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Biomedical subjects

B Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to B Eriksson.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Alprazolam compared to amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression.

In a double-blind randomized study the therapeutic effect and safety of alprazolam was compared with amitriptyline in 81 outpatients suffering from major depression. Variable dosages of both drugs were used, the mean final dose of alprazolam being 3.05 and that of amitriptyline 130 mg. Both treatment groups improved steadily, assessed weekly with the use of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and no significant differences were found between the groups, either on comparison between single items or total scores. On several of the criteria used for assessment of treatment response, however, more patients responded to amitriptyline than to alprazolam. In an analysis of specific subgroups, patients whose depression was accompanied by retardation, those in whom there were no precipitating factors and those with low levels of anxiety, responded better to amitriptyline. Considerably fewer side effects were reported by patients receiving alprazolam. In particular, there was a significantly lower incidence of dry mouth, light-headedness, tremor and tachycardia in patients receiving alprazolam compared with amitriptyline.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Different patterns of inhibition of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase activity by 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate and its threo isomer.

The two isomers 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (erythro-AZT-TP) and 1-(3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-beta-D-xylofuranosyl)thymine 5'-triphosphate (threo-AZT-TP) were studied as inhibitors of the reverse transcriptase activity of avian myelobastosis virus. Kinetic analysis of the (rA)n X (dT)12-18 (a standard template primer complex of polyriboadenylate and oligodeoxythymidylate of indicated length)-directed reaction revealed that erythro-AZT-TP was a competitive inhibitor with respect to dTTP, whereas threo-AZT-TP was a noncompetitive inhibitor. The apparent Ki values, as calculated from Dixon plots, were 0.48 and 5.5 microM, respectively, compared with a Km value for dTTP of about 70 microM. These results indicate that erythro-AZT-TP had an approximately 150-times-higher affinity to the enzyme than dTTP had and that the avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase had different binding sites for the two isomers.

Avian Leukosis Virus↗
PubMed1987

Serum lipids and lipoproteins in pregnancies associated with emesis gravidarum.

Nausea and/or vomiting in pregnancy (emesis gravidarum) is a very common event. The specific etiology of this disorder is still unknown. In this study we examined serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 98 healthy pregnant women in early and late pregnancy. Sixty of these women complained of emesis gravidarum. Compared to non-pregnant controls the pregnancy values of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were elevated in all subjects due to an increase in all lipoprotein classes. In addition, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were enriched in triglycerides relative to other components. Differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins between the emetic and non-emetic subjects were found. The lipid contents of LDL and HDL were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the emetic women in early pregnancy. During late pregnancy the total lipid content in all fractions was higher in previously emetic subjects. Thus, a metabolic difference between the groups persisted throughout pregnancy. It is suggested that an altered influence of estrogen on the liver might be responsible for these dissimilarities.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of malignant endocrine pancreatic tumors with human leukocyte interferon.

Twelve patients with malignant endocrine pancreatic tumors refractory to cytotoxic treatment were treated with human leukocyte interferon im at daily doses of 3 X 10(6)-6 X 10(6) IU. Ten of 12 patients showed an objective response with a mean duration of 15.2 months, median, 11 months (range, 2-36+). All ten patients had a decrease in tumor markers and an objective reduction in tumor size was also noted in four. Improvement of clinical manifestations was seen in all cases with an objective response. Adverse effects, including influenza-like syndrome, reduction of blood cells, and chemical signs of liver dysfunction occurred, but were reversible or could be circumvented by dose reduction. One patient developed hypothyreosis on an autoimmune basis; another patient developed liver steatosis. Although the number of patients is small, the results are promising. Interferon therapy seems to be as potent as cytotoxic treatment but with far less side effects. This study indicates that further trials with interferon in patients with less advanced stages of malignant endocrine pancreatic tumor should be performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Postoperative confusion after anesthesia in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures.

Fifty-seven patients, all over the age of 64, with femoral neck fracture were randomized to receive epidural or halothane anesthesia to see if the anesthetic technique influenced the incidence of postoperative confusion. All patients were lucid on admission. Using the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) as criteria for confusion, we found that 44% of the patients developed confusion that correlated closely to a history of mental depression (P less than 0.01) and to the use of drugs with anticholinergic effect (P less than 0.005). There was no difference in the incidence of confusion between the two anesthetic groups. In patients given halothane, however, early postoperative hypoxemia was associated with confusion (P less than 0.05). Patients with confusion had significantly more postoperative complications and almost four times longer hospitalization times. It is concluded that anticholinergic medication and a history of mental depression are predominant risk factors for development of postoperative confusion and in this respect are more important than the anesthetic technique.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of malignant endocrine pancreatic tumours with human leucocyte interferon.

22 patients with advanced malignant endocrine pancreatic tumours were treated with human leucocyte interferon 3-6 X 10(6) IU per day. Objective responses (more than 50% reduction in tumour markers or tumour size) were seen in 7/7 with watery diarrhoea/hypokalaemia/achlorhydria syndrome, 3/4 with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 6/9 with "non-functioning" tumours, and 1 with a mixed tumour mainly producing somatostatin. The median duration of response was 8.5 months, and all responders improved clinically. Adverse effects seemed more tolerable than those of cytotoxic treatment.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures (I). A 3-year longitudinal prospective study.

16 consecutive totally edentulous patients were provided with 95 osseointegrated titanium fixtures in 7 upper and 9 lower jaws. Facultatively removable bridges were later connected to abutments, attached to the fixtures. The marginal soft and hard tissue reactions were investigated at a baseline examination and after 6, 12, 21, 30 and 39 months by standardized clinical and radiographical methods. At the last examination, microbiological samples and gingival biopsies were also analysed. The % ratios of abutments without plaque, 70-75%, and without any gingivitis, 80-85%, were almost constant throughout the study. The mean probing depth was 2.9 mm at the final examination. About 75% of all probing depths were 3 mm or less and none exceeded 5 mm. The bridge-gingiva distances increased during the investigation. Attached gingiva surrounded 65% of the buccal and lingual abutment surfaces. Only 0.9 mm marginal bone was lost as a mean during the first year and not more than 0.05 mm annually for the next 2 years. After 6 months, no significant changes in marginal bone levels occurred. The perifixtural bone gradually became more radiopaque, especially marginally in upper jaws, indicating a successive load-related remodelling. The microbiotia comprised coccoid cells and non-motile rods to 93% in 32 samples. Healthy tissues were present in 35% of the 14 soft tissue biopsies. In a further 29%, only a slight inflammation was observed. No constant correlations could be established for any of the investigation parameters used. It is concluded that the marginal soft tissue reactions were mild and not significant for a progressive periodontitis. Mobility tests of separate fixtures combined with quantitative and qualitative standardized radiological examinations of the surrounding bone appear to provide a truer comprehension of longitudinal events at osseointegrated implants than conventional clinical soft tissue observations. The prognosis for the osseointegrated implants appears excellent, especially with regard to the microbiotia, the small marginal bone height changes, and the radiological indications of remodelling in the perifixtural bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. (II) A cross-sectional retrospective study.

20 totally edentulous patients, provided with 24 facultatively removable fixed bridges (13 upper and 11 lower jaws) were recalled. The material consisted of 125 osseointegrated titanium fixtures with a mean observation time of 7.6 years (range 6 months to 15 years). The marginal tissues were examined by conventional periodontal clinical methods and standardised radiography. Microbiological samples and biopsies of the soft marginal barrier tissues were retrieved for dark-field and histological analysis, respectively. The percental ratios of abutment surfaces devoid of plaque and without signs of gingivitis, were 46% and 20%, respectively. In contrast to earlier studies, the presence of plaque and gingivitis was significantly correlated. This relationship was probably due to more plaque being present. The mean probing depth was 3.8 mm. In 40% of the measurements, the probing depths were 3 mm or less, and in 45% between 4 and 5 mm, whereas they only in 15% were 6 mm or more. They were greater in upper than in lower jaws and were found to be significantly correlated with gingivitis. Attached gingiva surrounded about 51% of the buccal and lingual abutment surfaces. The marginal bone height changes were very small during the follow-up period (0.07 mm annually). Coccoid cells and non-motile rods dominated the microflora to 94% in the 48 samples taken. Out of the 19 biopsies, 58% showed healthy mucosa and a further 37% had the lowest inflammation score. The indications of gingivitis and deep pockets at the clinical examination were not found accompanied by an accelerated marginal bone loss, nor by a microflora or histological changes indicative of periodontitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Serum bile acids, gamma-glutamyltransferase and routine liver function tests in emetic and nonemetic pregnancies.

The etiology of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is still unknown. One possibility is that ovarian and placental hormones may play some part. The liver is the major site of metabolic inactivation of steroid hormones. In this study, 102 healthy pregnant women, of whom 62 complained of nausea, were followed throughout pregnancy. Liver function tests were performed to ascertain whether emesis gravidarum is related to impaired hepatic function. In this series, all values were within the normal ranges. Serum levels of total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl-transferase were significantly decreased and those of total serum bile acids significantly increased in emetic women compared to nonemetic subjects. Furthermore, the metabolic load on the liver seems to follow a biphasic course as there is an apparent minimum in liver function variables in the second trimester. It is concluded that a slow adaptation to the increased hormonal load on the liver might be responsible for the condition of emesis gravidarum.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Therapeutic effects of serotonin uptake inhibitors in depression.

Depression has been associated with a disturbance in serotonin function as reflected in platelet uptake of the transmitter as well as in CSF levels of its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). CSF 5-HIAA levels are subnormal in approximately 30% of melancholia patients. Early studies suggested that patients with a disturbed serotonin metabolism were less responsive to treatment with uptake inhibitors with a preferential action on noradrenaline neurons. Such findings encouraged the search for compounds with a selective effect on serotonin neurons. Although some classical antidepressants are potent inhibitors of serotonin uptake, they are not selective, since their metabolites, which appear to have antidepressant effects, inhibit noradrenaline uptake. The consistent findings of an increased risk for suicide in patients with low CSF 5-HIAA underlines the importance of exploring drugs that act on serotonin transmission. The biochemical effects of some serotonin uptake inhibitors and their clinical and research potential in depression are reviewed.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1985

Relations between muscimol, quinuclidinyl benzilate and nicotine binding sites in brain after very long treatment with ethanol in rats.

Rats were treated with ethanol in the drinking fluid 2 X 1 h daily for 83 weeks. [3H]Muscimol, [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ( [3H]QNB) and [3H]nicotine binding was measured in selected brain areas 7, 14 and 21 days after withdrawal of ethanol. A significant increase (P less than 0.05) when compared to controls was found on day 7 in both [3H]-QNB binding in the cortex and high affinity [3H]muscimol binding in the cerebellum. Furthermore, on day 7 of abstinence there was a positive correlation in number of binding sites between [3H]muscimol (high affinity sites; cerebellum) and [3H]QNB (cortex) while a negative correlation was found between [3H]muscimol (low affinity sites; cerebellum) and [3H]nicotine (cortex). The first correlation might indicate a relation between increased excitation (QNB) and increased inhibition (muscimol) in two brain areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Direct and indirect flow cytometric enumeration of 6-thioguanine-resistant human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Methods based on flow cytometry and sorting, autoradiography, and cloning were used to evaluate the potential for the enumeration of 6-thioguanine-resistant human peripheral blood lymphocytes assumed to be deficient with respect to the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase. Flow cytometric sorting of proliferating cells in the late S- and the G2-stages by means of DNA content, as measured by propidium iodide fluorescence, enabled an enrichment of variant cells to about 99%. The main source of false events was contaminating doublets of G0/G1 cells appearing in the sorting region. Doublet discrimination measured as the difference between pulse height and area (Ortho-50) accomplished no further improvement. A combination of propidium iodide fluorescence and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, measured by fluorescent anti-bromodeoxyuridine-DNA antibodies, allowed flow cytometric enrichment to about 99.99% of variant cells. By sorting of 3H-thymidine-labeled cell nuclei from the late S- and the G2-phases and subsequent autoradiographic evaluation, partly resistant variants could be discriminated; variant frequencies of the same magnitude as for the cell cloning methods were obtained.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Use of the antimicrobial removal device prior to blood culture in patients on antibiotic therapy.

The efficacy of the antimicrobial removal device in facilitating isolation of bacteria from blood containing antibiotics was evaluated in a multicenter study. Blood specimens from 143 patients who had culture-proven septicemia and had been on antibiotic treatment for at least 24 hours were recultured with and without the aid of the device. Septicemia persisted in 33 of the patients and use of the device improved the isolation rates: 63% of the gram-positive bacteria and 32% of the gram-negative bacteria were isolated only with the aid of the device. Use of the device was an advantage in 10 of 13 cases where the antibiotic concentration in the bottles exceeded the MIC for the infecting microorganism but in only 5 of 19 cases where the concentration was lower than the MIC. It is concluded that the antimicrobial removal device may be useful in patients already on antibiotic treatment, but that its use is limited by the cost and the amount of work involved.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1985

Cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase inhibition and kinetics.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA polymerase has immunologic specificity in relation to the virus specific polymerases of other herpesviruses. During the early phase of CMV infection in vitro, the virus DNA polymerase is rapidly induced. Due to the lack of virus specific thymidine kinase, cytomegalovirus is resistant to nucleosides which require herpesvirus thymidine kinases for activation. Cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase is therefore the known possible target for antiviral drugs. Several pyrophosphate analogs have been assayed for their inhibitory effects on this enzyme. The most active compound is phosphonoformate (PFA). PFA also effectively inhibits other partially purified herpesvirus DNA polymerases as well as the multiplication of all human herpesviruses, at concentrations which do not affect cellular DNA polymerases or normal cell growth. The mechanism of inhibition is a noncompetitive inhibition of CMV DNA polymerase activity with respect to the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, and an uncompetitive inhibition with respect to the template used. In cell culture, PFA inhibits the formation of late CMV polypeptides, but not the synthesis of early CMV polypeptides. The CMV specific polymerase persists in the presence of PFA, as measured by immunological methods, and enzyme activity can be demonstrated after removal of PFA. The inhibition of CMV replication is reversible even after long exposure to PFA. Our interpretation is that the CMV genome is highly resistant to the cellular metabolism also in non-producing cells. A new rapid CMV neutralization test was established, based on the appearance of early CMV-induced antigens.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Gallbladder disease related to use of oral contraceptives and nausea in pregnancy.

In our series of women with confirmed gallbladder disease, intolerance of oral contraceptives was remarkably high. Among women who did not tolerate oral contraceptives there was a remarkably high percentage of emesis gravidarum. The frequency of cholecystectomy declined substantially between 1971 and 1981. This decrement was especially pronounced in women younger than 40, which could be attributed to the reduced "hormonal load" from both fewer pregnancies and reduced intake of contraceptive steroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Purification of Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase from P3HR-1 cells.

The Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase was purified from extracts of P3HR-1 cells treated with n-butyrate for induction of the viral cycle. Sequential chromatography on DNA cellulose, phosphocellulose, and blue Sepharose yielded an enzyme preparation purified more than 1,300-fold. The purified enzyme was distinct from cellular enzymes but resembled the viral DNA polymerase in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. The active enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 185,000 as estimated by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a major polypeptide corresponding to a molecular weight of ca. 110,000. This polypeptide correlated with the catalytic function of the purified enzyme, whereas the other, less abundant polypeptides did not. By immunoblotting, the 110,000-molecular-weight polypeptide could be identified as a viral polypeptide. It could not be determined whether the native enzyme was composed of more than one polypeptide.

Animals↗