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B H Ali

Publications and source records attributed to B H Ali.

154 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of furazolidone and furaltadone on drug metabolism in rats.

This work examines the effect of oral treatment of rats with the nitrofuran drugs furazolidone (FZ) and furaltadone (F) at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 4 days, or F in the drinking water at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% w/v for 14 days, on drug metabolism in vivo. FZ at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, and F at a dose of 400 mg/kg or at a concentration of 0.4% w/v in water depressed growth and prolonged pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time. Treatment also significantly increased the blood concentration of metronidazole when measured 30 and 40 min after metronidazole administration. Administration of tremorine (25 mg/kg, i.p.) to control vehicle-treated rats produced within 2-3 min tremors, piloerection, profuse salivation, defecation urination and chromodacryorrhesis (red tears). The onset of appearance of these signs was delayed to 7-12 min in rats pretreated with FZ or F (100 mg/kg, 4 days) or cimetidine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) given 45 min earlier. Taken together, these results suggest that FZ and F inhibit drug metabolism in rats. Treatment with these nitrofuran drugs may alter the disposition of certain drugs which may be given concomitantly with them.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The hepatic and duodenal activities of some drug metabolizing enzymes in chickens: influence of infection with Escherichia coli endotoxin and coccidiosis.

The activities of the drug metabolizing enzymes aminopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase, together with protein concentration, were measured in liver microsomes and duodenal mucosa from healthy chickens and chickens experimentally infected with Escherichia coli endotoxin, or naturally infected with Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria tenella (clinically classified as slight, moderate or severe infections). E. coli (2 mg/kg, 3 days) and severe coccidiosis significantly decreased the activities of the three enzymes in the liver and duodenum. However, infection by the E. coli endotoxin at lower doses (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, 3 days) and moderate or slight coccidial infections had no significant effect on the activities of these enzymes. Neither E. coli nor coccidial infections significantly affected the liver/body weight ratio. However, infection with the E. coli endotoxin (2 mg/kg, 3 days) and the moderate or severe coccidial infections significantly reduced microsomal protein concentration in the liver.

Animals↗
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Comparative pharmacokinetics of salicylate in camels, sheep and goats.

This study compared some pharmacokinetic parameters of DL-lysine-acetyl salicylate administered intravenously (i.v.) and intramuscularly (i.m.) at a dose of 20 mg/kg in camels, sheep and goats. The data was analyzed using a non-compartmental model. In camels, sheep and goats given the drug i.v., the t1/2 values were 43.1, 31.2 and 27.3; the clearance (Cl) values were 203.7, 261.1, and 280.4 ml/h/kg, while the area under the curve (AUC) were 100.1, 106.9 and 110.5 mg.h/L, respectively. In camels, sheep and goats given the drug by the i.m. route the mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) were 0.94, 1.44 and 1.74 mg/ml, and the time to reach Cmax (tmax) were 2.94, 2.57 and 2.43h, respectively. The t1/2 values were 48.9, 38.2 and 36.0 min; the clearance (Cl) values were 261.3, 297.4 and 306.4 ml/h/kg, while the area under the curve (AUC) were 101.6, 117.3 and 123.7 mg.h/L, respectively. The drug bioavailability (F) in camels, sheep and goats were 71.3, 78.4 and 79.4% respectively. These findings suggest that the rate of absorption and elimination of the salicylate is slower in camels than in sheep and goats.

Animals↗
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The effects of fascioliasis on the activities of some drug-metabolizing enzymes in desert sheep liver.

Desert sheep experimentally or naturally infected with Fasciola gigantica were used to study the influence of infection on the activities of some drug-metabolizing enzymes found in the liver. The enzymes investigated were aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline 4-hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase. The experimental infection was confirmed histologically by detection of Fasciola eggs in faeces and by measuring the activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SD), glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in plasma during the course of the disease. Liver specimens from naturally infected sheep were obtained from the slaughter house. The activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline 4-hydroxylase were significantly decreased in sheep either naturally infected or during the acute stage of experimental fascioliasis (killed 5 weeks post-infection). The activity of UDP-glucuronyltransferase was decreased in naturally infected sheep and those killed 9 or 13 weeks post-experimental infection.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intramuscular furosemide in the camel (Camelus dromedarius).

Single bolus intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) doses of furosemide (1.5 mg kg(-1)) were administered in a crossover design to three female and three male adult, dromedary camels. Plasma furosemide concentrations were assayed by HPLC and sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations were measured using ion-selective electrodes. Plasma furosemide concentration-time plots indicated multi-compartment disposition, and there was considerable intersubject variability in the pharmacokinetic parameters. The mean (SD) i.v. terminal elimination half-life was 118 (67) minutes. The systemic clearance was 5.4 (1.2) ml min(-1) kg(-1). and the steady-state volume of distribution was 0.43 (0.14) litre kg(-1). The mean absorption time after i.m. dosing was 33 (62) minutes, while the absolute bioavailability was 71 (20) per cent. The glucuronide metabolite of furosemide was not detected in plasma. Clearance was lower, volume of distribution was larger, and half-life was longer compared with published data for dogs, horses, rats and humans. Plasma potassium and sodium concentrations were significantly diminished (P<0.05) by an average of 35.6 per cent (two to six hours post-dose) and 11.3 per cent (eight hours post-dose), respectively. Plasma chloride concentrations were not significantly affected by furosemide administration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of Rhazya stricta on the developing rat fetus.

Rhazya stricta is a medicinal plant traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, inflammation, and helminthiasis. Our objective was to determine if the plant extract has any effect on fetal development in the rat. A lyophilized extract of the plant was administered daily on three consecutive gestation days (GD) covering the period of preimplantation and organogenesis. The fetuses were examined on GD 20. Higher doses (5.0 or 8.0 g/kg) of R. stricta generally caused a reduction in maternal weight gain, compared to controls, whereas the lower doses (0.5 to 2.0 g/kg) did not. Treatment on GD 1, 2, 3, or 7, 8, 9 had no effect on the fetal weight. Treatment on later days GD 8, 9, 10, or 10, 11, 12, or 13, 14, 15 reduced both the number of live fetuses and their weight. Pronounced intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was observed in groups treated at later stages, particularly in the high dose groups. Extreme resorption characterized R. stricta treatment on GD 10, 11, and 12. Examination of the conceptus 24 h after R. stricta treatment indicated retarded placental development associated with hypovascularity, which possibly contributed to the IUGR and fetal death. The incidence of malformations such as micromelia, adactyly, maxillary-mandibular hypoplasia, protruding tongue, and edema, did not reach statistical significance. Except perhaps for a generalized growth retardation, no skeletal malformations were obvious. These observations are suggestive of potential fetal toxicity of R. stricta if taken during pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tissue and intracellular distribution of rhodanese and mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase in ruminants and birds.

Cyanide detoxification is catalysed by two enzymes: rhodanese [thiosulphate: cyanide sulphurtransferase, E.C. 2.8.1.1], and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase [3-MST, EC. 2.8.1.2]. In the present work, the activity of the two enzymes in the crude extracts of different tissues and in the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions of tissues from some ruminants (camels, cattle and sheep) and birds (chickens and pigeons) have been compared. Rhodanese activity was almost exclusively present in the mitochondrial fraction. In ruminants and chickens the highest activity of rhodanese was found in the liver, followed by the kidney. In pigeons, however, the enzyme activity was the highest in the kidneys. In camels' tissues, the rhodanese activity was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in cattle or sheep, and the enzyme activities in the two latter species were similar. The activity of 3-MST in the crude extract of tissues from camels was similar to that in sheep, but higher than that in cattle. The enzyme activity was equally distributed between the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions in the liver and kidneys of camels, cattle and sheep.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lack of effect of chloramphenicol on monoamine, diamine and plasma amine oxidase activities.

Chloramphenicol treatment in rabbits (60 mg/kg i.m. for 5 days) did not affect significantly (P greater than 0.1) the activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO) or diamine oxidase (DAO) in liver, heart or brain. Plasma amine oxidase (PAO) was not significantly inhibited (P greater than 0.1) in goats treated with chloramphenicol (60 mg/kg i.m. for 5 days). Chloramphenicol (2 X 10(-3) mol/l) preincubated with rabbit hepatic MAO had no significant effect (P greater than 0.1) on the enzyme activity.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of ethanol treatment on the plasma concentrations of prolactin and luteinizing hormone in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo).

The effect of ethanol consumption on the plasma concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was investigated in turkey poults. Ethanol (4-5% v/v in drinking water for 42 days) significantly increased the concentration of PRL, and tended to decrease that of LH. It is suggested that the hyperprolactinaemia produced by ethanol might be due to its stressor action on the birds.

Animals↗