PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B GRAB

Publications and source records attributed to B GRAB.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1964

MEASLES AND MEASLES VACCINATION IN AN AFRICAN VILLAGE.

Over the last five years, a number of reports have appeared drawing attention to the serious results of measles in young West African children. This is borne out by observations over a three-year period on children in the village of Imesi, which showed measles to be a severe and often fatal disease. The original live attenuated measles vaccine developed by Enders has been shown to give good protection and, in combination with immune serum, has been widely used in the USA. However, the need to combine it with immune serum severely limits its usefulness, owing to the small quantities of serum available and the high cost. In the present study, the reaction produced by the original vaccine with immune serum was compared with the reaction produced by a further attenuated vaccine without serum. The latter gave significantly fewer and less severe reactions, but produced a satisfactory serological response. This new vaccine should facilitate large-scale immunization of children in areas such as West Africa where protection against measles is urgently required.

Africa↗
PubMed1964

THE ASSESSMENT OF INSECTICIDAL IMPACT ON THE MALARIA MOSQUITO'S VECTORIAL CAPACITY, FROM DATA ON THE PROPORTION OF PAROUS FEMALES.

In malaria eradication the residual insecticide exerts upon the mosquito's vectorial capacity a direct insecticidal impact, the order of which may be measured by observing the decrease in the proportion of parous females. The impact is expressed as the product of the degree of reduction of the expectation of infective life (termed the longevity factor of impact) and that of the expectation of life (the density factor). To compute the factors from the proportion parous it is necessary to know also the mean difference in age between the nulliparous and the youngest parous females in the sample, and the sporogonic period of the parasite.Graphs are presented to enable the field worker, who has observed these parameters, to read off from his data the proportion surviving one day, the expectation of infective life and the expectation of life. Examples from the field are used to illustrate the manner of computing the direct insecticidal impact with the aid of the graphs. It is emphasized that this method can only measure the relative impact on vectorial capacity, and will not show whether the actual level of vectorial capacity is such that a malaria reproduction rate of <1 is indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN.

As stocks of the first International Standard for Chorionic Gonadotrophin were running low, the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization authorized the National Institute for Medical Research, London, in 1960 to proceed with arrangements to replace it. This paper describes the nature and handling of the proposed replacement material, its assay by nine laboratories in six countries, and its establishment as the second International Standard for Chorionic Gonadotrophin, with a defined potency of 5300 International Units per ampoule. The International Unit of Chorionic Gonadotrophin is defined as the activity contained in 0.001279 mg of the second International Standard.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1956

Accident mortality among children.

The authors present statistics on mortality from accidents, with special reference to those relating to the age-group 1-19 years. For a number of countries figures are given for the proportional mortality from accidents (the number of accident deaths expressed as a percentage of the number of deaths from all causes) and for the specific death-rates, per 100 000 population, from all causes of death, from selected causes, from all causes of accidents, and from various types of accident. From these figures it appears that, in most countries, accidents are becoming relatively increasingly prominent as a cause of death in childhood, primarily because of the conquest of other causes of death-such as infectious and parasitic diseases, which formerly took a heavy toll of children and adolescents-but also to some extent because the death-rate from motor-vehicle accidents is rising and cancelling out the reduction in the rate for other causes of accidental death. In the authors' opinion, further epidemiological investigations into accident causation are required for the purpose of devising quicker and more effective methods of accident prevention.

Accidents↗
PubMed1954

Snakebite mortality in the world.

In examining the relative importance of snakebite mortality in different parts of the world, the authors review the information collected concerning both snakebite mortality and the species of snake incriminated. Available statistical data are known to be unreliable and at best can serve to provide only an approximate and highly conservative estimate of the relative magnitude of the snakebite problem. The sources of error inherent in the data are discussed, and estimates are made of the probable mortality from snakebite in various areas of the world.

Probability↗