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Biomedical subjects

B Fraser

Publications and source records attributed to B Fraser.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Plasma noradrenaline and renovascular hypertension in the rat.

1. Plasma noradrenaline was measured in groups of rats up to 4 weeks after application of a renal artery clip. 2. When renal artery clipping was accoumpanied by contralateral nephrectomy (one-kidney model) plasma noradrenaline was significantly higher in hypertensive rats than in sham-operated control rats at 7, 14 and 28 days. 3. Plasma noradrenaline was not altered at any time examined in the two-kidney model (unilateral clip and contralateral kidney left in situ). 4. Neurogenic mechanisms mediated by the peripheral sympathetic nervous system appear to participate in the development of one-kidney renovascular hypertension, but do not play a significant role in the two-kidney model.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence and progress of middle ear effusion in allergy practice as detected by acoustic otoscope reflectometry.

The incidence and progress of middle ear effusion (MEE) in allergy practice is not well established in prospective studies. A total of 393 patients were screened for MEE by history and physical including pneumatic otoscopy, prick and intradermal skin tests, acoustic otoscope reflectometry (AOR), impedance tympanometry (IT), and audiometry for those with established MEE. The primary diagnosis of the screened patients was intrinsic asthma in 70 or 18%, allergic rhinitis in 134 or 34%, allergic rhinitis and asthma in 80 or 21%, miscellaneous in 103 or 26%. Twenty patients were receiving immunotherapy (5%), and 89 (23%) had middle ear effusion (MEE). Among the MEE group were 52 males (58%), 37 females (42%), with an average age of 13 years, median of 8 years, and range of 6 months to 13 years. The MEE group was statistically different demographically from the initial group (P < .05) for age and history of recurrent otitis. The MEE group's primary diagnosis was similar to that of the initial group, except that there was a statistically significant difference in the number of patients on immunotherapy (P < .05) and those in the MEE group, with 11 (12%) versus 20 or 5% in the initial group. MEE resolved in 91% of cases which could be followed to resolution, with average duration of nasal steroid of 4 weeks, average duration of effusion 8 weeks, median 4 weeks, range 1 week to 6 months. Effusions in 8 patients (9%) were intractable with duration greater than 3 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Latex hypersensitivity in a horse farmer.

Latex immediate hypersensitivity has been documented in 28% to 67% of spina bifida patients, 2.6%-16.9% of health care workers and at least 1% of the general population. Additionally, it has been confirmed in food-sensitive individuals sensitive to cross-reacting foods such as chestnut, avocado, banana, and passion fruits. Recently it has been observed even in low risk populations that are defined by absence of the conventional risk factors of atopy and exposure. We report the first documented case of latex allergy in a horse farmer who had the joint factors of atopy and exposure. This case exemplifies the paramount importance of screening all patients with a careful history first and appropriate testing for latex allergy when possible.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The free running athletic screening test as a screening test for exercise-induced asthma in high school.

As part of a multicenter study envisioned by the American College of Allergy Sports Committee to screen for exercise-induced asthma, 303 high school students, freshman and sophomore gym classes, completed a questionnaire concerning exercise-related asthma, chronic asthma, and atopy. The study group included 124 females (41%) and 179 males (59%) with an average and median age of 15 years and a range of 13-17 years, and included 99% Caucasian and 1% nonCaucasian students, all attending the same parochial high school. After obtaining informed consent, 112 (37%) agreed to a free running test with initial challenge on an outdoor cinder track during April-June 1995. All challenges were conducted between 8:00 A.M. and noon with relative-humidity 59% and average temperature 15 degrees C. The challenge consisted of 7 minutes of continuous running on the cinder track with a doubling of pulse rate to 160/min during the run. Peak expiratory flows were taken at baseline, 0, 5, and 10 minutes postexercise. Twenty nine of 112 (26%) of the students were initially assessed as positive challenges, defined as a 15% decline in peak flow following exercise on the first challenge. However, four students self-recovered; thus 25 of 112 (22%) were qualified as true positives. Of these 25, 20 (80%) agreed to be reexercised. Fourteen of 20 (70%) were positive, yielding a prevalence rate of 14/112 (12.5%). Sixteen of these 20 (80%) were then exercised a third time using spirometry pre- and postexercise. Eight were positive, yielding a prevalence rate of 8/112 (7%). The questionnaire correlated significantly with the challenge, particularly when read by section (p = 0.000001) rather than globally positive or negative (p = 0.00008), with a specificity of 64%, sensitivity of 94%, positive predictive value of 44%, and negative predictive value of 97%. In summary, inexpensive and familiar free-running tests can be a useful screening test to confirm the questionnaire which is sensitive (94%) in ruling in, but has low specificity (64%) in ruling out, exercise-induced asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stressors and concerns in teen asthma.

Adolescence is a time of increased stress because of intellectual, physical, and sexual maturity culminating in a desire for autonomy. Chronic asthma is perceived as a burden handicapping autonomy. This is apparent in the impairment of athletic and social activity. Furthermore, there is the requirement for inhaled medications that are perceived as hampering crucial peer identification. Nonadherence is epidemic, best resolved by empathetic rapport with the adolescent, family, and peer group while maintaining the status of a culturally and ethnically sensitive professional respected by the adolescent. The adept provider negotiates treatment plans in consultation with the adolescent with mutual respect. Treatment needs to be simple; once or twice per day, with a clear action plan acknowledging when to call the provider.

Adolescent↗