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Biomedical subjects

B H Ali

Publications and source records attributed to B H Ali.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Semen characteristics in furazolidone-treated goats.

Furazolidone was given to male Nubian goats for 5 days at a therapeutic dose of 10 mg/kg or at a dose of 40 mg/kg, and the effect on semen morphology and biochemistry was studied. At the lower dose, furazolidone significantly reduced seminal ejaculate volume, the number of motile spermatozoa per ejaculate and the number of live spermatozoa per ejaculate, while secondary abnormalities increased. At a dose of 40 mg/kg, the same effects were produced and there were significant reductions in wave motion, percentage of motile spermatozoa and percentage of live spermatozoa. Fructose concentration was significantly reduced with both the doses, while citric acid was not affected by either one. Alkaline phosphatase activity was lower with 10 mg/kg of furazolidone and increased when the larger dose was administered.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of furazolidone and nitrofurazone on egg production, on plasma luteinising hormone and on prolactin concentrations in turkeys.

1. Furazolidone or nitrofurazone were given orally to laying turkeys at doses of 7.5, 15 or 30 mg/kg for 7 d. Plasma concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and egg production were measured before, during and after treatment. 2. Both drugs produced dose-dependent decreases in LH concentration which were statistically significant at doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg. Plasma PRL concentration was significantly increased in birds receiving 15 or 30 mg/kg of nitrofurazone, and tended to increase in the other treated groups, but this was not statistically significant. 3. Egg production was lowered in a dose-dependent manner by both drugs. However, nitrofurazone appeared to be more potent in reducing egg production than furazolidone. 4. Birds given 15 mg/kg of either drug were injected intramuscularly with luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) at a dose of 5 micrograms/kg and blood was collected immediately before and 30 min after LHRH administration. 5. Nitrofurazone significantly reduced the rise in LH induced by LHRH. Seven days after withdrawing the drug, the LHRH-induced LH release was not significantly different when compared to that in the control group or that seen on day 7 of treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

The effect of magnesium aspartate, xylazine and morphine on the immobilization-induced increase in the levels of prolactin in turkey plasma.

The effect of pre-treating turkey poults (8 weeks old) with magnesium aspartate, xylazine or morphine on the concentration of prolactin (PRL) in plasma was studied in normal birds, and birds stressed with immobilization. Acute immobilization (2 h) without drug treatment increased significantly the PRL concentration in plasma. Pretreatment with magnesium aspartate (405 mg/ml) at intramuscular doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/bird decreased significantly, in a dose-dependent manner, the PRL plasma concentration when compared with the immobilized birds. Drug treatment without immobilization had no significant effect on PRL concentration. Similar results were obtained with xylazine (20 mg/ml) when given to birds intramuscularly at doses of 5, 10, or 20 mg/bird, 1 h before immobilization. Morphine, at intramuscular doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg, did not affect significantly the prolactin concentration of immobilized turkeys. At a dose of 25 mg/kg, however, it significantly lowered the PRL plasma concentration in immobilized birds. Morphine treatment alone did not influence significantly the basal PRL plasma concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The toxicity of Azadirachta indica leaves in goats and guinea pigs.

The effects produced by the administration of aqueous suspensions of the green or dried leaves of Azadirachta indica, a common tropical plant, were investigated in goats and guinea pigs. At doses of 50 or 200 mg/kg given orally over a period of up to eight weeks, the plant produced a progressive decrease in body weight, weakness, inappetence, and loss of condition. There were also decreases in heart, pulse and respiratory rates. Diarrhea was observed in animals given the fresh leaves. In goats, the higher doses of the plant leaves produced tremors and ataxia during the last few days of treatment. No statistically significant hematological changes were observed after dosing the animals with A indica leaves, although there was a tendency towards lowered erythrocyte counts, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration. The treatments caused significant rises in the plasma activity of aspartate transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and concentrations of cholesterol, urea, creatinine and potassium. No significant changes in the plasma concentration of sodium, chloride or bilirubin were detected. On necropsy of treated goats there were areas of hemorrhagic erosions. The hearts appeared flappy and in some animals there were hydropericarium. Histopathologically, there was evidence of various degrees of hemorrhage, congestion, and degeneration in the liver, kidney, lung, duodenum and brain. Degeneration of the seminiferous tubules was also seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Africa↗
PubMed1986

Effects of furazolidone on some reproductive hormones during oestrous cycle in the goat.

In non-pregnant goat luteolysis is characterized by a decline in peripheral plasma progesterone level and increased peripheral plasma concentrations of testosterone (T) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Daily oral doses of furazolidone (80 mg/kg) between days 10 and 16 delayed luteolysis and suppressed both the decline in progesterone concentrations and the increase in T and DHT level.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The effect of furazolidone on some clinical and biochemical parameters in goats.

Furazolidone (FZ) administered to goats orally at the recommended therapeutic dose (10 mg/kg body weight for 5 days) resulted in significant decreases in heart rate, pulse rate, and rectal temperature. No change was observed in respiratory rate or body weight, although a tendency towards a decrease in the latter was observed. An increase in the number of the erythrocytes was found. FZ also produced significant decreases in the pseudocholinesterase activity and plasma concentrations of total protein and ascorbic acid. A significant increase in the adrenal cholesterol concentration was observed while the weight of adrenal glands and their ascorbic acid concentration and content were unaffected. No significant histopathological changes were observed in treated goats.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1986

Some observations on the toxicosis of isometamidium chloride (samorin) in camels.

Healthy camels were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi and then treated with isometamidium chloride (samorin) at single intravenous doses of 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg. Five to 10 min after the drug administration, the camels at both dosages showed lacrimation, salivation, trembling, restlessness, frequent urination and defecation, followed by diarrhea. Moreover, the camels at the higher dose showed an unsteady gait for about an hour with hindleg weakness and walking backward. The animals fell to the ground, laid on their sides, and bent their necks into an "S" shaped curve. Three hours after the drug administration all the animals stood up and remained quiet. The treatment increased the concentration of plasma ammonia and total protein. No significant change was found in the plasma bilirubin concentration. Two hours after treatment, the activity of plasma cholinesterase was significantly reduced. The enzyme activity recovered 24 h after drug administration, but was still significantly below the control value. The treatment did not produce statistically significant changes in the hemogram of the infected camels. The results suggest that the drug should not be used clinically against T evansi infection due to its low margin of safety. If the drug is to be used at all in camels, pretreatment with an anticholinergic agent might be considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The cytochromes P-450 concentrations in microsomes of liver, kidney and duodenal mucosa of the camel, sheep and goat.

The concentration of microsomal cytochromes P-450, and of protein in the homogenate, cytosol and microsomes were measured in the liver, kidney and duodenal mucosa of healthy well-fed male and female camels, sheep and goats. For comparison, data from the liver of male and female rats were also obtained. The protein concentrations in the tissues of adult animals were broadly similar in the four species. The concentration of cytochromes P-450 was highest in the liver, followed by the kidney, then the duodenal mucosa in all the species. No cytochromes P-450 were detected in the tissues of immature (less than 1 mo) male goats, whereas the female goat had the highest concentrations of these enzymes in the liver and kidney when compared with the respective tissues in the other species studied. Males had higher activity of cytochromes P-450 than females in the three tissues, except in the duodenal mucosa of sheep, where males had lower activity than females. In camel liver and sheep kidney, the amount of cytochromes P-450 were similar in the two sexes. The present results suggest that the mature female goat is the species best equipped to handle xenobiotics which are detoxified by the cytochromes P-450 and other drug metabolizing enzymes in diseased or malnourished animals is suggested as these two conditions are known to modify drug metabolizing enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

HPLC analysis of furazolidone in goats given the therapeutic dose.

Furazolidone (FZ) was given to Nubian goats at the recommended therapeutic dose of 10 mg/kg body wt, for 5 days. The animals were slaughtered 24 hr after the last dose, and their livers, gluteal muscles, kidneys and hearts analysed for FZ residues by an HPLC method with a detection limit of 0.05 micrograms g-1. The drug was detected in the muscle and liver at concentrations of 0.256 +/- 0.009, 0.101 +/- 0.016 micrograms g-1 tissue, respectively. No detectable concentrations of the drug were found in the kidney and heart.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Furazolidone concentrations in plasma, milk and some tissues of Nubian goats.

The concentrations of furazolidone (FZ) in plasma and milk were measured in goats treated orally with the drug at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 daily for 5 days. The maximum plasma concentrations obtained were 1.57 +/- 0.52 micrograms ml-1 (n = 5) 8 h after the first dose, and 2.13 +/- 0.11 micrograms ml-1 (n = 4) 6 h after the fifth dose. The maximum milk concentration was 0.88 +/- 0.32 micrograms ml-1 (n = 4) 8 h following the administration of a single dose. Using a colorimetric method, FZ was not detectable in goats' liver or muscle after the recommended therapeutic dose (10 mg kg-1, 5 days). However, using an HPLC method, the drug was detected 24 h after the treatment in the gluteal muscle and liver at concentrations of 0.26 +/- 0.01 microgram g-1 (n = 5) and 0.10 +/- 0.02 microgram g-1 (n = 5), respectively. The drug concentrations decreased significantly (P less than 0.05-0.01) at 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment, and no measurable concentrations were found after 10 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of niclofolan on desert sheep experimentally infected with immature Fasciola gigantica.

Eight desert sheep were each infected orally with 500 metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica and, after 4 weeks, four of the animals were given niclofolan orally at the recommended therapeutic dose rate of 7 mg/kg, the other four remaining as controls. One week later, the animals were slaughtered and the fasciocidal effect of the drug was evaluated on the basis of worm burden, haemogram, some plasma constituents, and gross and histopathological lesions of the liver, as indicators of efficacy. The treatment was found to be ineffective, the degree of infection remaining the same as in the untreated control group. The experiment was repeated using eight infected sheep: four were given the drug orally at a dose rate of 10.5 mg/kg, i.e., 1.5 times the recommended dose; and the same parameters were measured as described above. The drug failed to cure the infected sheep, and caused depression, anorexia and weakness. In a third experiment six sheep were infected as before and three were treated with niclofolan by deep i.m. injection at the recommended therapeutic dose of 2 mg/kg. A week later the animals were killed and examined as before. The drug was effective in treating the infection and produced no untoward effects except for transient signs of pain at the site of injection. It seems possible that the oral dose, unlike the i.m. dose, of niclofolan is not absorbed and/or metabolized sufficiently to prevent elimination of the infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of some monoamine oxidase inhibitors on the thiamin status of rabbits.

The monamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors harmaline, tranylcypromine, deprenyl, clorgyline and iproniazid were injected intraperitoneally for five days to rabbits at doses that produced significant MAO inhibition. The first three inhibitors raised the concentrations of pyruvate and lactate in blood, decreased the activity of erythrocyte transketolase (TK) and increased the thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) effect. The drugs also produced anorexia and loss of body weight. The changes were suggestive of an adverse effect on the thiamin status. Clorgyline and iproniazid, however, raised the blood concentrations of pyruvate and lactate but did not affect significantly erythrocyte TK activity or TPP effect. Treatment of rabbits for 14 days with the thiamin antagonists pyrithiamine (20 micrograms kg-1) or oxythiamine (0.8 mg kg-1) produced a significant drop in TK activity and increase in the lactate and pyruvate concentrations as well as an increase in TPP effect. Pyrithiamine (5, 10 or 20 micrograms kg-1, 14 days) lowered significantly the activity of MAO in the liver and brain of rabbits. Treatment with the other antagonist, oxythiamine, at doses of 0.2 or 0.4 mg kg-1 for 14 days had no significant effect on MAO activity. At a dose of 0.8 mg kg-1 a significant drop in MAO activity occurred. A pair-feeding trial indicated that the biochemical changes produced in animals treated with MAO inhibitors were attributable to the drugs per se, and not to the ensuing anorexia. Thiamin (100 micrograms kg-1, subcutaneously) when given concomitantly with pyrithiamine, oxythiamine, harmaline, deprenyl and tranylcypromine was effective in preventing the development of thiamin deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Experimental infection of the domestic donkey (Equus asinus asinus) with a goat strain of Sarcoptes scabiei, and treatment with ivermectin.

Donkeys were experimentally infected with Sarcoptes scabiei from goats, proving that this mite is not completely host specific. The lesions produced on the donkeys were characterized by extensive areas of alopecia, covered with thin crusts and bran-like scales. The skin had many excoriations but showed no cracks or fissures. Skin scrapings from the experimental lesions in donkeys contained numerous mites of all stages and skin sections showed severe histopathological changes, proving that the goat mites had become well established and were reproducing actively in experimental lesions. Treatment of the donkeys with ivermectin produced excellent and rapid cure.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Some effects of imidocarb in goats.

Clinically normal Nubian goats were given the antiprotozoal drug imidocarb at single intramuscular doses of 6, 12, 18 and 24 mg/kg, and the various clinical, biochemical and pathological manifestations were recorded. At a dose of 6 mg/kg the drug produced no change in any of the parameters studied. At higher doses, the drug produced dose dependent changes which included increased heart and respiratory rates, increased defaecation, urination, depression, incoordination of movement, weakness of the hindlegs, recumbency, and finally death. Just prior to death, there was a significant decrease in the number of erythrocytes, and in packed cell volume, and haemoglobin concentration. In plasma there was an increase in the activity of aspartate transaminase, urea and creatinine concentrations and inhibition of cholinesterase activity. The main histopathological changes were associated with hepatic and renal damage. Three goats were pre-treated with atropine sulphate (1 mg/animal) and after one hour given imidocarb intramuscularly at a dose of 12 mg/kg. The changes were similar but much less severe when compared with those in animals given imidocarb alone at the same dose.

Animals↗