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Biomedical subjects

B G Young

Publications and source records attributed to B G Young.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Triazolam use in a university medical center.

The results of a drug-use evaluation (DUE) of triazolam at a university medical center are reported. The DUE was conducted at three institutions in a medical center complex with over 1100 beds. Indicators and thresholds were developed by the DUE subcommittee and approved by each institution's pharmacy and therapeutics committee. The medical charts of patients for whom triazolam was prescribed during January through March 1991 were reviewed. The relationship between the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and triazolam use was evaluated with the Naranjo ADR probability scale. Of 192 patients whose medical charts were reviewed, 123 (64%) were prescribed 0.125-mg doses. Patients who were > 70 years of age were more likely than younger patients to be prescribed this low dose (84% versus 60%). Fifty-four patients (28%) received no doses; a median of two doses (range, 1-46) were received by the remaining 138 patients. Twelve (9%) of those 138 patients experienced ADRs considered to be possibly (n = 10) or probably (n = 2) related to triazolam. Possible triazolam-associated reactions consisted of confusion (four cases), weakness and lethargy (four), and dizziness (two); probable triazolam-associated ADRs were confusion (one case) and next-day somnolence (one). Factors potentially contributing to ADRs included the presence of concomitant diseases or medications, the total number of doses received, and patient age. Of 138 hospitalized patients who had been given one or more doses of triazolam, 12 had had possible or probable triazolam-associated ADRs. The use of low doses and short-term therapy, particularly in elderly patients, may reduce the likelihood of ADRs.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1982

Effect of myocardial ischemia on uridine incorporation and histone acetylation.

The influence of transient myocardial ischemia on recovery uridine incorporation into RNA and histone acetylation was investigated in an isolated perfused rat heart. Hemodynamically, hearts recovered from 15 min of ischemic arrest and were stable for at least 60 min of perfusion. Uridine incorporation was reduced (P less than 0.05) in ischemic hearts by 24 and 26% after 30 and 60 min of recovery perfusion. The incorporation of uridine into RNA from purified myocytes was decreased by 50% in the ischemic muscle cells. The covalent acetylation of total nucleohistones was diminished by 37%. Histone fractionation by urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis clearly indicated that histones H3 and H4 preferentially incorporated less acetate during ischemic recovery. However, histone acetylation for proteins H2A + H2B was not effected. These data suggest that a brief period of ischemia disrupts nucleotide incorporation during the recovery phase, with marked decrease associated with the muscle cell. The similar change in histone acetylation indicates a possible link between nucleoproteins and chromatin function during ischemic insult to the heart.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1981

Delayed hypersensitivity to myxoviruses and myxovirus vaccines in the guinea pig.

Influenza, mumps and measles viruses were examined for their ability to induce in guinea pigs homologous and cross-reactive delayed hypersensitivity. A majority of the animals skin tested with homologous and a portion of the animals skin tested with heterologous viruses and vaccines developed positive reactions. Findings with the heterologous preparations suggest that the observed cross-reactive hypersensitivity might be due to shared antigens of viral or substrate origin in the influenza, mumps and measles preparations. The present findings in guinea pigs suggest that the adverse effects, attributed in whole or in part to induced hypersensitivity, observed in man following injection of killed influenza, mumps and measles vaccines could be due to cross-reactive delayed hypersensitivity resulting from the use of these preparations.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Guidelines for defining and disposing of medical waste.

Considerations of ecology, public health hazards, and rising health costs have been critically reevaluated in the matter of appropriate medical waste disposal at nursing homes and hospitals. The Maryland Department of Health has intermittently received reports from the public of human tissues, bandages, and other inappropriate, unaesthetic materials visible in landfill areas. The Department has experienced increasing concern for communicable disease transmission, e.g. hepatitis, to landfill waste handlers and to the general public. Incineration had been considered as an alternative to landfilling of medical wastes, but fear of increasing hospital costs dampened initial enthusiasm for this possibility, particularly when coupled with fears of air pollution by smoke and noxious fumes generated by incineration. Other problems requiring resolution were conflicting definitions of medical waste and disposal requirements by federal, state, and local regulatory bodies. On-site incineration of all waste generated at hospitals is proposed as an economical and ecologically feasible solution to this public health problem in Maryland.

California↗
PubMed1977

Some factors affecting the expression of Epstein-Barr virus-associated membrane antigens.

The effect of two factors, L-arginine concentration and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, on the expression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated membrane antigens (MA) was evaluated. An EBV-producer cell line, AV-1, was cultivated in Eagle's basal medium with Earle's salts, supplemented with various L-arginine concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 20.0 mM. In most of the L-arginine concentrations, the number of cells expressing MA decreased within the first 24 hours. This decrease was followed by a marked increase in MA-positive cells at 48 hours and a slight decrease between 48 and 72 hours. Statistical evaluation, however, revealed no significant differences in the level of MA expression among cells exposed to the various L-arginine concentrations. These findings were discussed in relation to the cell cycle dependence of L-arginine-deficient media as a virus-activating agent. AV-1 cell cultures were treated with PHA and observed at 24-hour intervals for 72 hours. Within the first 24 hours, the percentage of cells showing MA was markedly increased. This was followed by a rapid decline in percentage of MA-positive cells within the next 24 hours. Treatment of an EBV-nonproducer cell line, NC37, with PHA resulted in the production of MA in approximately 11% of the cells within the first 24 hours. The number of MA-positive cells gradually declined over the next 48 hours. No viral capsid antigens were detected in these cells. The data suggested either complete or partial activation of the latent EBV genome by PHA.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1975

The effect of mycoplasmas on replication and plaquing ability of Herpes simplex virus.

M. arginini, an arginine utilizer, can decrease the yield of Herpes simplex virus, type 1 grown in Vero cells. M. arginini can also cause a reduction in number and size of plaques produced by HSV. The reduction in titer and plaque size produced in M. arginini-infected cells can be reversed by supplementing medium with additional arginine. A. laidlawii, a nonarginine utilizing mycoplasma, had no effect on the growth of HSV.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Control of interferon, migration inhibition factor, and expression of virus capsid antigens in Burkitt's lymphoma-derived cell lines: role of L-arginine.

The effects of an arginine-utilizing mycoplasma, Mycoplasma arginini, and of varying levels of arginine in the growth media of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-containing EB1 and EB3 cell lines, and the EBV-free RPMI 1788 cell line, were studied. l-Arginine, at a concentration of 0.1 mM in the growth medium, led to a reduction of the EBV capsid antigen content of the EB1 and EB3 cells lines as determined by indirect immunofluorescence, and M. arginini infection enhanced this reduction. The synthesis of two immune products, interferon and macrophage migration inhibition factor, was enhanced by growing the cell lines in medium containing arginine at a concentration of 0.1 mM, but the RPMI 1788 cell line produced much less of both products than EB1 or EB3 under these conditions. Infection of the cell lines with M. arginini reduced the amount of interferon produced and completely inhibited macrophage migration inhibition factor synthesis. The addition of arginine to a final concentration of 0.6 mM in the growth medium caused a dual effect: the EB1 and EB3 cell lines maintained the original level of EBV capsid antigens, even when infected with M. arginini; immune product synthesis was greatly reduced or completely inhibited by the addition of arginine, and M. arginini infection caused no further reduction of immune product synthesis.

Antigens, Viral↗