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Biomedical subjects

B G Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to B G Sanders.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Demonstration of a cellular defect in the thymus of hereditary muscular dystrophic chickens.

The thymuses of different aged hereditary muscular-dystrophic (MD) chickens were examined for abnormalities. Histochemical analyses showed a normal cellular profile. Thymic myoid cells were normal as to numbers, size, distribution, and metabolic status. The thymuses of MD chickens, however, exhibited two abnormalities not found in age and sex-matched normal controls. The thymus lobes were smaller in size and weighed less than the thymus lobes from controls, and the thymus cells from MD chickens gave reduced Con A and elevated PHA-T-cell mitogen-mediated blastogenic responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Chicken fetal and adult antigen expression on erythroleukemia cells before and after induced differentiation.

Avian erythroblastosis virus strain R (AEV)-transformed, cloned erythroleukemia cells from three different ages of SC strain chickens were analyzed before and after differentiation induced by 1.0 mM butyric acid for expression of chicken fetal antigens (CFAs) and chicken adult antigens (CAAs) and for hemoglobin expression. Immunofluorescent analyses show the loss of individual CFA determinants from erythroleukemia cells with induced differentiation, although there appeared to be no correlation between CFA loss and onset of hemoglobin production. Erythroleukemia cells were examined by cell surface labeling followed by immunoprecipitation with antisera specific to CFAs and CAAs. Erythroleukemia cells expressed CFAs and CAAs on their membranes that are not reported to be expressed by the target cell of AEV. The expression of CAAs and the enhanced expression of CFAs by erythroleukemia cells may be due to limited cellular differentiation, alterations in regulatory controls of genes coding for CFAs and CAAs, or increased levels of production of previously undetected CFAs and CAAs following AEV transformation. Control and induced erythroleukemia cells expressed CFAs and CAAs that differed both quantitatively and qualitatively from normal erythroid cells. Molecular weight variations of CFAs and CAAs observed in the erythroleukemia cells may represent glycolyzation differences between AEV-transformed cells and normal erythroid cells.

Alpharetrovirus↗
PubMed1981

Chicken fetal antigen (CFA) expression on the primitive erythroid maturation series.

Indirect immunofluorescence was utilized to study the expression of chicken fetal antigens (CFA), developmentally phasic membrane antigens, on the primitive erythroid series during chick embryo development. Cells of this series expressed CFA determinants at all four stages of cellular maturation. However, the relative intensity of fluorescent staining (measurement of CFA determinants) varied with development. CFA determinant loss was correlated with the age of the embryo, and the stage of cellular maturation. Indirect immunofluorescence utilizing antisera capable of detecting eight individual CFA determinants revealed that all eight CFA determinants were present on early polychromatic erythrocytes of the primitive series, but that a selective and sequential loss of CFA determinants occurred in later stages. The data suggest that certain CFA determinants are differentially expressed during primitive erythroid cellular maturation in the developing chick embryo.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Chicken fetal antigen: example of an antigenically complex oncodevelopmental membrane glycoprotein.

CFA is a complex onco-developmental membrane marker system that is being investigated at the cellular, molecular, genetic and functional levels. CFA appears to be a family of genetically-determined carbohydrate side chains attached to a membrane-bound polypeptide chain. Unique combinations of the thirteen serologically detectable CFA determinants are expressed on erythroid and lymphoid cells of all avian species tested. Whether or not CFA determinants are hematopoietic specific markers remains to be established. The CFA determinants are proving to be useful membrane markers for the study of normal as well as neoplastic hematopoietic cellular differentiation. The probability that CFA determinants are differentiation-stage-specific markers for cells of both the erythroid and lymphoid series coupled with the observation that one of the CFA determinants acts as a cell membrane binding site for an arbovirus makes this antigen system a valuable tool for studying the cellular differentiation blockage hypothesis of neoplasia.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Chicken fetal antigen expression on the definitive erythroid maturation series in the bone marrow of the adult chicken.

Chicken fetal antigen (CFA) describes a membrane developmental antigen system present on embryonic and fetal erythroid cells that is present during development, but is absent on erythrocytes of mature chickens. In this study, CFA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence and correlated with six stages of morphological maturation of erythroid cells. All cells in the erythroid series through the late polychromatic erythrocyte (reticulocyte) stage were found to possess CFA. Fluorescent intensity and staining patterns of the definitive erythroid series demonstrated CFA concentration increase and distribution pattern change throughout erythroid maturation.

Anemia↗
PubMed1980

Serum IgG levels in the Storrs strain of hereditary muscular dystrophic chickens.

IgG levels in sera of Storrs hereditary muscular dystrophic chickens were investigated. IgG levels in age-matched Storrs muscular dystrophic chickens varied, depending on the geographical location where the chickens were reared. IgG levels from muscular dystrophic chickens at varying ages of development were approximately 30% less than age-matched control values. Genetic analyses of F1 hybrid, F2 progeny, and testcross progeny showed the reduced IgG levels in the Storrs strain of muscular dystrophic chickens not to be correlated with the autosomal recessive muscular dystrophic trait, the degree of muscle destruction, nor with an autosomal recessive T cell defect. The studies reported here suggest (1) that the reduced IgG levels in the Storrs strains of muscular dystrophic chickens are due to strain differences and (2) that the mode of inheritance of serum IgG levels in the Storrs strain of muscular dystrophic chickens is polygenic.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Developmental profile of chicken splenic lymphocyte responsiveness to Con A and PHA and studies on chicken splenic and bone marrow cells capable of inhibiting mitogen-stimulated blastogenic responses of adult splenic lymphocytes.

Embryonic and newly hatched chicken splenic lymphocytes were analyzed for their ability to respond to 2 mitogens, Con A and PHA. Acquisitions of the ability to respond to both mitogens began at hatch and responses to both mitogens reached normal adult blastogenic response levels by 11 days post-hatch. Splenic lymphocytes in the developing embryo and newly hatched chicken were found to be capable of inhibiting the Con A- and PHA-mediated blastogenic responses of both syngeneic and allogeneic adult splenic lymphocytes. The ability to suppress adult responses was first observed on E12, reached a maximum of suppressive ability on E18, and the suppressive ability was gradually lost with development such that no suppressive ability was exhibited after H11. Ability to suppress adult splenic lymphocyte proliferation to mitogens was found to not be a unique property of splenic lymphocytes but was also exhibited by bone marrow cells. The ability of bone marrow cells to suppress adult splenic lymphocyte proliferation to Con A and PHA gradually decreased with chicken aging but the suppressive ability was never lost and adult bone marrow cells were found to exhibit significant degrees of suppressive ability. The mechanism of suppression by the 1-day-hatched splenic lymphocytes was found to be cell-to-cell contact mediated and did not require any newly synthesized H1 splenic products, since x-ray killed cells were able to suppress as well as live cells.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Genetic regulation of CFA expression in interspecific avian hybrids and somatic cell hybrids.

Chicken fetal-leukemic antigen (CFA) is an oncodevelopmental antigen present on embryonic and neonatal chicken peripheral red blood cells (RBCs) but is not restricted to fetal stages of development in other avian species. Crosses between white Leghorn chickens and Japanese quail resulted in adult hybrids whose peripheral RBCs were positive for CFA. Of the four CFA determinants normally found in adult quail RBCs, only two were present on quail-chicken hybrid RBCs. Adult quail--chicken hybrid RBCs also possessed on CFA determinant associated with early development in both quail and chicken and one chicken-specific CFA determinant. Evidence is presented for the possible association of CFA-positive adult peripheral RBCs and the level of circulating reticulocytes. Crosses between pheasant and turkey (both with CFA-positive adult RBCs) resulted in hybrid adult RBCs expressing only a portion of the parental CFA determinants. Through the formation of somatic cell hybrids between adult chicken and embryonic Japanese quail RBCs, it was possible to induce the appearance of CFA determinants normally restricted to embryonic chicken RBCs. Approximately 50% of the hybrid cells showed reexpression of CFA, and this induction was both time and temperature dependent. Hybridization between RBCs of adult chicken and those of either adult Japanese quail or adult turkey failed to elicit the reexpression of chicken-specific CFA.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Expression of an onco-developmental antegen among avian species.

Rabbit antisera directed against an onco-developmental antigen on chicken red blood cells have been serologically dissected through specific adsorptions. It is now possible to detect 13 antigenic determinants with the fractionated antisera. The onco-developmental antigen referred to as chicken fetal-leukemic antigen (CFA) is fetal-specific in the white Leghorn chicken, being present on the embryonic but not adult peripheral red blood cells of non-being present on the embryonic but not adult peripheral red blood cells of non-leukemic birds. However, one or more of the onco-developmental antigenic determinants have been detected on adult peripheral red blood cells of non-Gallus avian species, as well as on red blood cells from two adult chicken varieties. For phylogenetic purposes, red blood cells from avian species were characterized for their combinations of CFA determinants. Comparisons among species revealed specific patterns of antigenic expression within phylogenetic groups. Several CFA determinants were restricted in their occurrence to species within a single family, and one determinant was found in all cases where CFA was expressed. The distribution of CFA determinants was used to determine immunological distances among four Galliform species. These distances agreed with the immunological relationships established using different serological markers.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Evidence for multiple cell surface chicken fetal-leukemic antigens (CFA) in the developing chick and other avian species.

Chicken fetal antigen (CFA), a membrane antigen present on fetal chicken red blood cells is lost with chicken development, and reappears on the red blood cells of leukemic chickens. Seven avian species were found to possess CFA. A species hierarchy comparing the quantitative expression of CFA has been established. The levels of CFA expression with development are compared in the chicken and Japanese quail. Specific adsorptions of R-anti-CFA with avian red blood cells revealed the existence of multiple CFAs. Four groups of antigenic determinants (CFA a,b,c,d) have been characterized and defined by their expression among avian species. Multiple CFA determinants are discussed with regard to possible membrane alterations and gene function.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Chicken secretory immunoglobulin: chemical and immunological characterization of chicken IgA.

1. Chicken IgA purified from biliary fluids was chemically and immunologically characterized. 2. Chicken IgA was determined to be the only immunoglobulin class present in bile. Gel filtration studies reveal polymeric IgA e.g. 17-19S. 3. Antigenically, chicken IgA is distinct from chicken IgG, and IgM. 4. Chicken IgA does not show antigenic homology to human IgA. 5. SDS poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed IgA to possess heavy chains of 60,000 and light chains of 24,000 mol. wt, respectively. 6. Peptide mapping of tryptic digests of chicken alpha chains reveals approximately 35 peptides. The peptide map pattern is distinct from chicken gamma chains.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Expression of serum proteins in the developing chick embryo.

1. Sera from different embryonic stages of development and adult chickens were examined for embryonic-adult differences. 2. An antisera prepared in rabbits to 14 day embryonic chick sera revealed an antigen present in the early stages of embryonic development. The antigen reached a peak on day 14 and was not detectable 5 days post hatching. 3. Gel filtration studies in conjunction with immunodiffusion studies revealed the serum antigen to be in the 160,000 mol wt range. 4. Immunoelectrophoretic analyses of embryonic and adult sera revealed the sera components to increase in quantity and in numbers with development. The serum immunoelectrophoretic profile of newly hatch chick serum closely resembled sera from adult chickens. 5. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic comparisons of the sera of the developing chicks and the adult chickens revealed proteins specific to certain developmental stages as well as proteins specific to the adult serum. Qualitative and quantitative serum protein differences were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Utilization of a differential hemoglobin elution procedure as a rapid assay for identification of embryonic and adult chicken red blood cells.

1. A hemoglobin elution-staining procedure has been developed for distinguishing embryonic chick red blood cells from adult chicken red blood cells. 2. Adult hemoglobin is eluted from red blood cells with 1.9 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2; whereas, embryonic hemoglobin is retained within the cells and gives positive staining with erythrosin B. 3. The hemoglobin elution-staining pattern during development can be correlated with two embryonic hemoglobins as detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 4. The series of red blood cells staining with erythrosin B correspond to the primary erythrocyte series suggesting that hemoglobin expression during development is correlated with different cell populations.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

EA-rosette-forming cells in chickens: presence in spleens of bursectomized chickens and relationships to B-lymphocytes.

Spleen cells from 3-month-old chickens which had been surgically and chemically bursectomized were examined for rosette-forming lymphocytes (RFL). Finding no correlation between the degree of agammaglobulinemia in bursectomized chickens and the percentage of RFL in their spleens demonstrated a dissociation between two B-cell dependent functions, namely, immunoglobulin production and rosette-forming ability. In fact, the percentage of RFL in the spleens of agammaglobulinemic chickens was found to be slightly higher than those of normal chickens. The data indicate that RFL in spleens of normal chickens are B cells, and suggest the existence of a population of rosette-forming B lymphocytes in agammaglobulinemic bursectomized chickens.

Agammaglobulinemia↗