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Biomedical subjects

B Gilbert

Publications and source records attributed to B Gilbert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Cell ashing for trace element analysis: A new approach based on ultraviolet/ozone.

We studied a new approach to cell ashing based on illuminating the specimens with a low-pressure mercury discharge lamp. We analyzed with synchrotron spectromicroscopy its effects on different physiological elements in neurobiological specimens. Our results demonstrate that carbon is removed, whereas phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and sulfur are retained and their relative concentrations are enhanced. Applied to trace elements, this technique will enhance their practical detectability.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Aerosol delivery of liposomal all-trans-retinoic acid to the lungs.

PURPOSE: To optimize the delivery of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) to lung tissue, we determined the potential of vehiculating the drug in liposomes (L-ATRA) and delivering it via aerosol. Liposomes may provide a means to prevent local irritation of lung tissue and reduce pulmonary toxicity, prolong therapeutic levels and generate high drug concentrations at the tumor sites. Cumulatively, this would result in reduced systemic toxicity and enhanced drug efficacy. METHODS: Previous studies have shown that liposomes can serve as excellent carriers for otherwise poorly soluble ATRA. Delivery of ATRA to the lung tissue of mice was accomplished by nebulization of L-ATRA. The liposomes in the aerosol were relatively uniform (309 +/- 138 nm), stable, and retained the drug well. RESULTS: The drug was effectively delivered at high concentrations (10 +/- 2 microg/g of tissue) to the lungs of mice and was retained for at least up to 96 h after a single exposure to L-ATRA aerosol. No appreciable levels of ATRA were detected in the blood or the liver of treated mice. The aerosol-delivered ATRA was biologically active as demonstrated by its ability to induce the expression of tissue-type transglutaminase. CONCLUSION: Aerosol delivery of L-ATRA offers an effective way to deliver high levels of ATRA to the lung without apparent pulmonary toxic effects.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
PubMed1999

Activities of the Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation with medicinal, insecticidal and insect repellent plants.

In addition to original research, Far-Manguinhos, the Pharmaceutical Division of the Brazilian Ministry of Health's Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), devotes major attention to the finalising of products for use in public health campaigns or, under contract, for private industrial development. Emphasis is on standardisation, adequate supply, safety in use and efficacy. Among the products discussed in this summary of some of its activities in the chemical and pharmaceutical fields are medicinal plants Bidens pilosa, Cymbopogon citratus, Copaifera species, Mentha crispa, Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. and other Phyllanthus species, insecticidal plants, Lonchocarpus urucu and Quassia amara, and the insect antifeedant plants Carapa guianensis and Pterodon emarginatus.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1998

High sensitivity quantitative analysis of cobalt uptake in rat cerebellar granule cells with and without excitatory amino acids.

We quantified the effect of the excitatory amino acids kainate and glutamate on the uptake of cobalt in primary rat cerebellar granule neurons, by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). We quantitatively demonstrated that Co2+ uptake, although enhanced by glutamate and kainate also takes place in the absence of excitatory amino acids. We also found that cobalt uptake is not significantly altered by the presence of glutamate receptor competitive or noncompetitive antagonists, indicating that cobalt uptake in granule neurons does not require glutamate receptor stimulation. Our results suggest, therefore, that Co2+ may enter the cell by passive diffusion through the plasma membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Identical chromosome imbalance in two siblings born to a mother with a double reciprocal translocation.

We report the case of a woman who carried two reciprocal translocations. Her karyotype was 46,XX,t(3;12)(q12;q21)(4;17)(p14;p13). She had two children, a phenotypically normal daughter (karyotype (46,XX,t(3;12)(q12;q21)) and a son with partial 4p trisomy (karyotype 46,XY,t(3;12) (q12;q21),-17,+maternal der(17)). She was pregnant with a female fetus who had the same karyotype as her son. She also reported a history of two spontaneous abortions. This viable recurrent abnormality was due to the maternal (4;17) translocation with meiotic segregation type 2:2 adjacent 1. In this case of the two reciprocal translocations carried by the mother, one led to imbalances, whereas the other remained balanced in the viable offspring.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Anterior crowns & porcelain laminate veneers: a conservative approach.

The final results of this case were pleasing to the patient and the dentist (Fig.5). The diastemas had been closed (Fig. 6), and the bioesthetic symmetry and harmony had been restored (Fig. 7). The patient reported an increase in self confidence with his peers and professors, especially during assignments both at work and at the university. (Fig. 8) I want to especially thank Felipe Don Sanders, C.D.T. for his skill in producing the excellent laboratory work for this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Reversal of age-related deficient influenza virus-specific CTL responses and IFN-gamma production by monophosphoryl lipid A.

Old and young Balb/c mice, 24--26 and 2--4 months old, respectively, were infected with a 0.1 LD50 of influenza A/Taiwan/1/86 (A/H1N1) virus by small particle aerosol. Lung virus titers were determined 4, 6, 8, 12, and 17 days later. Old mice had significantly higher virus titers than young mice (P < 0.05-0.0001) and shed virus up to Day 17, while young mice were free of virus by Day 12. Splenic MHC class I CD8+ CTL activity (P < 0.08--0.001) and IFN-gamma production (0.1-0.008) measured on Days 8, 12, and 17 were significantly lower among old mice than among young mice. Coadministration of liposomal influenza vaccine with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) resulted in enhanced CD8+ CTL response and IFN-gamma production among old mice (35 and 12,000 times, respectively). These results demonstrate that MPL stimulates CTL and Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma) in aged mice and may serve to reverse age-related CD8+ CTL deficiency and reduce severe influenza disease in elderly human populations.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

[Prenatal diagnosis of hereditary bullous epidermolysis. A case report].

A premature infant born to a consanguinous couple (mother's age = 27 years) presented Hallopeau-Siemens disease and died at 3 weeks. At a second pregnancy, fetal skin biopsies at 21 weeks gestation demonstrated the absence of the disease. The fetus died in utero at 31 weeks of an unknown cause. A third pregnancy was carried to term successfully and terminated by delivery of a normal infant. Unlike most hereditary bullous epidermolyses, the severe prognosis of Hallopeau-Siemens disease justifies antenatal diagnosis as does Herlitz disease, another familial disease. Fetal skin biopsy at 21 weeks is classically performed, but localization of the genetic abnormalities would suggest that a simple trophoblast biopsy during the first trimester may be sufficient.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Apparent segregation of null alleles ascribed to deletions of the ornithine transcarbamylase gene in congenital hyperammonaemia.

Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is an X-linked disorder of the urea cycle mapped to chromosome Xp21.1. Here, we show that apparent segregation of null alleles at the OTC locus and flanking polymorphic loci mimicked false maternity or false paternity in three affected families. Based on these observations, we suggest giving consideration to gene deletion when dealing with segregation of null alleles in OTC deficiency.

Alleles↗