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Biomedical subjects

B Gallo

Publications and source records attributed to B Gallo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Chemometric characterisation of Basque and French ciders according to their polyphenolic profiles.

Polyphenolic compositions of Basque and French ciders were determined by HPLC-DAD following thiolysis, in order to characterise and differentiate these beverages and then develop a classification system capable of confirming the authenticities of both kinds of cider. A data set consisting of 165 cider samples and 27 measured features was evaluated using multivariate chemometric techniques, such as cluster analysis and principal component analysis, in order to perform a preliminary study of data structure. Supervised pattern recognition techniques such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K-nearest neighbours (KNN), soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA), and multilayer feed-forward artificial neural networks (MLF-ANN) attained classification rules for the two categories using the chemical data, which produced satisfactory results. Authentication systems obtained by combining two of these techniques were proposed. We found that SIMCA and LDA or KNN models achieved 100% hit-rates, since LDA and KNN permit the detection of every Basque cider and SIMCA provides a model for Basque cider that excludes all French ciders. Polyphenolic profiles of the ciders provided enough information to be able to develop classification rules for identifying ciders according to their geographical origin (Basque or French regions). Chemical and organoleptic differences between these two types of cider are probably due to the original and distinctive cidermaking technologies used for their elaboration. Using polyphenic profiles, about 80% of French ciders could be distinguished according to their region of origin (Brittany or Normandy). Although their polyphenolic profiles did not provide enough information to achieve an authentication system for Breton and Norman ciders.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content in commercial Spanish fatty foods.

The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection in different fatty foods from a Spanish market. The average concentration of the sum of total PAHs in edible vegetable oils was below 25 ng/g, whereas the sum of heavy PAHs did not surpass 5 ng/g. Olive pomace oils obtained before the summer of 2001 were an exception because they were highly contaminated. The effects of different technological processes, such as bleaching, deodorization, and hydrogenation, on PAH concentration in edible oils have been studied. The PAH profiles, as well as the influence of cooking procedures, of other fatty foods (margarine, mayonnaise, and oils from canned fishes) have been examined.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2003

Solid-phase clean-up in the liquid chromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils.

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for sample clean-up, followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection is reported for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible oils. The effects of experimental variables, such as washing and elution solvents, sample solvent and drying time have been studied using C18 cartridges. Recoveries and selectivity using other sorbent materials (C8, C2, CH, PH and NH2) were also examined, with C18 being the best one. The recoveries ranged between 50 and 103% depending on the molecular mass of the PAH. The limits of quantitation were lower than 1 ng/g for most PAHs and good precision was achieved. The method was validated using certified reference materials.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2002

Study of an accelerated solvent extraction procedure for the determination of acaricide residues in honey by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector.

An accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) procedure has been optimized for the determination of synthetic acaricides (amitraz, bromopropylate, cymiazole, coumaphos, T-fluvalinate, and flumethrin) and their residues in honey by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The effects of experimental variables such as solvent composition, temperature, static extraction time, and solvent flush volume on the ASE efficiency have been studied. The acaricides were extracted by hexane-propanol (1/3, vol/vol) at 95 degrees C and 2.000 psi for 8 min. Recovery values of between 53 and 108% were achieved with the different substances, with coefficients of variation between 2 and 13% and limits of detection from 0.01 to 0.2 microg/g.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2001

Pressurized liquid extraction for the determination of polyphenols in apple.

Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) has been optimized for the determination of polyphenols in Golden Delicious apple peel and pulp. The effects of experimental variables, such as solvent composition, temperature, static extraction time and pressure, on PLE efficiency have been studied. Once the optimum conditions were established the recovery and the precision of the method for each analyte was tested by means of repeated analysis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2001

Study of semi-automated solid-phase extraction for the determination of acaricide residues in honey by liquid chromatography.

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method followed by a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure is reported for the assay of a wide polarity range acaricide residues in honey. After selection of suitable chromatographic and detection conditions, most steps of the SPE procedure that may affect to the recovery were investigated. Honey sample was buffered at pH 6 and then applied to the preconditioned C18 sorbent. A washing step was performed with 1 ml of a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF)-phosphate buffer (10:90, v/v) and finally, the analytes were eluted with 1 ml of THF. The extract was evaporated to dryness, reconstituted in mobile phase and chromatographed on a reversed-phase C18 column with diode array detection. The recoveries of the more polar acaricides were higher than 80% and 60-70% for the more apolar ones. Limits of detection obtained ranged from 1 to 200 ng/g.

Acari↗
PubMed2001

Determination of polyphenolic profiles of Basque cider apple varieties using accelerated solvent extraction.

Polyphenols in the peel and pulp of 15 Basque cider apple varieties were determined by accelerated solvent extraction followed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. It was observed that the polyphenolic composition in apple peel depended on varieties, whereas the main classes of phenolic compounds in apple pulp were flavan-3-ols and hydroxycinnamic acids in all cases, representing both together between 86 and 95% of total polyphenols assayed.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2001

Study of acaricide stability in honey. Characterization of amitraz degradation products in honey and beeswax.

A study on the possible degradation of amitraz, bromopropylate, coumaphos, chlordimeform, cymiazole, flumethrin, and tau-fluvalinate during the storage of honey was carried out by HPLC. Except amitraz, the other acaricides are stable in this medium for at least 9 months. Degradation studies of amitraz in honey and beeswax were carried out; the degradation products detected in both matrices were 2,4-dimethylphenylformamide (DMF) and N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N'-methylformamidine (DPMF). The reaction rate constants and the half-lives of the amitraz degradation in honey and wax were calculated. Amitraz was nearly completely degraded within 1 day in beeswax and within 10 days in honey. When amitraz-spiked combs are recycled into new beeswax, DMF was found to be the principal degradation product left in pure wax.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Immunization pockets of need: science and practice.

Despite high overall immunization coverage levels among U.S. preschool children, areas of underimmunization, called pockets of need, remain. These areas, which pose both a personal health and a public health risk, are typically poor, crowded, urban areas in which barriers to immunization are difficult to overcome and health care resources are limited. The purpose of this report is to review barriers to immunization of preschool children living in pockets of need and to discuss current issues in the identification of and implementation of interventions within these areas. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administers a federal grants program that funds state and metropolitan immunization programs. This program promotes a three-pronged approach for addressing pockets of need: (1) identification of target areas, (2) selection and implementation of programmatic strategies to improve immunization coverage, and (3) evaluation of progress or impact. At each step, scientific evidence can guide programmatic efforts. While there is evidence that state and metropolitan immunization programs are currently making efforts to address pockets of need, much work remains to be done to improve immunization coverage levels in pockets of need. Public health agencies must take on a broadened role of accountability, new partnerships must be forged, and it may be necessary to strengthen the oversight authority of public health. These tasks will require a concentration and redirection of resources to support the development of an immunization delivery infrastructure capable of ensuring the timely delivery of immunizations to the most vulnerable of America's children.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1999

Study of the solid-phase extraction of diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and phenylbutazone for their analysis in human urine by liquid chromatography.

A selective semi-automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and phenylbutazone from urine prior to high-performance liquid chromatography was investigated. The drugs were recovered from urine buffered at pH 5.0 using C18 Bond-Elut cartridges as solid sorbent material and mixtures of methanol-aqueous buffer or acetonitrile-aqueous buffer as washing and elution solvents. The extracts were chromatographed on a reversed-phase ODS column using 10 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.0)-acetonitrile (58:42, v/v) as the mobile phase, and the effluent from the column was monitored at 210 nm with ultraviolet detection. Absolute recoveries of the anti-inflammatory drugs within the range 0.02-1.0 microg/ml were about 85% for diclofenac and indomethacin, and 50% for phenylbutazone without any interference from endogenous compounds of the urine. The within-day and between-day repeatabilities were in all cases less than 5% and 10%, respectively. Limits of detection were 0.007 microg/ml for diclofenac sodium and indomethacin and 0.035 microg/ml for phenylbutazone, whereas limits of quantitation were 0.02 microg/ml for diclofenac and indomethacin and 0.1 microg/ml for phenylbutazone.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1999

Semi-automated solid-phase extraction procedure for the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of alinastine in biological fluids.

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for sample clean-up followed by a reversed-phase HPLC procedure for the assay of alinastina (pINN) in biological fluids is reported. The effects of the sample pH, composition of the washing and elution solvents and the nature of the SPE cartridge on recovery were evaluated. The selectivity of SPE was examined using spiked rat urine and plasma samples and the CH and PH cartridges gave rise to the cleanest extracts. The recoveries obtained in spiked rat urine and plasma samples were 91.2+/-2.7 and 99.9+/-2.8%, respectively. The proposed SPE method coupled off-line with a reserved-phase HPLC system with fluorimetric detection was applied to the quantitation of alinastine in real rat urine samples. The analytical method was also applied and validated for the determination of alinastine in dog plasma. The recovery from spiked dog plasma samples using the PH cartridge was around 65%. The within-day and between-day precisions were 7 and 12%, respectively. The detection and quantitation limits in dog plasma were 0.024 and 0.078 microg/ml, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy associated with alopecia universalis.

We report a patient with concurrent chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and alopecia universalis. A dramatic improvement in strength accompanied the administration of prednisone, although no regrowth of hair was noted. CIDP and alopecia universalis are two relatively rare autoimmune disorders. The simultaneous occurrence of these disorders suggests a common pathogenetic mechanism, including the possibility of shared antigens between peripheral nerve myelin and the hair follicle.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1994

Prostatitis: a review of diagnosis and management.

Prostatitis, the most common urologic disease in men, afflicts between 25% and 50% of all adult men. It is a complex and not well understood condition, partially because of its often obscure pathogenesis. There are four prostatitis diagnostic and treatment categories: 1) acute bacterial prostatitis; 2) chronic bacterial prostatitis; 3) nonbacterial prostatitis; and 4) prostatodynia. This article reviews prostatic anatomy and pathogenesis, as well as diagnostic and treatment categories. This information can assist the primary care practitioner in the identification and management of this common and often puzzling condition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of oxazepam in urine using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection by post-column derivatization.

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for oxazepam in human urine samples has been developed. The sample preparation consists of an enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase, followed by a solid-phase extraction process using Bond-Elut C2 cartridges. The mobile phase used was a methanol-water (60:40, v/v) mixture at a flow-rate of 0.50 ml/min. The column was a 3.5 cm x 4.6 mm I.D. C18 reversed-phase column. The detection system was based on a fluorescence post-column derivatization of oxazepam in mixtures of methanol and acetic acid. A linear range from 0.01 to 1 micrograms/ml of urine and a limit of detection of 4 ng/ml of urine were attained. Within-day recoveries and reproducibilities from urine samples spiked with 0.2 and 0.02 microgram/ml oxazepam were 97.9 and 95.0 and 2.1 and 9.4%, respectively.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1993

Effects of vagal nerve stimulation on laryngeal function.

Functional electrical stimulation is a developing methodology that shows significant potential in the management of peripheral neuromuscular deficits. Potential applications in the head and neck area, including control of bilateral vocal fold paralysis and spasmodic dysphonia, have recently been explored. Despite promising early results, very little is known about the mechanisms of action or the long-term effects of electrical stimulation on human laryngeal function. Recent development of implantable vagal nerve stimulators as a method to control intractable seizures in individuals who have not responded to medication provides a unique opportunity to study its effect on the normal human larynx. Laryngeal and vocal function testing was studied on five individuals who had undergone vagal nerve stimulator implants for intractable seizures. Consistent abduction/adduction of the left vocal fold was achieved at 20 and 40 Hz, respectively. Higher levels of electrical stimulation produced hemispasm of the larynx. Results were consistent with studies in the literature of recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation in animal and human models. The vagus nerve provides relatively easy access for implantation of electrodes to provide electrical stimulation to the muscles of the larynx. Vagal nerve stimulation may prove efficacious in the treatment of movement disorders of the larynx; further study is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Nurses' attributions about rape victims.

In an evaluation experiment, 80 registered nurses (64% of whom had cared for at least one rape victim) read an account of a rape involving a woman who drove to a drugstore on her way home from work. By random assignment, the nurses read one of four versions of the rape which varied in terms of whether or not the victim locked her car door (carelessness manipulation) and time of attack (5:00 p.m. or midnight). Subjects evaluated the victim on a series of 0 to 9 bipolar adjective scales. MANOVA showed a significant main effect for the locked/unlocked conditions: Nurses who read the unlocked version, as compared to those reading the locked version, showed differences in terms of more negative ratings of the victim on such variables as less liking for her, less identification with her, and assigning greater responsibility for the rape to her (p less than or equal to .005). Time of attack and the interaction were not significant.

Adult↗