. Of the PCR systems, D1S80 was the most commonly used (14 labs in GEDNAP IV; 18 labs in GEDNAP V). The interlaboratory standard deviation for YNH24 in both exercises was approx. 0.6%, for MS43a 0.7-2.2% (GEDNAP IV) and 0.4-1.4% (GEDNAP V), depending on the fragment size. The fragment size calculation performed in each laboratory yielded a standard deviation twice that obtained when the fragment size calculation was performed centrally (IfR, Münster). In GEDNAP III, a system-specific corridor was developed to define the limits of deviation; this was modified for the present study by combining the fragment size ranges of YNH24 and MS43a. In both studies a subgroup of laboratories was involved in preliminary exercises using three PCR VNTRs and the system HLA DQ alpha. Owing to the substantial variation in experience of the participating laboratories with PCR typing the results obtained in these two studies do not fulfil the basic quality criteria of the GEDNAP studies.

Apolipoproteins B↗
PubMed1995

Routine use of ultraviolet light in medicolegal examinations to evaluate stains and skin trauma.

The use of ultraviolet light induced fluorescence as an aid in forensic medical examinations of rape victims was evaluated preliminarily in a retrospective, non-consecutive study. In a four-month period, 17 cases were referred by the police for examinations at the Institute of Forensic Pathology. Ultraviolet light illumination (UVI) was used in seven cases, and in six cases fluorescent skin areas were observed. The fluorescence was due to lesions in four cases and stainings with saliva and semen in other two cases. In at least two cases, skin trauma detected with UVI were unobserved in ordinary light. It is concluded that UVI should be a routine part of forensic medical examinations. It may assist the forensic medical examiner in finding skin trauma and in locating stains, thus enabling retrieval of material for serological analyses. UVI is simple to carry out, requiring only a small, portable ultraviolet light source.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

The effect of sample size on the estimation of the frequency of DNA-profiles in RFLP-analysis.

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP-analysis) was carried out on blood samples from 616 unrelated Danish Caucasians. DNA was restricted with Hinf I and analyzed with the single locus variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) probes MS1, MS31, MS43a and YNH24. The effect of the sample size on the estimates of the frequencies of DNA-profiles was investigated using reference samples of 50-1200 bands for each probe. The effects of using the upper confidence limit and a minimum default allele frequency in the calculation of the frequency of the DNA-profile were investigated. It is concluded that very small samples, e.g. 50 individuals, may be used as reference samples in the estimation of the frequency of a DNA-profile. The use of an upper confidence limit was without significant effect, whereas the use of a minimum default allele frequency prevented large underestimates.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

DNA polymorphism in Greenland. Allele and profile frequencies in a Greenland population sample using the VNTR probes MS1, MS31, MS43a and YNH24.

Allele frequencies obtained by RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis using the VNTR (Variable Number Tandem Repeats) single locus probes MS1, MS31, MS43a and YNH24 on HinfI-restricted DNA in a Greenland Eskimo (155 individuals) and a Danish Caucasian (616 individuals) population sample are reported. For MS1 the frequency distributions were almost identical whereas minor but significant differences were seen for the other 3 probes. The distribution of the frequencies of 139 Greenland complete DNA profiles was estimated using the Greenland and the Danish database. The average profile frequencies obtained with the Greenland database were approximately 10 times higher than the estimates obtained with the Danish database.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Metastatic renal tumor presenting as ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Patients with clear cell adenocarcinoma of the kidney often present with metastatic disease, in some cases involving organs in which primary clear cell tumors occur. Under these circumstances, diagnosis of the renal primary tumor may be delayed. Herein we present a case of renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the ovaries initially treated as primary ovarian disease, until the appearance of other metastases prompted the discovery of its true origin. A high index of suspicion and the histologic characteristics of these tumors may allow earlier diagnosis and treatment of a renal primary tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of a Danish Caucasian population sample of single locus DNA-profiles. Allele frequencies, frequencies of DNA-profiles and heterozygosity.

The frequency distributions of the length of restriction fragments (HinfI) revealed by RFLP-analysis (restriction fragment length polymorphism) of blood samples from 482 Danish Caucasians using the single locus VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) probes MS1, MS31, MS43a and YNH24 are reported. From two blood samples three fragments were obtained with MS1. The consistency of the characteristic allele frequency distribution for each probe is exemplified by comparing the accumulated frequency curves obtained with MS43a in samples consisting of 50 and 920 bands, respectively. The distribution of the differences in migration distance for the two fragments of a bandpair was investigated. The results suggest that the high frequency of apparent homozygotes observed is due mainly to coalescence of close heterozygotes. The distribution of frequencies of 437 DNA-profiles is reported.

Bias↗
PubMed1993

DNA-profiling of stains in criminal cases: analysis of measurement errors and band-shift. Discussion of match criteria.

DNA-profiling was performed on approximately 600 stains (blood, semen/vaginal secretion, tissue samples and saliva) deriving from criminal investigations. The restriction enzyme was HinfI, and the VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) probes were MS1, MS31, MS43a and YNH24. DNA-profiles were obtained from 60% of the stains, and matches were seen for 65% of the profiles. The measurement errors and the differences between corresponding fragment lengths of blood and stain profiles were analysed statistically. Distinct band-shifts were observed for approximately 65% of the profiles. For 50% of the profiles, the fragments derived from the stain fragments migrated faster than those from the blood sample, and for 15% of the profiles the stain fragments migrated slower. The difference between the migration distance of the stain and the blood fragments of a given pair of profiles increased with increasing migration distance, i.e. with decreasing fragment length. After correction for this slope the measurement errors were independent of the fragment length, and of the same order of size as for duplicate determinations of fragments from blood samples. The differences between the fragment lengths of corresponding profiles were highly correlated (rho = 0.8). Based on the statistical analysis, different match criteria are discussed and an ellipsoid accept-area is suggested.

Blood Stains↗
PubMed1993

Precision of a new bedside method for estimation of the circulating blood volume.

The present study is a theoretical and experimental evaluation of a modification of the carbon monoxide method for estimation of the circulating blood volume (CBV) with respect to the precision of the method. The CBV was determined from measurements of the CO-saturation of hemoglobin before and after ventilation with a gas mixture containing 20-50 ml of CO for a period of 10-15 min. A special Water's to and fro system was designed in order to avoid any leakage when measuring during intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Blood samples were taken before and immediately after ventilation with the CO gas mixture. The amount of CO administered during each determination of CBV resulted in an increase in the CO saturation of hemoglobin of 2.1%-3.9%. A theoretical noise propagation analysis was performed by means of the Monte Carlo method. The analysis showed that a CO dose corresponding to an increase of less than 2% will result in an unacceptable coefficient of variation of repeated estimates. In the experimental study the coefficient of variation of repeated estimates of CBV was determined from duplicate measurements of CBV in nine healthy subjects and in nine intensive care patients. The coefficients of variation were 6.2% and 4.7% in healthy and diseased subjects, respectively. Furthermore, the day-to-day variation of the method with respect to the total amount of circulating hemoglobin (nHb) and CBV was determined from duplicate estimates separated by 24-48 h. In conclusion, determination of CBV can be performed with an amount of CO that gives rise to a harmless increase in the carboxyhemoglobin concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1992

The effect of quinidine on the analgesic effect of codeine.

We have studied the hypoalgesic effect of codeine (100 mg) after blocking the hepatic O-demethylation of codeine to morphine via the sparteine oxygenase (CYP2D6) by quinidine (200 mg). The study was performed in 16 extensive metabolizers of sparteine, using a double-blind, randomized, four-way, cross-over design. The treatments given at 3 h intervals during the four sessions were placebo/placebo, quinidine/placebo, placebo/codeine, and quinidine/codeine. We measured pinprick pain and pain tolerance thresholds to high energy argon laser stimuli before and 1, 2, and 3 h after codeine or placebo. After codeine and placebo, the peak plasma concentration of morphine was 6-62 (median 18) nmol.l-1. When quinidine pre-treatment was given, no morphine could be detected (less than 4 nmol.l-1) after codeine. The pin-prick pain thresholds were significantly increased after placebo/codeine, but not after quinidine/codeine compared with placebo/placebo. Both placebo/codeine and quinidine/codeine increased pain tolerance thresholds significantly. Quinidine/codeine and quinidine/placebo did not differ significantly for either pin-prick or tolerance pain thresholds. These results are compatible with local CYP2D6 mediated formation of morphine in the brain, not being blocked by quinidine. Alternatively, a hypoalgesic effect of quinidine might have confounded the results.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of two molecular weight markers used in DNA-profiling.

DNA-profiling was performed on DNA from human blood samples. Restriction was performed with HinfI and the fragments were analysed with the single locus probes MS1, MS31, MS43a, and YNH24. Calculations of the sizes of DNA-fragments in the range from 1.4 to 22 kilobase pairs (kb) were performed with two different size markers: the Amersham marker SJ5000 and the Gibco BRL marker 4401SA. The standard deviation of the difference between duplicate determinations was significantly lower with the Gibco BRL marker than with the Amersham marker. Calculation of the fragment lengths with the two markers differed significantly, especially in the high molecular weight region (> 8 kb). Fragment lengths were 3-8% (kb) higher with the Amersham marker than with the Gibco BRL marker which corresponds to a difference of 1.0-1.8 mm in migration distance. The difference was enhanced in the presence of ethidium bromide. The consequences of the replacement of the Amersham marker by the Gibco BRL marker in practical casework is discussed.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1992

Statistical analysis of the measurement errors in the determination of fragment length in DNA-RFLP analysis.

DNA from human whole blood samples was digested with the restriction enzyme HinfI and RFLP analysis performed using the single locus probes MS1, MS31, MS43a and YNH24. The intergel variation of 3291 duplicate measurements of fragment lengths in terms of basepairs was investigated. The difference between two measurements of the same fragment on different gels increased approximately exponentially with increasing fragment length. After transformation of the fragment length into a normalized migration distance it was found that the difference between two transformed measurements was normally distributed with a S.D. (0.70 mm) which was independent of the fragment length. The errors of band 1 and band 2 on the same lane were correlated (r2 = 0.8). It is useful in the calculation of frequencies and in retrieval procedures and also in the calculation of likelihood ratios to be able to use a S.D. which is independent of the fragment length.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1992

A report of an international collaborative experiment to demonstrate the uniformity obtainable using DNA profiling techniques.

This paper describes a collaborative exercise intended to demonstrate whether uniformity of DNA profile results could be achieved between different European laboratories. It was shown that this goal can be obtained provided that a common protocol is followed (specifically the use of a common electrophoretic buffer as being the most important parameter). Generally, lower molecular weight loci (with lower molecular weight fragments) such as YNH24 perform better than higher molecular weight loci such as MS43a. The results of the exercise are discussed in relation to the objectives of the European DNA profiling group (EDNAP).

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1991

Dual-parameter flow cytometric analysis coupling the measurements of forward-angle light scatter and DNA content of archival ovarian carcinomas of low malignant potential.

Paraffin-embedded archival specimens from 45 cases of ovarian carcinoma of low malignant potential (OCLMP) were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Since single-parameter FCM analysis is often deficient in the resolution of subtle near-diploid DNA-aneuploid populations, forward-angle light scatter (FALS) was measured as a second parameter. DNA aneuploidy was identified in 15 cases (33%). In 7 of those 15 cases, aneuploidy was resolved with single-parameter FCM; in the remaining 8 cases, DNA aneuploidy was resolved only following dual-parameter analysis coupling DNA content and FALS. In all 15 cases, a single near-diploid aneuploid population was observed (mean DNA index = 1.2); there were no tetraploid aneuploid cases. The proliferative activity for all 45 cases studied ranged from 1.0% to 8.9%, with a mean of 3.5%. No difference in mean proliferative activity was observed between the aneuploid and diploid tumors (P greater than .05). To exclude the possibility that PI staining artifacts caused the observed aneuploidy, five of the eight cases shown to be aneuploid by dual-parameter analysis were further studied using an alternate DNA-binding dye, DAPI, yielding similar results. To exclude the possibility that contaminating stromal and/or inflammatory cells caused the observed aneuploidy, samples from a subset of the dual-parameter cases were sorted, revealing the aneuploid populations to be composed primarily of tumor nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1988

Primary histiocytosis X of the parieto-occipital lobe.

Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence support the concept that histiocytosis X is the result of proliferation of pathological Langerhans' cells. Central nervous system involvement by histiocytosis X has been commonly described in multisystem disease and in association with lytic skull lesions. Unifocal brain involvement by histiocytosis X without concomitant osseous involvement is rare, with only 14 cases reported in the literature to date. Ten of these cases have involved the hypothalamus; the remaining four have involved the frontal lobe (two cases) and the temporal lobe (two cases). The fifth case of extrahypothalamic unifocal histiocytosis X, the first female case, and the first case with parieto-occipital lobe involvement, is reported. Pathology demonstrated infiltration of brain parenchyma by clusters of characteristic histiocytosis X cells with an admixture of morphologically related giant cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. Langerhans' granules were identified in the histiocytosis X cells by electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry showed strong S-100 protein, HLA-DR, and T6 antigen positivity by the histiocytosis X cells. Therapy included complete surgical excision and postoperative radiation therapy for the incompletely excised lesion. Patients with unifocal extrahypothalamic histiocytosis X may have a better prognosis than patients with localized hypothalamic disease.

Adult↗