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Biomedical subjects

B H Williams

Publications and source records attributed to B H Williams.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Pathophysiology of dynamic cardiomyoplasty: a clinico-pathological case study.

A 58-year-old man with end-stage ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent dynamic cardiomyoplasty. "On" and "off" studies with the cardiac assist device failed to show any significant hemodynamic changes despite improvement in functional status. The patient's late postoperative course was complicated by two episodes of acute pulmonary edema followed by cardiac arrest. These events were precipitated by ventricular tachycardia. The last episode led to myocardial infarction requiring diastolic counterpulsation and inotropic support. He died 4 1/2 months following the cardiomyoplasty. Postmortem findings revealed an anterior left ventricular infarct with aneurysm. There was fusion of skeletal muscle to the epicardium with minimal fibrosis and atrophy. The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap was viable, but myofibrillar ATPase stain revealed incomplete transformation. Several clinical observations have emerged from the early experience with dynamic cardiomyoplasty: (1) Important arrhythmias and cardiac arrest compromise the vascular supply and thus power of the muscular flap; (2) Resting ejection fraction does not correlate with exercise tolerance, therefore, other parameters must be sought to explain improved functional status; (3) Uniform muscle transformation in humans may be unpredictable with current clinical stimulation protocols. The conformation of LD to the epicardium underscores a potential remodeling phenomenon which may ultimately spare the diseased myocardium by altering its oxygen supply/demand ratio and thus the natural history.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1984

Clinical effectiveness of mechanical-chemical tissue displacement methods.

The following conclusions were made after statistical analysis. There was no significant difference between racemic epinephrine cord and aluminum sulfate cord. Both racemic epinephrine cord and aluminum sulfate cord were more effective than nonmedicated cord. There was no difference between dry cord and water-saturated cord. Hemorrhage control with a cord saturated in Hemodent was more effective than water-saturated or dry cords. The racemic epinephrine cord was not superior to the aluminum sulfate cord, so the dentist could eliminate a cord with potential systemic effects and substitute the more innocuous cord. Hemodent approximately doubled the hemostasis success of any cord used in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Anterior malocclusion and soft tissue profile related to sound production and self-concept.

The objective of this study was to relate self concept and sound production to skeletal malocclusion and soft tissue facial profiles. The sample group consisted of forty-seven subjects divided into two groups. One group of eleven was selected on the basis of not having malocclusions from patients seeking general dental care. The other group of thirty-six subjects was selected on the basis of presenting a malocclusion and was chosen from patients seeking orthodontic care. Both groups were between the ages of eleven and fifteen. The findings indicate a high degree of correlation for the following: 1. Upper lip tip and the lower lip tip with skeletal convexity at Point A. 2. Convexity at Point A and abnormalities in self concept and speech production.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effects of diet composition and adrenalectomy on the lipogenic responses of rats to starvation-refeeding.

The interacting effects of diet and glucocorticoid (GC) on the tritium incorporation into lipid and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in starved-refed rats was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intact, adrenalectomized (ADX), or ADX and given GC and fed either ad libitum or not fed for 48 hours amd refed either a 65% glucose diet, 65% sucrose diet, 65% starch diet, 65% protein diet or a 40% fat diet. No diet differences in rates of 3HOH incorporation into total lipids were observed in ad libitum-fed rats. ADX lowered lipogenesis and this effect was diet dependent. Sucrose-fed, glucose-fed and protein-fed ADX rats had lower rates of lipogenesis than their intact controls. Starvation-refeeding increased lipogenesis in all groups of intact rats except those fed the 40% fat diet. The magnitude of the response was diet dependent. Sucrose-fed rats had greater responses than fat-fed rats. The diet effect was dependent on the presence of the adrenals and GC. Thus, the large increase in liver lipid associated with starvation-refeeding is contingent on the composition of the diet and the presence of the adrenals.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis and prevention of maxillary cuspid impaction.

Upper cuspid impaction is a serious problem that occurs with sufficient frequency to justify diagnosis and intervention as early as a dental age of 8 years. Screening consists of identifying patients who lack a normal cuspid bulge on palpation, with follow-up radiographic evaluation where indicated. Selective removal of deciduous cuspids is a suggested interceptive measure in Class I uncrowded malocclusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Anterior vertical incremental facial growth: its effects in class II treatment.

The present study shed some light on the anterior incremental vertical growth rates of the face. Both girls' and boys' upper and lower faces were studied starting four years before the presence of the adductor sesamoid of the thumb and stopping two years after closure of the distal epiphysis of the second digit. Examples of the treatment of Class II, Division I mal-occlusions using orthopedic (cervical headgear) forces during the skeletal age period studied were shown. The reactions of vertical changes of the maxilla along with those of the mandible were demonstrated. The clinical responses of both maxilla and mandible should be predictable if skeletal age is used in treatment planning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The effect of bite plane use on terminal hinge axis location.

The effect of bite phase therapy on the location of hinge axis was observed and compared in a sample of normal subjects and a group of individuals with TMJ dysfunction. The normal group displayed a mean change of 1.0 mm with a range of 0.3 mm to 3.4 mm between bite plane use and its absence. The direction of change with bite plane use was anterior with a tendency for superior component. The same group utilized the bite plane a second time and the axis location was compared with the original determined with bite plane use. This procedure was done to test the reproducibility of hinge axis on normal subjects. The mean change between the two bite plane uses was .87 mm with a range of 0.0 mm to 3.0 mm. The symptomatic patients changed a mean of 1.46 mm with a range of 0.0 to 3.3 mm. The direction of change was definitely posterior following therapy with a strong tendency for a superior component. This study seems to emphasize the need for a relaxed and asymptomatic muscular pattern for individuals on whom occlusal adjustments are to be made. In the presence of erroneous maxillomandibular skeletal relationships inaccuracy is inherent for occlusal equilibration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

A longitudinal study of rest position and centric occlusion.

A fifteen-year longitudinal study of rest position and centric occlusion was done on sixteen dentulous subjects with random occlusions. In reviewing the literature the author could find no other investigation with this number of years interim. Records consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms taken when the patient was in rest position and in centric occlusion. Rest position was determined by the patient saying "m" and swallowing, and electromyographically when the anterior belly of the digastric and the temporalis muscles elicited the electrical activity. Both linear and angular measurements were made. The figures from 1958, 1959, and 1960 were averaged and compared with the mean of those taken in 1973. Rest position was found to have a small range of stability in all subjects, while the vertical dimension of centric occlusion increased in ten subjects, decreased in two, and remained the same in four.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulinoma in the ferret: clinical findings and treatment comparison of 66 cases.

The clinical signs and surgical findings were reported for 66 ferrets with insulinomas confirmed histologically. All of the ferrets were treated with one of three modalities, and disease-free intervals and survival times were gathered to determine the most effective treatment. The three treatment groups included 10 ferrets treated medically, 27 ferrets treated with pancreatic nodulectomy, and 29 ferrets treated with pancreatic nodulectomy combined with a partial pancreatectomy. The mean disease-free intervals for each group were 22, 234, and 365 days, respectively. The mean survival times for each group were 186, 456, and 668 days, respectively. Based upon the data, recommendations were made for treating insulinoma in the ferret.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of cyclocreatine in rat hepatocarcinogenesis model.

Cyclocreatine (CCr), a substrate analogue of creatine kinase (CK: EC 2.7.3.2.), exhibits anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. We examined the effects of CCr on the hepatocarcinogenesis of F344 rats caused by treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), partial hepatectomy (PH) or 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). The rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg of DEN per kg in 0.85% NaCl solution at four weeks of age. Two weeks later they were divided into two groups. One group was continuously fed a commercial powder diet containing 0.02% 2-AAF for 12 weeks and the other was continuously fed a commercial powder diet containing 1% CCr plus 0.02% 2-AAF for 12 weeks. A third group of rats as a control was given only a normal powder diet for 12 weeks. All the groups were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) at 3 weeks under avertin anesthesia. To elucidate the inhibitory effect of CCr on chemical induced hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined not only the distribution of glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P) a marker used for tumorigenesis, but also the inhibition of the degree of apoptosis. The number (No./cm2) and area (mm2/cm2) of GST-P positive liver foci were significantly lower in the 2-AAF + CCr treated when compared to the group treated with 2-AAF only. Our data suggest that CCr inhibits the degrees of GST-P-positive cells and apoptosis and is active against hepatocarcinogenesis in rat models. This result points out the unique nature of an anticancer agent that inhibits progression of chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis of rats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A national treasure goes online: the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.

With the advent of the 21st century, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology is delivering online medical consultation to the global health care community. By incorporating widely available open system technology into the paradigm of telepathology, the AFIP is providing world class expertise in pathology and access to a wealth of information for physicians and the general public. The national treasure known as the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology has more than a glorious history; it has a pretty bright future, too.

Computer Communication Networks↗