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Biomedical subjects

B G Hansson

Publications and source records attributed to B G Hansson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis B and C viruses among different groups of medical staff.

The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) among the medical staff of a department of infectious diseases and a dialysis unit was studied (n = 80). Among medical staff from some selected emergency and operating units at elevated risk for blood exposure (n = 231) the prevalence of antibodies to both hepatitis B and C viruses was determined. Three out of 311 staff members tested (0.96%) were positive for anti-HCV, 1 from an emergency unit and 2 from surgery departments. 14/231 tested for anti-HBc (6.1%) were positive. None of these was positive for HBsAg. Thus, the prevalence of anti-HCV among medical staff frequently dealing with anti-HCV positive patients or at elevated risk for blood exposure was low and did not differ considerably from what has been found among healthy blood donors. The prevalence of markers for passed hepatitis B was only slightly augmented compared to what has been reported from the general population.

Hepacivirus↗
PubMed1992

Chronic liver disease in Ethiopia: a clinical study with emphasis on identifying common causes.

Between July 1986 and April 1989, 334 hospitalized adult Ethiopian patients with chronic liver disease were studied according to a protocol to define their clinical features and to identify risk factors with the aim of preventive intervention. Of these, 14 had chronic hepatitis, 208 cirrhosis and 112 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both clinical and histological diagnostic criteria were employed. A detailed questionnaire was used to document demographic and clinical data. A common clinical presentation among patients with chronic hepatitis was darkening of the face and hands with or without hypertrichosis of the face and blisters over the dorsi of the hands. This overt or latent form of porphyrea cutanea tarda (PCT) responds to chloroquine. Patients with cirrhosis of the liver commonly present for the first time with ascites, splenomegaly, haematemesis and/or melena from oesophageal varices, and mental changes due to hepatic encephalopathy. Overt or latent forms of PCT are also common features. Peculiar to these cirrhotics is the rarity of spider naevi, gynaecomastia, testicular atrophy, Dupuytren's contracture, parotid gland enlargement and clubbing of the fingers. Exhaustion, loss of appetite, rapid loss of weight, right upper quadrant and/or epigastric pain (all often of less than 6 months' duration, a big, hard, tender and grossly nodular liver with bruit, signs of portal hypertension, and/or hepatic encephalopathy, in a young male with a rapid down hill course characterize the Ethiopian patient with HCC. Serum anti-nuclear factor, anti-mitochondrial anti-bodies and anti-smooth muscle anti-bodies were absent in those with chronic hepatitis and were uncommon in the cirrhotics and HCC cases. One or more hepatitis B virus markers were found in 86% of chronic hepatitis, 88% cirrhosis and 78% HCC and the HBsAg carrier state was found in 36%, 29% and 23%, respectively. Among the HBsAg carriers, HBeAg positivity was less common than anti-HBe but anti-HDV was significantly higher than in the healthy general population. Alphafetoprotein (AFP) levels greater than 500 mg/ml were present in 16 (8%) cirrhotics and 58 (52%) patients with HCC. Histologically, 3 of the chronic hepatitis patients had progressed to cirrhosis, 8 of the cirrhotic patients had chronic active hepatitis and 85% of HCC cases occurred in a background of macronodular cirrhosis. Three cirrhotics developed HCC during follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Sites that bind polymerized albumin on hepatitis B surface antigen particles: detection by radioimmunoassay.

Antibodies to polymerized human albumin (poly-HSA) could not be detected by using sensitive methods (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoprecipitation) in sera from chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or in serial bleedings from one chimpanzee infected with type A hepatitis virus and one infected with non-A, non-B hepatitis virus. By a solid-phase radioimmunoassay, receptor sites for poly-HSA could be detected on HBsAg particles from sera containing either hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg) or anti-HBe. Blocking experiments showed that monomeric HSA did not bind to this receptor. In general, the HBsAg particles from sera with HBeAg had more poly-HSA receptor sites or relatively more particles carrying this receptor compared with HBsAg from sera with anti-HBe. Microtiter plates coated with poly-HSA bound HBsAg from sera containing HBeAg with greater efficiency than did anti-HBs coupled to a solid phase (Ausria II beads), whereas with sera positive for anti-HBe, the two assays were equally sensitive. Decreased ability of HBsAg to bind to poly-HSA was seen in some sera which had been stored for a few years at 4 degrees C, whereas the binding to anti-HBs was unaffected. It is possible that polymers of albumin on the surface of hepatocytes could function as receptors for hepatitis B virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Unilateral renal artery stenosis and hypertension. II. Angiographic findings correlated with blood pressure response after surgery.

The findings at preoperative nephroangiography of 42 hypertensive patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis or occlusion were correlated with the blood pressure response following surgery and also with the preoperative renal vein renin activity ratio. A stenosis reducing luminal area by at least 90 per cent (or occlusion) and the presence of collateral circulation are considered to be highly suggestive of renovascular hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Bilateral renal artery stenosis/occlusion and renovascular hypertension. Correlation of angiographic findings with blood pressure response after surgery.

In a previous study of unilateral renal artery stenosis the angiograms of patients with a favourable blood pressure response after surgery were found to be characterized by a reduction of renal arterial lumen greater than or equal to 90% and/or renal collateral circulation. Ancillary features were post-stenotic dilatation and a reduction of kidney length greater than or equal to 1 cm (Andersson; Andersson, Bergentz, Dymling, Ericsson, Hansson & Hökfelt). This report deals with 32 patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis who were followed 6--54 months after operation. The preoperative angiograms were analysed retrospectively without knowledge of the blood pressure response. In patients with bilateral fibromuscular dysplasia a good correlation was found between the above-mentioned criteria and a favourable blood pressure respone. In patients with bilateral arteriosclerotic stenosis no correlation was found. It was concluded that renal angiography constitutes a valuable predictive test in bilateral non-arteriosclerotic stenosis. In the presence of bilateral arteriosclerotic stenosis the selection of patients for surgery should be based on other parameters such as kidney function, age and general vascular status of the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of metoprolol on blood glycerol, free fatty acids, triglycerides and glucose in relation to plasma catecholamines in hypertensive patients at rest and following submaximal work.

Studies were performed in nine male patients with moderate hypertension. Treatment with metoprolol, 50--150 mg three times daily for 4--17 weeks, had no effect on the plasma level of glycerol, free fatty acids, triglycerides or glucose under basal conditions, neither in the supine nor in the upright position. Submaximal work, performed postprandially, increased plasma glycerol before medication but not during metoprolol, in spite of a marked increase in plasma noradrenaline. The work load employed caused no change in free fatty acids, triglycerides or glucose, neither before medication nor during metoprolol.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1978

Serologic markers of hepatitis A and B in chronic active hepatitis.

Sera from 44 patients with a well-documented diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) were analysed for antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBs, e-antigen (HBeAg) and anti-HBe, as well as antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Twenty-two patients had serologic evidence of hepatitis A infection. The frequency of anti-HAV was low in patients under 50 years of age (21%) but high among older patients (72%). There was, however, no significant difference between patients and age-matched controls regarding the prevalence of anti-HAV in serum. Markers for hepatitis B virus were found in 10 patients or 23% as compared with about 10% in Swedish blood donors. The results indicate that hepatitis A virus is of little importance in the pathogenesis of CAH and confirm the association between hepatitis B virus and development of chronic active hepatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Glucose tolerance and insulin release in hypertensive patients treated with the cardioselective beta-receptor blocking agent metoprolol.

Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were studied under fasting conditions and following an i.v. and an oral glucose load, respectively, in nine males with moderate hypertension before treatment, after one month on placebo and after three months on the cardioselective beta-receptor blocking agent metoprolol. The studies were performed under metabolic ward conditions. The reproducibility of blood glucose and plasma insulin values following an i.v. glucose load was very good. Medication with metoprolol caused no changes in the fasting levels of blood glucose or plasma insulin, nor in the blood glucose response following a glucose load given i.v. or orally. The initial and total integrated insulin response to the i.v. administration of glucose was similar before and during metroprolol. Following oral glucose both the total integrated blood glucose response and the insulin response were unaffected by treatment with metoprolol.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Persistence of serum antibody to hepatitis B core antigen.

The purpose of the present study was to measure the amount of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in different populations by the immunoelectroosmophoresis method. High titers of anti-HBc, up to 1/4,096, were found in the acute stage of hepatitis B virus infections and in the chronic carrier state of hepatitis B surface antigen. In cases of acute hepatitis the anti-HBc titers gradually declined to low levels but persisted for the observation time of 5 to 6 years. Individuals positive for antibodies to hepatitis B surface and core antigens selected from a Swedish "normal" population showed still lower anti-HBc titers, indicating that the hepatitis B infection had occurred earlier. The anti-HBc titers in sera drawn at intervals of 4 years from a group of hemophilia patients may indicate previous infection with replicating hepatitis B virus rather than immunization with noninfectious hepatitis B core antigen material.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Antibodies to hepatitis B surface and core antigens in haemophiliacs and their contacts among hospital personnel.

In a group of 65 haemophilia patients one was a chronic carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the remaining 64 patients had antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). The antigen carrier and 63 of 64 haemophiliacs with anti-HBs also had antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). In a second group consisting of 6 younger haemophiliacs, whose treatment with clotting-factor concentrates was started after the initiation of HBsAg tests of all blood products, 3 showed evidence of ongoing or past infection with hepatitis B virus. The prevalences of anti-HBs and anti-HBc among the personnel of the Coagulation Laboratory did not differ from that of the normal population. Anti-HBs was detected by passive haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay, and anti-HBc by immunoelectroosmophoresis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Long term treatment of moderate hypertension with penbutolol (Hoe 893d). II. Effect on the response of plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity to insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the blood levels of catecholamines and renin activity has been studied in five patients with moderate hypertension before and after treatment for 3 - 8 months with penbutolol (PEN) 20 - 30 mg twice daily. Penbutolol caused no change in fasting blood glucose level. Insulin o.1 IU per kg body weight i.v. reduced blood glucose concentration by approximately 50 per cent after 30 - 45 min, both before and during treatment with penbutolol. Hypoglycemia prior to medication was accompanied by a marked increase in the production of adrenaline and a minor increase of noradrenaline in all five patients. During treatment the response of adrenaline to hypoglycemia was reduced in four patients and the data was inconclusive in one. Basal renin activity was rather low in three patients, within the normal range in one and relatively high in one. Before penbutolol the hypoglycemia-induced increase in catecholamine production caused no change in plasma renin activity in the three patients with low basal levels, whereas a marked increase was observed in the other two. During medication plasma renin activity remained unchanged on induction of hypoglycemia regardless of the catecholamine response. Despite the marked increase in plasma adrenaline following insulin-induced hypoglycemia, no statistically significant increase in pulse rate was recorded.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗