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Biomedical subjects

B Gilbert

Publications and source records attributed to B Gilbert.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Myocardial ischemia during non-cardiac surgical procedures in patients with coronary-artery disease.

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of ST-segment depression during anesthesia and operation. Graded exercise testing has demonstrated a high correlation between ST-segment depression and myocardial ischemia. Therefore, 11 patients without and 29 patients with known coronary-artery disease were monitored during surgical procedures with a commercially available exercise electrocardiographic monitor (Viagraph). Comparisons were made between this device, which monitored lead V5, and the standard operating room monitor, which monitored lead 11. Eleven of 29 patients in the disease group demonstrated significant ST depression. Nine of the 11 ischemic episodes were not recognized on the standard operating room monitor. Retrospective review of anesthetic records of those 11 patients with ST-segment depression revealed rate--pressure product values greater than 11,000 for ten of them. Postoperatively, three of the 11 patients with significant ST-segment depression had changing electrocardiograms compatible with ischemia. None of the control group demonstrated significant ST-segment depression. The incidence of ischemia was 38 per cent during anesthesia and operation in the coronary-artery-disease group. Lead V5 analysis is superior to lead 11 analysis in detecting ST-segment depression. The period in which intubation is performed is one of the highest-risk intervals during anesthesia and operation, particularly when it is associated with an increased rate--pressure product.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1978

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the toxicity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,2-naphthoquinone derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi.

The toxic effect of lapachol, beta-lapachone and several 1,2-naphthoquinone derivatives on the growth, viability and infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi were compared. beta-lapachone was the most active compound in vitro. No inhibition was observed in suspensions which contained inactivated foetal calf serum or rabbit haemoglobin solution. The infectivity of trypomastigotes in mice was not affected when cells were previously incubated with beta-lapachone or one of several other naphthoquinone derivatives in vitro in the presence of blood. It is suggested that beta-lapachone and the other compounds can be inactivated either by reduction in the presence of oxyhaemoglobin or by interaction with serum proteins. A beta-lapachone derivative, allyl-beta-lapachone, was not inactivated in the presence of blood and remained effective in suppressing trypomastigote infectivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Schistosomiasis mansoni: blockage of cercarial skin penetration by chemical agents: i. naphthoquinones and derivatives.

Skin penetration by Schistosoma mansoni cercariae may be blocked by 1,4-and 1,2-naphthoquinones applied topically. Of 23 naphthoquinone derivatives synthesized, 15 afforded almost complete protection when applied in solution to the tails of mice 24 hours before exposure to cercariae. On the basis of present evidence the 5-carbon atom side chain present in naturally occurring lapachol seems to be important for activity, and this is in accord with the previous observation that effective protective agents are liposoluble. Topically applied cercarial penetration inhibitors are presently the only prophylactic agents available for use in the field.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1977

A survey of local public health departments and their directors.

In 1974 a questionnaire was mailed to the nation's local health officers. Responses were received from 1,345, at least 68 per cent of all local health departments. The present paper presents selected summary data from respondents concerning the health departments, their jurisdictions, organization, finance, functions, staffing, and about the training, salaries, and other characteristics of local health officers. Health departments are extensively involved in rendering health services, including direct personal services (25 per cent of all departments). For many services the health department is the sole provider of essential services in the area of jurisdiction. These services include ambulatory care (8 per cent), maternal and child health (48.5 per cent), home care (44.8 per cent), and family planning (38 per cent). The major constraints to improvement and expansion of programs are perceived as limited financial support, insufficient staff, and inadequate facilities.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Statutory authorizations for the work of local health departments.

A study of public health statutes of the 50 states identifies 44 specific services or functions that are assigned to local health departments by all or some of the states. Authorizations are most commonly assigned conjointly both to local and state health departments; exceptions are identified. Data suggest striking inconsistencies between what local health departments are authorized to perform and the services they actually render with regard to a selected group of programs that involve personal health services. The full scope of authorizations for local health departments is not revealed by examination of public health statutes. For this reason, among others, development of up-to-date health codes for all states would be beneficial.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Snail control in urban sites in Brazil with slow-release hexabutyldistannoxane and pentachlorophenol.

Slow release formulations of hexabutyldistannoxane (TBTO) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were tested for the control of Biomphalaria tenagophila in 52 urban sites in Rio de Janeiro. TBTO acted faster and lasted longer than PCP and at 15 g/m(2) it eliminated snails from 76% of the treated sites for 1 year. Water pollution and rate of flow had no significant influence on the molluscicidal properties of either compound, but alkalinity lowered the activity of TBTO. Failure to control snail populations was due mainly to human interference and to the non-treatment of adjacent breeding sites that were temporarily dry and therefore overlooked.

Animals↗