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Biomedical subjects

B Esposito

Publications and source records attributed to B Esposito.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Safety of intravenous ciprofloxacin. A review.

Data from 1,878 courses of intravenous ciprofloxacin therapy, administered to 1,869 patients in 59 clinical trials, were analyzed for drug safety. The 985 men and 884 women had a mean age of 50 years, and more than one third were over 60 years of age. An overwhelming majority had at least one accompanying systemic illness, and the condition of more than half the patients was only fair or poor at the onset of therapy. Ciprofloxacin was administered in a unit dose of either 200 mg (68 percent of the patients) or 300 mg (28 percent) by intravenous infusion, generally over 30 minutes every 12 hours, at a mean daily dosage of 456 mg. The duration of intravenous therapy ranged from one to 57 days, with a mean of seven days; over 1,000 patients were treated for more than five days. Adverse events considered probably or possibly related to intravenous ciprofloxacin were reported in 15.8 percent of the courses; therapy was discontinued prematurely in 3 percent. Local reactions at the site of infusion were the most common, occurring in 4.4 percent of the courses. Changes in blood chemistry values (4.1 percent) included increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Reports of adverse effects referable to the gastrointestinal tract (3.0 percent) were primarily nausea and diarrhea. Central nervous system reactions (1.8 percent) included convulsive seizures, headache, and dizziness. In comparative trials, events considered probably or possibly drug related were reported for 17.3 and 13.6 percent of the ciprofloxacin- and ceftazidime-treated patients, respectively. The incidence of adverse events other than local reactions at the infusion site was not significantly different between the ciprofloxacin- and ceftazidime-treated patients (12.7 percent versus 11.0 percent, p greater than 0.2).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Underutilization of autologous blood donation among eligible elective surgical patients.

In January 1983, blood banks encouraged the use of autologous blood for transfusion in elective surgical patients due to the advent of transfusion-associated AIDS. Since autologous blood does not transmit hepatitis and other viruses and does not cause alloimmunization, it should be utilized whenever possible. To determine whether patients eligible to predeposit autologous blood before elective operation were actually doing so, we studied patients at three hospitals between January 1 and June 30, 1985. Patients considered eligible for autologous predeposit blood donation were adults with preoperative hemoglobin levels of 11 g/dl or more who underwent elective surgical procedures for which blood transfusion was anticipated. Excluded were patients undergoing cardiovascular, intracranial, or renal transplant procedures. Of eligible patients, only 11 percent (32 of 278) predeposited blood; of these, 81 percent (26 of 32) were transfused with only autologous blood. Among eligible patients who did not predeposit blood, all could have benefited from predepositing because transfusion was likely for the procedure. Of those who did not predeposit, 33 percent (83 of 246) received homologous blood and therefore would have benefited from autologous donation. We conclude that autologous donations are underutilized for medically eligible patients undergoing elective operation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1977

Double-blind evaluation of buprenorphine hydrochloride for post-operative pain.

In a double-blind, random assignment study of four groups of 40 patients, relief of severe pain with buprenorphine hydrochloride 0.2 mg or 0.4 mg was evaluated and compared with morphine sulphate 5 or 10 mg. Evaluations included pain intensity, pain relief, sedation and other effects for up to 12 hours after drug administration, following recovery of wakefulness from anaesthesia for major abdominal surgery. Analyses of five parameters showed that the four groups were statistically comparable and that buprenorphine hydrochloride is at least 50 times more potent than morphine sulphate and has a substantially longer duration of analgesic action. Further clinical evaluation is, therefore, recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Structural genes for a newly recognized acetolactate synthase in Escherichia coli K-12.

Evidence is reported that shows the presence in Escherichia coli K-12 of a newly found acetolactate synthase. This enzyme is the product of two genes, ilvH and ilvI, both located very close to leu. Amber mutations have been found in both genes and therefore their products are polypeptides. Mutations in the ilvH gene cause the appearance of an acetolactate synthase activity which is relatively resistant to valine inhibition and can be separated by adsorption on hydroxylapatite from another activity present in the extract and more sensitive to valine inhibition than the former. A mutant altered in the ilvI gene was isolated among the revertants sensitive to valine inhibition of an ilvH mutant. Such a mutant lacks the resistant acetolactate synthase. A temperature-sensitive revertant of the ilvI mutant contained a temperature-sensitive acetolactate synthase. Thus ilvI is the structural gene for a specific acetolactate synthase. The activity of the ilvH gene product has been measured by adding an extract containing it to a purified ilvI acetolactate synthase, which, upon incubation, became more sensitive to valine inhibition. Conversely, a valine-sensitive acetolactate synthase (the product of the ilvH and the ilvI genes) became more resistant to valine inhibition upon incubation with an extract of a strain containing a missense ilvH gene product.

Cell-Free System↗