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Biomedical subjects

B Falkenberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Falkenberg.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Analysis of optical parameters after cataract surgery and implantation of foldable lens].

PURPOSE: Within the first few weeks after cataract surgery, changes of refraction can occur in patients with "clear cornea" surgery and implantation of foldable lenses. The possible reasons were analyzed. METHOD: In 71 consecutive patients we determined axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal refraction, and corneal thickness prior to cataract surgery, on the 1st postoperative day, and at a follow-up control after obtaining stable refraction. We divided the patients into three groups: patients with no change of refraction between the 1st postoperative day and the follow-up (group A), patients with hyperopic shift of refraction (group B), and patients with myopic shift of refraction (group C). RESULTS: In all three groups we measured no significant postoperative change of the axial length. Central corneal thickness increased by approximately 37 microm on the 1st postoperative day and had normalized at the time of control. Anterior chamber depth decreased in all groups by approximately 0.44 mm between the 1st postoperative day and the follow-up. Central corneal refraction showed an decrease in groups B and C and an increase in group A. The standard deviation was very high in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative change of refraction depends on multiple factors among which changes of the anterior chamber depths, the corneal refraction, the swelling of the cornea, and the axial length can play a role.

Cataract↗
PubMed2001

[Strategy and technique in perineal impalement injuries].

Injuries of the anal sphincter and the pelvic floor are rare and have a large range of variations. This report is based upon 28 patients with perineal injuries treated in a 17-year period. Mortality depends on accompanying injuries. The degree of the injury determines the functional result. Proximal diversion and drainage represent the standard treatment for intra-abdominal rectal injuries. In extraperitoneal rectal injuries diversion, presacral drainage and distal rectal washout is recommended. Loss of continence is the most severe complication of injuries of the anal sphincter. The best results are obtained by primary repair.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2001

Arthroscopic shoulder surgery with epinephrine saline irrigation.

PURPOSE: To determine whether dilute epinephrine saline irrigation (0.33 mg/L) delivered by a pressure-controlled pump would significantly reduce intraoperative bleeding during routine arthroscopic shoulder surgery and, in addition, to investigate potential adverse cardiovascular reactions of adding epinephrine to the irrigation fluid. TYPE OF STUDY: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. METHODS: Fifty-four patients requiring arthroscopic shoulder surgery were randomly assigned to either an epinephrine group that received dilute epinephrine irrigation by a pressure-controlled pump or to a placebo group that received plain saline irrigation by a pressure-controlled pump. Intraoperative, intra-articular bleeding was estimated by multiplying the total volume of the irrigation fluid used with the hemoglobin concentration in the irrigation fluid. Postoperatively, the surgeon rated the clarity of the visual field during the arthroscopy by a visual analogy scale. RESULTS: Intraoperative bleeding was significantly reduced (P =.008) and the clarity of the visual field was significantly better (P =.0007) in the group of patients receiving dilute epinephrine irrigation compared with the group of patients without epinephrine added to the irrigation fluid. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of epinephrine to irrigation fluid seems to reduce intra-articular bleeding during routine arthroscopic shoulder surgery and may improve visualization. Furthermore, no cardiovascular adverse reactions were observed resulting from the intra-articular epinephrine administration.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Treatment strategy in iatrogenic perforation of the large intestine].

Iatrogenic perforation of the colon is a rare but feared complication of coloscopy with an incidence of up to 0.3%. During a period of 12 years we saw 14 perforations of this kind. The therapeutic approach varies with the state of peritonitis and type of perforation. Conservative primary therapy should only be chosen in rare cases. Classic operative therapy ranges from simple suturing to partial resection of the colon, in cases including even formation of a colostomy. In case of diffuse peritonitis discontinuity resection following Hartmann is still recognized as a secure procedure. Lethality of 7.1% in our own patients confirms the effectivity of conventional operating methods.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Permanent stomata].

The implantation of preternatural orifices is a procedure frequently performed by the visceral surgeon in spite of the advances of modern surgery concerning preservation of continence. In order to avoid unnecessary complications, certain strict principles of operating technique must be followed. The cumulative rate of complications is found to be at least 50%. Especially prolapse, peristomal hernias and stenoses are of profound surgical relevance. A well-implanted and adequately cared for stoma will have a positive influence on a patient's quality of life.

Colostomy↗
PubMed1998

The pS2 protein in colorectal carcinomas and metastases.

Expression of pS2 protein in 50 primary tumors, metastases and recurrent tumors of colorectal carcinomas has been analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Sixty percent of the primary tumors were at least focally positive for the antigen. There was no correlation between pS2 expression and histologic grade of the lesions. In contrast, pS2 expression in T4 and T3 tumors was significantly higher than in T2 carcinomas. Immunoreactions in carcinomas with distant metastases (MI) were stronger than in M0 cases. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance. The presence of lymph node metastases did not correlate with pS2 expression. High expression of pS2 in T4 and T3 carcinomas together with the finding of pronounced expression of the antigen at invasion fronts in single cases could be interpreted as a function in tumor cell invasion and motility. However, in metastases and recurrent tumors, pS2 expression did not differ from primary lesions (53% positive lesions). All in all, under consideration of the latter finding in particular and together with the randomly distributed immunopositive tumor cells and cell clusters in the majority of cases, it is more likely that the expression pattern of pS2 in colorectal carcinomas is a result of overall tumor cell heterogeneity.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Failure strength of a new meniscus arrow repair technique: biomechanical comparison with horizontal suture.

A new method for arthroscopic all-inside repair of vertical meniscus lesions by use of a biodegradable fixation device ("meniscus arrow") has been developed, including a set of cannulas for easy insertion via standard arthroscopic portals. The technique is described. A study to test the fixation properties was performed in the laboratory. Twenty-four fresh frozen bovine medial menisci were defreezed and divided into three groups. In all menisci an artificial vertical lesion was created with a scalpel 3mm from the peripheral rim. Repair in group I was done with a single horizontal Maxon-O suture using an Acufex double-barrel cannula (Acufex Meniscal Stitcher; Acufex Microsurgical, Norwood, MA). A knot was tied on the capsular side. Repair in group II was made with one 13 mm Biofix Meniscus arrow (Bioscience Ltd, Tampere, Finland). In group III repair was performed like in group II but the menisci were incubated in isotonic saline at 21 degrees C for 24 hours before testing. Menisci in group I and II were tested within 3 hours after defreezing. Prior to testing total separation of central and peripheral part of meniscus was performed. Thus only the repair site was tested. Pull-out tests to failure were made in a computer-based Nene M5 testing machine with a cross-head speed of 5 mm/min. Median failure load in group I: 49 N (range 43 to 77 N), in group II: 53 N (range 42 to 65 N) and in group III: 54 N (range 35 to 74 N). No statistically significant differences in failure load was found between the groups. Thus initial failure strength for arrow-repaired bovine menisci is comparable to that of a horizontal suture.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Influence of aprotinin and promazine on survival of isolated pancreatic acinar cells.

Aprotinin, a protease inhibitor, and promazine, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2, were tested for possible inhibition of pancreatic acinar cell (PAC) decline induced by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation with 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) or by temporary anoxia/reoxygenation. In incubates of acinar cells isolated from rat pancreas the presence of aprotinin did not influence the survival of cells treated with these noxae. This finding excludes that extracellulary acting trypsin, possibly released from damaged cells, contributes to further cell death. While promazine at concentrations of 15 to 20 nmol.(10(6) cells)-1 was well tolerated by untreated PAC, higher concentrations caused a clear reduction of cell viability. At optimum concentration promazine was without influence on DNP-treated cells, but it had a beneficial effect on survival and morphology of anoxia-treated PAC (p less than or equal to 0.05). Therefore, it can be assumed that after anoxia/reoxygenation the membrane phospholipase A2 becomes stimulated and causes phospholipid depletion with final death of the cells. It is suggested that such a mechanism may contribute to the initial cell damage in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, too.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Differences in time course of hepatocyte and pancreocyte damage after incubation with trypsin, chymotrypsin and 2.4-dinitrophenol.

The survival of isolated pancreatic acinar cells and of hepatocytes from rats was compared to mimic cell injury and death during the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis in the presence of varying concentrations of trypsin, chymotrypsin and of the uncoupler 2.4-dinitrophenol (DNP). While hepatocytes were quickly damaged by trypsin they still excluded trypan blue though an excess amount of DNP was added. Pancreocytes revealed a reversed susceptibility to both noxae. The reduced sensitivity of pancreocytes to extracellular trypsin action could represent a special protectiveness against autodigestion and their increased susceptibility to an alteration of the cellular energy state stresses the importance of this factor to the survival of pancreatic tissue under normal and noxious conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and uncoupling on survival of isolated acinar cells from rat pancreas.

To improve the knowledge of the very complex pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, separated exocrine pancreatic cells were used as an experimental tool. Intact acinar cells were isolated from rat pancreas and the time course of their damage was studied in the presence of increasing activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and, after, stepwise uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, by 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). With an increasing degree of uncoupling the half-life period of cells incubated was remarkably reduced. Extracellular trypsin, present in activities comparable with the endogenous trypsinogen content, was not effective in cell killing. Only when the trypsin activity was drastically enhanced was the rate of cell destruction accelerated. Compared with chymotrypsin, isolated acinar cells revealed some resistance to extracellular trypsin. But when the energy production was altered by partial uncoupling the susceptibility of these cells toward the action of trypsin was increased and their life time was remarkably reduced. The potentiation of the effects of trypsin and uncoupling on cell viability demonstrates the contribution of an intact energy metabolism to the protective potential of acinar cells against further noxae.

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
PubMed1989

Isolated acinar cells from rat pancreas in pathogenic studies on acute pancreatitis.

In the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis the events and mechanisms increasing the digestibility of the acinar cells are widely unknown. To study these processes at cellular level, isolated exocrine cells from rat pancreas were utilized as experimental tool. The investigations revealed that extracellularly acting noxae seem to be of less importance to triggering autodigestion. The plasma membrane of the acinar cells was relatively resistant to extracellular trypsin, while anoxia or uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation obviously reduced the survival of these cells. Combined action of small amounts of trypsin and partial uncoupling resulted in a potentiated cell destruction. The findings presented stress the importance of a well-functioning energy metabolism for the protective potential of acinar cells to further harmful conditions.

Acute Disease↗