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Biomedical subjects

B Franklin

Publications and source records attributed to B Franklin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of gastrointestinal flora on body temperature of rats and mice.

The purpose of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that gut flora influences the body temperature of rodents. Rats and mice were implanted with biotelemetry transmitters that enabled us to record both abdominal temperature and activity for long periods of time. Rats given nonabsorbable antibiotics in their drinking water, which reduced their gut flora, had a marked decrease in both their daytime and nighttime temperatures. Similar results were found with germfree mice. The circadian rhythms in body temperature of germfree and conventionalized mice were not different. However, the body temperatures of the germfree mice were lower than those of the conventionalized mice during both the daytime and nighttime. The decrease in body temperature in the germfree mice was not related to changes in activity. These results support the hypothesis that gut flora has a tonic stimulatory effect on both the daytime and nighttime body temperature of rodents.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

Minitracheotomy in the early respiratory management of patients with spinal injuries.

Minitracheotomy is a new technique of tracheal suction by the introduction under local anaesthetic of a small bore tube into the trachea through the cricothyroid membrane. The use of minitracheotomy in the early management of respiratory problems in patients with spinal injuries is described with a few illustrative cases. This technique is an adjunct to good physiotherapy in clearing secretions from the trachea. Its advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Relationship of stressful housing conditions to the onset of diabetes mellitus induced by multiple, sub-diabetogenic doses of streptozotocin in mice.

The effect of the stress of crowded housing conditions (10 mice/cage) on the onset of diabetes after multiple, sub-diabetogenic doses of streptozotocin (MSZ) in male C57BL/KsJ mice was investigated. Prior to MSZ treatment, the group-housed and individually-housed animals had similar plasma glucose levels, while the former group's plasma corticosterone (CS) levels were elevated (54 +/- 8 ng/ml, p less than 0.03; 166% of the latter group). The group-housed animals became hyperglycemic (253 +/- 23 mg/dl) 2 days after the MSZ (day 7), with maximum hyperglycemia (506 +/- 23 mg/dl) developing by day 10. The individually housed animals did not become hyperglycemic until day 10 (303 +/- 24 mg/dl, p less than 0.001), and did not reach maximal hyperglycemia until between days 31 and 46, when plasma glucose levels were no longer different from the group-housed mice (507 +/- 37 mg/dl). There was a significant and progressive rise in CS levels of the stressed animals, reaching 218 +/- 25 ng/ml at day 46. The rise in CS of the unstressed animals was not significant until day 46, when the mean value reached 96 +/- 19 ng/ml (p less than 0.001 vs. basal). However, even at the conclusion of the experiment, the mean CS in the stressed animals was still 227% of that in the unstressed group (p less than 0.001). These studies demonstrate that the effects of stress (biochemically documented as an increase in CS levels) act synergistically with streptozotocin to promote an earlier onset of diabetes mellitus in males of this murine strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Gestational diabetes: impact of home glucose monitoring on neonatal birth weight.

Two groups of 58 gestational diabetic women matched for age, prepregnancy weight, height, and parity were studied. The home glucose monitoring study group performed fasting and 1-hour postprandial capillary blood glucose testing after every meal. The control group was followed by conventional treatment. The incidence of macrosomia (birth weight of greater than or equal to 4000 gm) and large (greater than or equal to 90%) for gestational age infants was significantly reduced in the home glucose monitoring group. The mean birth weight of the study group was 3231 +/- 561 gm, while that of the control group was 3597 +/- 721 gm (p less than 0.002). Significantly more patients in the home glucose monitoring group were receiving insulin therapy (50% versus 21%). We believe that intensive home glucose monitoring will allow for the early identification of those gestational diabetic patients needing insulin and thus reduce the incidence of macrosomia and large for gestational age infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Very low-density lipoprotein metabolism in an unusual case of lipoatrophic diabetes.

Complete acquired lipoatrophic diabetes (LD) is characterized by nonketotic insulin-resistant diabetes, elevated very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride (TG) levels, and absent subcutaneous fat. We studied a young child in whom LD atypically developed after the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus. On uncontrolled home diet the patient had triglyceride levels over 1,000 mg/dL on multiple occasions. In order to demonstrate the effects of caloric and dietary-fat restriction on VLDL metabolism, 3H-glycerol and autologous 125I-VLDL were used to quantitate the turnover of VLDL-TG and VLDL-apolipoprotein B (apo B) during two periods of caloric restriction. Consumption of a 900-kcal 40-g fat diet resulted in a plasma triglyceride level of 1383 mg/dL (ten-fold elevation). This hypertriglyceridemia was associated with markedly increased production rates of both VLDL-TG (73.7 mg/kg/h) and VLDL-apo B (126.9 mg/kg/d). Consumption of a 900-kcal 25-g fat diet resulted in a plasma TG level of 663 mg/dL. This reduction in plasma TG was associated with a 40% decrease in VLDL-TG production rate (PR) (45.1 mg/kg/h). There was no change in the production rate (PR) of VLDL-apo B. The hypertriglyceridemia in this patient was due to marked over production of VLDL. Furthermore, the studies demonstrate: (1) the independent benefits of caloric and dietary-fat restriction in the treatment of LD, and (2) that fat restriction lowered plasma triglyceride by its effect on the VLDL-TG production rate.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1984

Cardiac exercise programs: role of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the value of telemetry monitoring for detection of new and significant electrocardiographic (ECG) or blood pressure abnormalities during outpatient cardiac exercise therapy. Following preliminary graded exercise testing, 177 cardiac patients underwent a four-week monitored exercise program three days per week. During 2248 training sessions, 12 of the 177 patients (7%) showed significant ECG or blood pressure abnormalities not evident on initial exercise testing, eight (5%) requiring change in medical therapy. Abnormalities included significant (greater than 2mm) ST-T displacement (two patients), ventricular arrhythmias (seven patients), and hypertensive exercise response (three patients). Eleven of the abnormalities (92%) appeared during the first three weeks of the program. Results indicated that continuous ECG and blood pressure monitoring offered a small but significant diagnostic yield not evident on preliminary graded exercise testing. One-year experience suggested that short-term (four weeks) exercise monitoring may be adequate for cardiac patients who undergo careful preliminary screening.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cerebral edema and ophthalmoplegia reversed by mannitol in a new case of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Cerebral edema is a sometimes fatal complication of diabetic ketoacidosis which occurs unpredictably and when biochemical parameters show improvement. A case of a young, newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic boy who developed this complication while receiving a low-dose continuous insulin infusion is reported. Two hours after treatment signs of headache, ophthalmoplegia, and blurred disc margins suggested early cerebral edema. Despite fluid restriction, avoidance of alkali, and phosphate supplementation, cerebral edema ensued three hours later. This complication was then reversed by administration of mannitol. Our patient's ophthalmoplegia, unlike typical diabetic ophthalmoplegia, improved immediately and completely resolved within two weeks after this episode. It is concluded that the use of mannitol in the cerebral edema of diabetic ketoacidosis is beneficial if it is instituted promptly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Ocular ergotamine tartrate toxicity during treatment of Vacor-induced orthostatic hypotension.

A 20-year-old woman developed severe orthostatic hypotension after attempting suicide by ingesting the rodenticide, Vacor. Oral ergotamine tartrate, 6 mg a day, was useful in treating the orthostatic hypotension. However, a bilateral toxic retinal vasculopathy, consisting of a severe generalized vasoconstriction and mild macular edema, occurred within three weeks. Additional findings were an extinguished electroretinogram and a reduced dark-adaptation retinal sensitivity; because we performed these two tests after instituting ergotamine therapy we do not know whether to attribute their abnormal results to Vacor toxicity, ergotamine toxicity, or a combination of the two.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of physical conditioning on cardiorespiratory function, body composition and serum lipids in relatively normal-weight and obese middle-aged women.

The primary purpose was to investigate the effects of a 12-week (4 day/week) physical conditioning program on cardiorespiratory function, body composition, and serum lipids (cholesterol and triglyceride concentration) in sedentary, middle-age women. A secondary purpose was to clarify the influence of excessive body fatness on the conditioning response. Forty-two 29 to 47-year-old premenopausal women volunteered; four were excluded and two dropped out, leaving 36 who completed the study, ie, 23 obese (O) (greater than 30 per cent fatness, mean = 38 per cent) and 13 lean to normal (N) (less than 30 per cent body fatness, mean = 25 per cent). The conditioning program included a 10-minute warm-up, 15 to 25 minutes of walking-jogging at an individually prescribed training heart rate corresponding to 75 per cent of maximal oxygen intake (VO2max) and a five-minute recovery period. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure at a given submaximal work load decreased in both N and O. VO2max increased (P less than 0.001 in both groups. The average increase in O was 15.0 per cent and 18.9 per cent and in N 12.6 per cent and 12.7 per cent when VO2max was expressed inlitre .min-1 and cm3.kg-1.min-1 respectively. HRmax remained unchanged in N, but decreased slightly (P less than 0.01) in O. Body weight remained essentially unchanged in N, yet decreased (P less than 0.001) in O. The sum of ten skinfolds decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) in both groups, but with a greater reduction in O. Fatness decreased slightly in N (P less than 0.05) and more in O (P less than 0.001) while fat-free weight remained unchanged in both groups. The conditioning program had no effect on serum lipids in either group. Thus, a physical conditioning program of moderate intensity affected obese and leaner women in a similar fashion.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Behavioral responses in 7 to 9 month old infants to speech and non-speech stimuli.

A comparison was made of the behavioral responses of 36 infants (18 M, 18 F) aged 7--9 mo, to natural speech, warbled tone of 3 kc/s. and a noise band of 2--4 kc/s. The intensity level for speech was significantly lower, and the number of responses for speech was significantly higher, than for the other two stimuli. Girls demonstrated a significantly lower mean threshold and a significantly higher number of responses than boys. The threshold means for all three stimuli were significantly lower and the number of responses were significantly higher for the R ear than for the L ear in girls, but not in boys. There was no difference in threshold means for speech between the L and the R ears for the whole population, but there was a significantly higher number of responses to speech stimuli by girls, but not for boys, in the R ear than in the L ear.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1976

Relationship of blood and saliva lactate and pyruvate concentrations.

Lactate and pyruvate concentrations of blood and saliva were investigated in nine healthy young men before and after maximal exercise. Lactate and pyruvate concentrations in saliva and blood were found to be unrealted. Interpretation favored salivary gland anaerobic metabolism as the origin of salivary lactate, but the large difference of 80 mg per 100 ml between blood and saliva found after 12 min of recovery may represent a threshold value and leaves unanswered the question on the origin of lactate in saliva. Multiple sampling following the recovery period for a longer time may change the present interpretation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of ultrasound on the permeability of D2O through cellulose membranes.

The effect of ultrasound energy on the permeability of water through cellulose membranes was studied using deuterium oxide (D2O) as a tracer. The same membrane was used for control (no ultrasound) and ultrasound experiments in a sequential reversal design. Transfer of D2O to a 2% albumin solution was measured in a glass dializing cell with membrane area of 11 cm2. Ultrasonic energy was supplied for 45 min by a hydrosonic bath (Linden Laboratories) at an intensity of 0.18 watt/cm2, an energy level commonly used for therapeutic purposes. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in water transfer due to the ultrasound treatment irrespective of the sequence of application of ultrasound. It was concluded that ultrasound energy increases water permeability through cellulose dializing membranes. Whether or not increased water permeability is the operating mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of ultrasonic bath therapy remains unanswered.

Baths↗