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Biomedical subjects

B Grossman

Publications and source records attributed to B Grossman.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Hepatitis B surface antigenemia in blood donors following vaccination.

BACKGROUND: Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in recently vaccinated adults has not previously been reported. Transient detectable HBsAg has been observed in newborn infants immunized with a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Over a 1-year period, eight HBsAg-positive blood donors mentioned during donor notification that they had been vaccinated for hepatitis B virus 1 to 3 days before donation. Follow-up tests for HBsAg, antibodies to HBsAg, and antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen were performed 3 to 37 weeks after immunization. Four months later, a group of 19 donors who were coworkers received hepatitis B vaccination and then donated blood the next day. The coworkers were observed for duration of antigenemia. RESULTS: A total of nine cases of transient, confirmed (neutralizable) antigenemia occurred in healthy individuals who donated blood 1 to 3 days following vaccination with a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Follow-up testing showed no evidence of infection by hepatitis B virus. One (5.3%) of 19 blood donors vaccinated as a group had antigenemia at Day 1 but not on Days 2 and 3 following immunization. CONCLUSION: Individuals recently vaccinated for hepatitis B may test positive for HBsAg and become permanently disqualified as blood donors. Therefore, blood collection centers should consider temporary deferral of potential donors who recently received hepatitis B vaccine.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Aging and sense of control.

Three groups representing different phases of the developmental lifecycle--12 senior citizens, 67 young adults, and 14 healthy middle-aged normal adults--were assessed using a multidimensional control inventory. Senior citizens had a healthy over-all sense of control comparable to those of the other two groups and a significantly lower (healthier) negative sense of control. They also were significantly more likely to endorse acceptance as a way of addressing areas of concern and to complement self as a source of control with a sense of control coming from others (including God, belief in a higher power).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

A high-sensitivity electrochemiluminescence-based detection system for automated PCR product quantitation.

A high-sensitivity nonisotopic system has been developed for post-PCR product detection. The probe-based detection system exploits a chemiluminescent reaction that takes place on the electrode surface in an electrochemical cell. The detection system incorporates a biotin-streptavidin capture reaction onto a solid support that permits fast post-PCR product detection at the attomole level. The system precision is within 5% relative standard deviation over a linear dynamic range of greater than three orders of magnitude. In this paper, the principles and features of the electrochemiluminescent-based detection system, together with its application to PCR product quantitation, are described in detail.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1989

Multiple arteriovenous malformations of the small intestine in a patient with protein S deficiency.

The authors report a case of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the small intestine in a young patient with protein S deficiency. These disorders have not been previously reported to occur together. Protein S deficiency may cause thromboses in unusual sites, including the mesenteric veins. Several mechanisms linking protein S deficiency to the occurrence of AVMs in this patient are offered.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Self-esteem, ethnic identity, and behavioral adjustment among Anglo and Chicano adolescents in West Texas.

This study provides a comparison of similarities and differences with respect to ethnic identity between Anglo and Chicano adolescents from Texas. A path analysis model was used to test a theoretical assumption concerning proposed antecedents and consequences of self-esteem. Research instruments included the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, the Semantic Differential (scales for Myself and My Ethnic Group) and the McGuire White Measure of Social Status. Results were consistent with the interpretation that there is a relationship between being Chicano and having lower self-esteem, lower behavioral adjustment, and higher ethnic esteem. The prediction that ethnic esteem would mediate between ethnic group and self-esteem was upheld. Variables such as ethnic group membership per se and sex appear as or more important to the prediction of behavioral level. Clinical implications include recognizing that Chicanos low in self-esteem or behavioral adjustment should not automatically be considered unusual. The problems faced by this group are considered as having something in common with other groups of people who have more problems, lesser status, fewer resources, and fewer sources of available help.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Different definitions of alcoholism, II: A pilot study of 10 definitions in a treatment setting.

The authors have developed the Alcohol Poly-Diagnostic Interview, which permits the operationalization of the 10 leading definitions of alcoholism used in the United States and Europe. In a pilot study of 23 patients in an outpatient alcohol treatment facility, all patients were identified as alcoholic by seven of the diagnostic schemes; the other three diagnostic schemes identified at least 78% of the patients as alcoholic. The authors also found that the Diagnostic Interview Schedule was sensitive to the diagnosis of alcoholism among treated patients. This approach should facilitate further research into the relationship among various definitions of alcoholism and studies of their validity.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effective control of cisplatin-induced nausea using high-dose steroids and droperidol.

Seventy-three consecutive patients receiving cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimens were treated with an initial dose of chlorpromazine (25 mg im), droperidol (1 mg iv, then 1 mg sc every 4 hours), and methylprednisolone (250 mg every 4 hours for four doses). Twenty patients received a combination chemotherapy protocol that included cisplatin at a dose of 40 mg/m2 iv (group 1) and 53 patients received a protocol that included cisplatin at a dose of 120 mg/m2 iv (group 2). The median age of all the patients was 58 years. Seventy-five percent of the patients in group 1 and 45% of those in group 2 had no vomiting at all; the remainder had limited and tolerable vomiting. These results in a group of elderly patients compare favorably with trials of other antiemetic programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Hypercalcemia associated with T-cell lymphoma-leukemia.

Two adults who had T-cell lymphoma-leukemia and recurrent hypercalcemia in the absence of radiographic evidence of bone disease are described. Bone histopathology showed marked osteoclastic activation. Bone resorbing factors, including both prostaglandin E and a material produced in the presence of a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, were detected in the in-vitro culture fluids of malignant cells of one of the patients. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone were not elevated. These findings suggest that hypercalcemia resulted from in-vitro osteoclast activation by tumor cell product(s), one of which may be similar, if not identical, to the lymphocyte product osteoclast-activating factor. Two other patients having T-cell lymphoma-leukemia and hypercalcemia have been identified in the literature: the malignant cells of one of these patients also released a calcium-mobilizing factor in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cystic lymphangioma in a colt.

A 6-month-old Morgan colt was examined because of preputial edema and multiple nodular masses in the left inguinal region. A tentative diagnosis of lymphatic hamartoma was made on the basis of initial biopsy findings. The prognosis for surgical excision was poor due to the progressive expansile growth of the tumor. Secondary infectious complications developed, and the colt was euthanatized at the owner's request. An abdominal and retroperitoneal mass was seen at postmortem examination. The mass was adherent to the left lumbar musculature, the craniodorsal aspect of the pelvic inlet, the midjejunum, the left testicle, and the left kidney. The mass extended through the left inguinal and femoral canals into the deep intermuscular fascia of the hindlimb. Histologic examination of the mass indicated that it was a cystic lymphangioma.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Movement of sodium into human platelets induced by ADP.

1. In normal human platelets the concentrations of Na+ and K+ were 42.1 +/- 4.3 and 98.8 +/- 3.7 mequiv/l of platelet water respectively (mean +/- S.E. of 22 samples). 2. When platelet-rich plasma was incubated with 22Na+ at 37 degrees C for 2-3 h an increase in platelet Na+ concentration was found which was significant after 210 min. Platelet K+ concentration did not change significantly. The platelet 22Na+ radioactivity increased faster than did the total Na+ suggesting a Na+o-Na+ exchange process in unactivated platelets. 3. Addition of ADP to platelet-rich plasma resulted in platelet aggregation and a rapid rise (within seconds) in 22Na+-radioactivity within the platelets and after 300 s this increase diminished toward control levels. 4. Under the same experimental conditions, ADP did not bring about an increase of 36Cl- in the platelets. 5. Ouabain (10-(6) M) added to platelet-rich plasma induced an increase in Na+ concentration and 22Na+ radioactivity in the platelets, as well as a decrease in K+ concentration. ADP produced a further increase in 22Na+, which did not return toward control values, in the presence of ouabain. 6. The association of an increase in 22Na+ but not of 36Cl- accompanying aggregation by ADP suggests a selective mechanism for the movement of Na+ into platelets rather than a movement of NaCl together with water under an osmotic gradient.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗