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Biomedical subjects

B Fridlund

Publications and source records attributed to B Fridlund.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Psychiatric nurses' conceptions of how a group supervision programme in nursing care influences their professional competence: a 4-year follow-up study.

AIM: The aim of the study was to describe, after 4 years, psychiatric nurses' conceptions of how a 2-year group supervision programme within nursing care had influenced their professional competence. BACKGROUND: The intention of group supervision in nursing care is to understand nurses' experiences within real care settings and to structure these in a professional and personal context. METHODS: Ten psychiatric nurses participated in a 2-year group supervision programme. They were interviewed 4 years after the group supervision was ended. Data were analysed according to the phenomenographic method. FINDINGS: Six description categories emerged: a feeling of job satisfaction; gaining knowledge and competence; gaining a sense of security in nursing situations; a feeling of personal development; realizing the value of supervision; and a sense of professional solidarity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the 4-year follow-up showed that a group supervision programme in nursing care had lasting influences on the psychiatric nurses' professional competence in the form of a pronounced professional identity and an integrated nursing care perspective. Group supervision contributes to maintaining the strength and energy needed to carry on working, which makes continuing supervision necessary. IMPLICATIONS: An important research implication could be to investigate the type of knowledge that ought to be developed within group supervision in nursing care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Conceptions of life situation among next-of-kin of haemodialysis patients.

The presence of renal disease in a family is a strain on both the patient and the next-of-kin, affecting their life situations. Surprisingly, few studies dealing with the ways that the next-of-kin experience their situation are available. The aim of this study was to describe how the next-of-kin of haemodialysis patients conceive their life situation. Data were collected by interviewing 12 people who live with someone with dialysis-treated renal disease and analysed according to a qualitative method inspired by the phenomenographic approach. Six description categories of how the subjects construed their life situation emerged: a feeling of confinement; a feeling of social isolation; a feeling that the way of life has changed; a feeling of security in life; a feeling of a threatening future; and promoting health. The next-of-kin generally expressed a large degree of commitment to and concern for the sick person. In spite of their life situation having been dramatically changed, the next-of-kin described an ability to adapt. With the help of society the feelings of confinement and social isolation can be dispersed, enabling the next-of-kin to promote the health of the sick person. A suggestion for further research is to study what adaptation strategies next-of-kin use in their life situation.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Nursing students' experience of their first professional encounter with people having mental disorders.

The aim of the study was to generate a theoretical model of what nursing students experience in their first professional encounter with people having mental disorders. Data was collected by interviewing 11 nursing students, selected by strategic sampling. Grounded theory analysis was chosen for the study. Findings showed that the students' personal qualities and the patients' behaviour affected the students' experience. When nursing students who had their own needs in focus met patients who rejected them, they felt helpless, and patients wishing to establish a relationship with them confirmed their positive or negative expectations. Nursing students who were focused on patients' needs met the patient as a unique person and felt confident despite being rejected by the patient, as well as proud when the patients wished to establish a relationship with them. Clinical university teachers can use the findings to gain knowledge about how each student feels as well as to guide them through their psychiatric training. The sample is small and further research is needed to generalize the findings of this study and to explore how nursing students, specialist psychiatric nurses and nurses in other disciplines experience the encounter with patients as well as how patients describe encounters with caregivers.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Trends in the misuse of androgenic anabolic steroids among boys 16-17 years old in a primary health care area in Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of an appearance programme in preventing the misuse of androgenic anabolic steroids among male adolescents in a primary health care area in Sweden. METHODS: Attitudes to steroid hormones among 16-17 years old male and female adolescents are discussed. A well-established anonymous multiple-choice questionnaire was answered by 921 adolescents and statistically analysed. RESULTS: The misuse of androgenic anabolic steroids tended to decrease after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The misuse of androgenic anabolic steroids did not increase, and even tended to decrease, after the intervention, indicating that drug-abuse among male adolescents can be decreased through discussions about appearance and attitudes. Repeat and prospective studies have to be done before this intervention programme can be generalised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Satisfaction with routine follow-up visits to the physician--the needs of patients with breast cancer.

Follow-up visits after surgery for breast cancer constitute a large proportion of the outpatient consultations at surgical and oncological clinics. The reasons for the follow-ups include early detection of relapse, patients' well-being, and data collection for quality assurance and scientific studies. The aim of this study was to describe the needs of the patient with breast cancer and satisfaction with routine follow-up visits to the physician. A strategic sample of 20 women with breast cancer, routinely followed-up at an oncology outpatient clinic, was interviewed. A qualitative descriptive design inspired by the phenomenographic method was used. The results identified the need for routines, accessibility, security, continuity, confidence and information. The women's views demonstrated that there are strong reasons for reviewing and changing the design of the traditional follow-up system to obtain the most effective and well-functioning system possible to better meet these women's needs.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The prevalence of the use of androgenic anabolic steroids by adolescents in a county of Sweden.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of the use of androgenic anabolic steroids has been poorly studied in Europe. This study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of the misuse--the non-medical use--of androgenic anabolic steroids among adolescents in a county of Sweden. METHODS: The total population of 16 and 17 year old male and female adolescents in a county on the south-west coast of Sweden was studied. The investigation was done by an anonymous multiple-choice questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by 5,827 pupils and statistically analysed. The participation rate was 95%. RESULTS: Among male adolescents 16 and 17 years old, 3.6% and 2.8% had misused androgenic anabolic steroids, respectively. These male adolescents had also misused alcohol, growth hormones and narcotic drugs more than the steroid hormone non-users. Among female adolescents there was no recorded misuse of these drugs (0.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The misuse of androgenic anabolic steroids is a reality in both small and large municipalities in Sweden. The prevalence figures are higher among 16 year old compared to 17 year old male adolescents. There is an association between this drug misuse and other substance misuse such as narcotic drugs. Female adolescents do not misuse steroid hormones. The findings indicate the need for preventive work among male adolescents in order to induce adolescents not to start misusing androgenic anabolic steroids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The association between socio-economic status and chest pain, focusing on self-rated health in a primary health care area of Sweden.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to determine, first, the association between men's and women's chest pain and their socio-economic status (occupation, smoking) and, secondly, the association between their socio-economic status and self-rated health, in a primary health care area. DESIGN AND SETTING: A population-based cross-sectional survey was made in a primary health care area of Sweden. Primarily based on occupation according to Swedish standards, 4,238 men and women were divided into two socio-economic groups; blue-collar and white-collar workers. METHODS: Odds ratios with 95% CI were calculated by multivariate logistic regression, controlling for the variable age as confounding factor. Student's t-test was used to compare self-rated health, and the chi 2-test to determine any difference in smoking habits between the two groups. MAIN RESULTS: Both male and female blue-collar workers showed significantly more chest pain when excited than white-collar workers. In six of eight health indices, they also reported significantly worse self-rated health than the white-collar workers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that there are socio-economic inequalities in self-reported chest pain. Furthermore, socio-economic status has a major influence on self-rated health, acting across the working life of both sexes.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Recall of an oral health education programme by nursing personnel in special housing facilities for the elderly.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the recall of oral health knowledge and confidence by nursing personnel in special housing facilities for the elderly, three years after an education programme. DESIGN: A cross sectional design using a questionnaire. SAMPLE: All nursing personnel, a total of 2,901 subjects, in five municipalities in south-western Sweden; of whom 950 had attended the programme. The response rate was 67% (1930 subjects). INTERVENTION: An oral health education programme consisting of four one-hour lessons. RESULTS: The oral health education programme still had an effect on the participants' attitudes towards oral health three years later. When comparing the trained group (OHEP+) which attended the programme with those who did not have training (OHEP-), the perceived ability, opportunity and the knowledge of oral health were significantly better in the former group, p < 0.01 Further, within the OHEP- group who did not attend the programme there was a significant difference in the perceived ability, opportunity and the knowledge of oral health between those with a higher level of health care education, p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of an oral health education programme on the participants' attitudes towards oral health persists at least for three years. The data indicate that trainees with a low level of health care education benefit most.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

How bystanders perceive their cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention; a qualitative study.

The importance of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior to arrival of the emergency medical service is well documented. In Sweden, CPR is initiated prior to emergency medical services (EMS) arrival in about 30% of cardiac arrests out-of-hospital, a figure which should be improved urgently. To do so, it is of interest to know more about the bystanders' perceptions of their intervention. A qualitative method inspired by the phenomenographic approach was applied to 19 bystanders who had performed CPR. In the analysis, five main categories and 14 subcategories emerged. The main categories were: to have a sense of humanity, to have competence, to feel an obligation, to have courage and to feel exposed. Interviews described how humanity and concern for another human being were the foundation of their intervention. CPR training offers the possibility to give appropriate help in this emergency. If the aim of CPR training was extended beyond teaching the skill of CPR to include preparation of the rescuer for the intervention and his/her reactions, this might increase the number of people able to take action in the cardiac arrest situation.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed2000

Women's views of counselling received in connection with breast-feeding after reduction mammoplasty.

The aim of this study was to generate a theoretical model of the experiences of women, who had undergone reduction mammoplasty, of counselling received in connection with breast-feeding. Data were collected through interviews with 12 breast-reduced women who had given birth to a child, and the material was analysed by means of the grounded theory method. Written permission to post notices at the child welfare centres had been obtained from the primary care managers. The women themselves applied for participation in the study. The results showed that their need for counselling from somebody who listened attentively to them and gave advice in connection with breast-feeding, was considerable. The women could have a feeling of self-reliance, ambivalence, acceptance or guilt, depending on the extent to which they perceived to have received counselling from their family members. At the same time, their experiences of the encounter with the nursing staff were of crucial importance. Lack of active listening and counselling from the nursing staff can be counterbalanced by support from relatives. However, when such support is not forthcoming, the nursing staff must be able to support the women in their role of a mother, which requires that education and supervision are given to the staff. The findings of the study can be used as a basis for further research into the need for support of the families concerned.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and their conceptions of the life situation: a qualitative analysis.

The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is today widely used for the treatment of sudden cardiac near-death episodes as a result of malignant ventricular dysrhythmia. After examining the literature, only four descriptive studies, all carried out in the USA, with a qualitative analysis based on ICD-patients' own perspectives on their life situation have been found. The aim of this study was to describe how patients living with an ICD-device in south-western Sweden conceive their life situation. As the focus was on patients' conceptions seen from a holistic perspective, an analysis inspired by phenomenography was employed on a strategic sample of 15 ICD-patients. Six categories emerged: a feeling of safety, a feeling of gratitude, a feeling of being, having a network, having a belief in the future, and gaining awareness. Although the findings cannot be generalized because of the descriptive research design, they illuminate the beneficial as well as intrusive effects of such a device, and emphasize the need for support groups for patients and families as well as further education for personnel in hospital and primary health care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Self-rated health in women after their first myocardial infarction: a 12-month comparison between participation and nonparticipation in a cardiac rehabilitation progamme.

A myth persists that myocardial infarction (MI) mainly affects men. This seems to have resulted in women receiving less cardiac rehabilitation than men. The aim of this study was to compare women's self-rated health among those who voluntarily did and those who did not participate in a cardiac rehabilitation programme (CRP) within 12 months after their first MI. A nonrandomised evaluation study design including a pre- and posttest was implemented in 18 acute hospitals in the southwestern part of Sweden. Two hundred and forty consecutively chosen women suffering their first MI were asked to complete two self-rated questionnaires at the onset of the MI and 12 months later. The results showed that about 50% of the women took part in a CRP. Women who participated in a CRP reported more medical problems. such as anginal pain (p < 0.05), and received more interventional cardiology (p < 0.05) 12 months after the MI. Irrespective of participation in a CRP, the women succeeded with behavioural changes. such as giving up smoking, starting exercising, and becoming more diet conscious (all p < 0.001). The only benefits identified, related to CRP participation, were a higher back-at-work rate (p < 0.05) and normalised blood pressure (p < 0.05). The findings indicate that today's CRPs are not female adapted in that they neither offer emotional support in the short term nor support a feeling of belonging in the long term and that the health care professionals involved are not aware of this fact. Consequently, considering the findings and the design procedure, it would be useful to compare, through a randomised clinical trial, a traditional risk-factor-based education CRP and a long-term individual-based supportive CRP performed by well-educated health care professionals targeting women after MI.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Ability to estimate oral health status and treatment need in elderly receiving home nursing--a comparison between a dental hygienist and a dentist.

The aim of this study was to compare the estimation ability of a dental hygienist to that of a dentist when, independently, recording the oral health status and treatment need in a population of elderly, receiving home nursing. Seventy-three persons, enrolled in a home nursing long-time care programme, were recruited. For the oral examination a newly developed protocol with comparatively blunt measurement variables was used. The oral examination protocol was tested for construct validity and for internal consistency reliability. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank sum test for testing differences, while inter-examiner agreement was estimated by calculating the kappa-values. Comparing the two examiners, good agreement was demonstrated for all mucosal recordings, colour, form, wounds, blisters, mucosal index, and for the palatal but not the lingual mucosa. For the latter, the dental hygienist recorded significantly more changes. The dental hygienist also recorded significantly higher plaque index values. Also regarding treatment intention and treatment need, the dental hygienist's estimation was somewhat higher. In conclusion, when comparing the dental hygienist's and the dentist's ability to estimate oral health status, treatment intention, and treatment need, some differences were observed, the dental hygienist tending to register "on the safe side", calling attention to the importance of inter-examiner calibration. However, for practical purpose the inter-examiner agreement was acceptable, constituting a promising basis for future out-reach activities.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of an educational programme for the early detection of cancer.

Avoiding patient's and doctor's delay is important for the detection of cancer. In order to study the possibilities for shortening the delay, without causing anxiety, an educational programme for early detection of cancer (EPEDC) was worked out, aimed to be evaluated at the community level. A community with 77,100 inhabitants, was informed about cancer symptoms in a letter. Participants who observed the cancer symptoms, described in the letter, were invited to visit the health centres, where they were interviewed and examined according to a specially designed schedule. Guidelines for taking care of these participants were also worked out. Fifteen previously unknown cancers were detected. By means of a telephone interview and a questionnaire the reactions to the EPEDC were studied. The results indicate that it is possible to inform and educate the population about cancer symptoms without causing anxiety on condition that there is an organisation which can be contacted without delay by subjects with potential cancer symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cancer patients' experiences of nurses' behaviour and health promotion activities: a critical incident analysis.

Patients with head and neck cancer report several disease- and health-related problems before, during and a long time after completed treatment. Nurses have an important role in educating/supporting these patients about/through the disease and treatment so that they can attain well-being. This study describes the cancer patients' experiences of nurses' behaviour in terms of critical incidents after nurses had given them care to promote health. The study had a qualitative, descriptive design and the method used was the critical incident technique. Twenty-one informants from the Nordic countries diagnosed with head and neck cancer were strategically selected. It was explained to the informants what a critical incident implies before the interviews took place; this was defined as a major event of great importance, an incident, which the informants still remember, due to its great importance for the outcome of their health and well-being. The nurses' behaviour was examined, and critical incidents were involved in 208 cases-150 positive and 58 negative ones-the number of incidents varying between three and 20 per informant. The nurses' health promotion activities or lack of such activities based on the patients' disease, treatment and symptoms, consisted of informing and instructing the patients as well as enabling their participation. Personal consideration and the nurses' cognisance, knowledge, competence, solicitude, demeanour and statements of understanding were found to be important. Continuous health promotion nursing interventions were of considerable value for the majority of this group of cancer patients. Oncology nurses could reconfirm and update the care of head and neck cancer patients by including health promotion activities in individual care plans. By more frequent use of health promotion models, such as the empowerment model, the nurses could identify and focus on those individuals who needed to alter their life-style as well as tailor their approach towards these patient by setting goals for well-being and a healthy life-style.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Conceptions of oral health among nurse managers. A qualitative analysis.

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe how nurse managers perceive oral health in general and the oral health of the care-receiver in particular. BACKGROUND: Oral health and general health are independent and influence each other through biological, psychological, emotional and developmental factors. To most adults, oral health is a natural daily routine of hygiene, whereas to people who are dependent on other people's assistance, it is a procedure carried out by nursing personnel. METHODS: Data were collected through interviews and analysed according to the phenomenographical method. FINDINGS: Five categories emerged describing how nurse managers perceive oral health: maintaining patients' well-being, having knowledge about oral health, behaviour towards the patient, feeling of being insufficient and creating the necessary conditions. CONCLUSION: The nurses considered oral health an important and obvious, but neglected, part of nursing. They expressed the wish to be updated in the knowledge area concerned, both for themselves and for their personnel. A majority called for standards for oral care, including documentation, which was considered necessary for the successful implementation. IMPLICATIONS: A suggestion for further research is to study whether the creation of national standards may increase its status and quality.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Promoting medical self-care: evaluation of a family intervention implemented in the primary health care by pharmacies.

BACKGROUND: Medical self-care is the range of behaviours undertaken by people to promote or restore health when dealing with a medical problem. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate medical self-care effects of a family intervention implemented in primary health care by pharmacies, in terms of non-professional and professional involvement. METHODS: The intervention was implemented in one of two primary health care areas during a 4-month period and involved consecutive families acting as an intervention (IG, n = 94) or a control (CG, n = 93) group. Eight telephone interviews were conducted with each family. The families were asked about complaints of illness, how long they prevailed and how they were treated. RESULTS: The results showed (P < 0.05-0.0001) that the IG had more medical problems (931 versus 621) compared with the CG, were less hospitalized (4 versus 10), stayed at home more to take care of sick children (84 versus 40), read more medical brochures (121 versus 31), tried more non-medical treatments (228 versus 116), and had fewer visits to the department of paediatrics but more visits to primary health care (69 and 98 versus 90 and 68). CONCLUSIONS: Due to the non-randomization procedure, some caution with regard to generalization of the results must be taken, but they are in concordance with established knowledge of the usefulness of medical self-care. The results indicate that a brief intervention for families can change the use of health authorities. It therefore seems meaningful to implement the intervention in a more comprehensive way in the primary health care setting, while at the same time trying to implement it as a large-scale randomized experimental study, comprising aspects such as the individual's need for care, the use of the right organization level and the assessment of economic costs and savings.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗