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Biomedical subjects

B Fox

Publications and source records attributed to B Fox.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A controlled trial of fluconazole to prevent fungal infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Superficial and systemic fungal infections are a major problem among severely immunocompromised patients who undergo bone marrow transplantation. We performed a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial in which patients receiving bone marrow transplants were randomly assigned to receive placebo or fluconazole (400 mg daily). Fluconazole or placebo was administered prophylactically from the start of the conditioning regimen until the neutrophil count returned to 1000 per microliter, toxicity was suspected, or a systemic fungal infection was suspected or proved. RESULTS: By the end of the treatment period, 67.2 percent of the 177 patients assigned to placebo had a positive fungal culture of specimens from any site, as compared with 29.6 percent of the 179 patients assigned to fluconazole. Among these, superficial infections were diagnosed in 33.3 percent of the patients receiving placebo and in 8.4 percent of the patients receiving fluconazole (P less than 0.001). Systemic fungal infections occurred in 28 patients who received placebo as compared with 5 who received fluconazole (15.8 percent vs. 2.8 percent, P less than 0.001). Fluconazole prevented infection with all strains of candida except Candida krusei. Fluconazole was well tolerated, although patients who received it had a higher mean increase in alanine aminotransferase levels than patients who received placebo. Although there was no significant difference in overall mortality between the groups, fewer deaths were ascribed to acute systemic fungal infections in the group receiving fluconazole than in the group receiving placebo (1 of 179 vs. 10 of 177, P less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic administration of fluconazole to recipients of bone marrow transplants reduces the incidence of both systemic and superficial fungal infections.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1990

Heterogeneity of a major allergen from olive (Olea europea) pollen.

Studies were carried out in order to confirm and extend knowledge of the physico-chemical properties of an allergenic material found in the pollen of the olive tree (Olea europea). The sera from 88% of patients who were sensitive to olive pollen contained IgE that reacted with a 19,000 Mr component and many also reacted to a 17,000 Mr band as shown by SDS-PAGE immunoblotting. A monoclonal antibody (OL-1) produced to the 19,000 Mr component also reacted with the 17,000 Mr band, and with bands at 21,000 and 41,000 under non-reduced conditions. HPLC separation followed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting of the fractions indicated that the allergen fraction from which the 19,000 and 17,000 components were derived had a mol. wt between 50 and 60 kD. Isoelectricfocusing followed by immunoblotting and development with (OL-1) indicated heterogeneity of the allergen with respect to pI values. Two of the strongest components of the six identified which reacted with (OL-1) had pIs of about 5.0 and 6.0 confirming the published data. The study therefore showed that olive pollen contains a number of allergenic components, with various mol. wts and pI values, with some epitopes in common, which may in the native state be bound together or aggregated.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

Abnormal cilia.

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Cilia↗
PubMed1979

Liquid paraffin pneumonia--with chemical analysis and electronmicroscopy.

Liquid paraffin pneumonia was diagnosed after open lung biopsy in a woman age 73 with a hiatus hernia and rheumatoid arthritis who had been taking liquid paraffin nightly for fifty two years. Histological examination showed a lipid type pneumonia with involvement of alveoli, interstitial tissues and brochioles. Chemical analysis of the lung showed total lipids of 17.7% (w/w), 86% was liquid paraffin which was positively identified by infrared spectroscopy. Transmission electronmicroscopy showed macrophages in the alveoli filled by phagosomes. The alveoli were mainly lined by alveolar type II cells. Scanning electronmicroscopy showed alveoli filled by a mass of vacuoled material.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

An indirect technique for establishing preferences for categories of reinforcement for severely and profoundly retarded individuals.

The development of a reinforcement survey hierarchy is described for programming severely and profundly retarded individuals. The survey identifies reinforcement preferences of severely and profoundly retarded individuals by means of an indirect categorical technique. The categorical technique views reinforcement as being educationally, environmentally, and developmentally characteristic of severely and profoundly retarded individuals. The survey is a preliminary step to more direct approaches to reinforcement, such as sampling or use of multiple reinforcements. Field data are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effect of lysolecithin on gastric mucosal structure and potential difference.

The effect of lysolecithin (100 mg%) on the guinea-pig gastric mucosa was studied by instilling a solution for 30 minutes, preceded and followed by 100 MN HCl into 10 total gastric pouches. Ten control animals had HCl throughout. Lysolecithin produced a significant change in transmucosal potential difference, macroscopic erosions, and mucosal damage on histology and electron scanning microscopy. None of these changes was seen in the control animals. This is further evidence that the reflux of lysolecithin from the duodenum is an important factor in causing active gastritis and gastric erosions.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Primary mediastinal trophoblastic teratomas.

Three cases of primary mediastinal trophoblastic teratoma are described. One patient died from respiratory failure during the initial chemotherapy, Another patient with advanced disease is now apparently free from disease after multiple-drug chemotherapy. The third patient is alive and well four years after a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and multiple-drug chemotherapy. In the diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment in these tumours emphasis is placed on the measurement of the tumour cell markers, chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha-fetoprotein, by radioimmunoassay. The efficacy of multiple-drug regimens is discussed together with a review of the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Venous infarction of the adrenal glands.

An investigation of 78 cases of adrenal haemorrhage and necrosis disclosed that 32 were examples of adrenal venous infarction. In all these cases there was thrombosis of the main adrenal vein and in most there was also thrombosis of the capsular veins, a finding which has not been well established. In a number of cases with venous infarction there was clinical and pathological evidence that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) had occurred, but it appears that it was not the direct cause of venous thrombosis. The majority of cases of venous infarction occur in patients with severe infection, frequently of the respiratory tract. Venous infarction was found in five cases with hypothermia an association which had rarely been described, and in three of these there was evidence of DIC. This is apparently the first occasion on which DIC has been demonstrated in cases of hypothermia in man. The cause of venous thrombosis in the adrenal glands is obscure in most cases of venous infarction, although in three it was due to involvement by metastatic carcinoma. It is suggested that the factors responsible for the initiation of thrombosis in the adrenal veins are catecholamines, thrombin, fibrin and endotoxin. Localisation of the thrombi to the adrenal vein is due to the unique anatomical structure of the vein which, under certain circumstances, results in the local stasis of blood.

Adrenal Glands↗