Realizing the potential of Embryo transfer (ET) for rapid, cheap and widespread dissemination of genetic material, the risk of transmission disease through the embryos must be considered. The aim of this paper is to evaluate theses risks at each step of production, storage and transfer. The pathogen agent may potentially originate from the donor male (semen) or the donor female (oocytes, embryos) and finally from the environmental conditions. As the differences between in vivo and in vitro derived embryos have been well described, evaluation of the potential risks should be assessed separately for in vivo and in vitro produced embryos. Even if this paper insist on the diseases or diseases agents that are more questionable, it clearly appears that ET remains the more safety way to transfer gene, provided prevention measures are properly handled (use of donor that are specific pathogen free, washing of embryos, additional treatment...) and furthermore it can be easily seen as the best way to prevent some disease transmissions (TSEs, leukosis, foot-and-mouth disease...).

Animal Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Specific cytogenetic labeling of bovine spermatozoa bearing X or Y chromosomes using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).

X and Y specific probes were identified in order to apply the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique to bovine spermatozoa. For Y chromosome detection, the BRY4a repetitive probe, covering three quarters of the chromosome, was used. For X chromosome detection, a goat Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) specific to the X chromosome of bovine and goats and giving a strong FISH signal was used. Each probe labeled roughly 45% of sperm cells. The hybridization method will be useful for evaluating the ratio of X- and Y- bearing spermatozoa in a sperm sample and consequently can be used to evaluate the efficiency of sperm sorting by different techniques such as flow cytometry.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Pseudomonas aeruginosa osteitis of the spinal process after peridural anesthesia].

BACKGROUND: Osteitis of the posterior wall of the spinal canal is an exceptional complication after peridural anesthesia. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis based on clinical signs and imaging data. CASE REPORT: A 73-year-old man was hospitalized for lower back pain and fever of 3 weeks duration after a total hip arthroplasty performed under general anesthesia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine disclosed osteitis of the spinal processes. Local bacteriology sample evidenced Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Outcome was favorable after a 6-month treatment. DISCUSSION: Data in the French and English literature (since 1948) on bone infections following epidural anesthesia have included 5 cases of spondylodiscitis and 1 case of posterior wall osteitis. The diagnosis is suggested by the clinical presentation. Standard x-rays contribute little. Early diagnosis in the infraradiological phase can be obtained with bone scintigraphy. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging are currently highly contributive to diagnosis and follow-up after treatment. Contamination may be direct or via the blood stream or result from an extension of a neighboring infectious focus. Antibiotic therapy and immobilization are indicated. Rigorous application of strict aseptic procedures during lumbar puncture and use of the epidural catheter are crucial for prevention.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Chromobacterium violaceum peritonitis: case report and literature review].

We report a case of Chromobacterium violaceum infection and we review the literature for all published cases. C. violaceum grew from a peritoneal fluid of a 47-year-old woman operated on for peritonitis following perforative gastroduodenal ulcer. She was just coming back from a 1-month-holyday in French Guyana, where she might have been in contact with this micro-organism. The patient fully recovered after surgical management associated with antibiotic therapy consisting of ofloxacin plus piperacillin-tazobactam. Among the more than a hundred of published cases of human infections with C. violaceum that we retrieved, there was not any other case of peritonitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The spinal dopaminergic system].

A new dopaminergic innervation has been described quite recently: the dopaminergic spinal cord system. In this review are presented the different steps which lead to the individualization of this dopaminergic system and the reported results actually available concerning its probable anatomical organization. Finally, most of the data which illustrate the possible functions of this system are discussed. Interestingly, its participation in the transmission of nociceptive signals and the control of cardiovascular patterns appear now well established. Such functional implications give new information on the possible targets of central dopaminergic agonists and antagonists, particularly at the cardiovascular level.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Are chicken suspected? Apropos of a case with recurrent Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus peritonitis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗