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B Hägglöf

Publications and source records attributed to B Hägglöf.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Self-reported competencies and problems among Swedish girls with eating disorders and a control sample, using the youth self-report.

OBJECTIVE: To study self-reported competencies and problems in adolescent girls with eating disorders, anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) compared to matched normal controls. METHOD: The Youth Self-Report (YSR) was completed by 211 girls between 13 and 17 years of age with eating disorders and 211 controls matched for age, sex, and geographical area. RESULTS: Girls with eating disorders scored lower on all competence scales and higher on most problem 'scales compared to controls. Type of diagnosis had no effect on competence scales, but BN-patients scored higher than AN- and EDNOS-patients on many problem scales. AN-bingers/purgers reported more problems than restrictors on somatic complaints, delinquent behaviour, and the externalizing dimension. DISCUSSION: We conclude that the YSR gives important information concerning self-reported competencies and concomitant symptoms of general psychopathology in eating disordered adolescent girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Psychometric properties of Eating Disorder Inventory for Children (EDI-C) in Swedish girls with and without a known eating disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Swedish version of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-C) for the internal consistency, factor structure and ability to discriminate between adolescent girls with and without a known eating disorder (ED). METHODS: Completely answered EDI-C questionnaires were available from 201 girls diagnosed with an ED and from 2073 schoolgirls. The girls were adolescents attending grade 7-12. RESULTS: Internal consistency was 0.70-0.91 for the ED group. Eleven factors with eigenvalue > 2.2 explained 56% of the variance and showed satisfying correspondence to the proposed constructs of EDI-C. A discriminant analysis classified 85.6% of the cases correctly. The three most important discriminating subscales were Drive for Thinness, Asceticism and Body Dissatisfaction. All subscales except Maturity Fears showed significantly higher mean values for the ED group. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the psychometric properties of EDI-C are comparable to the properties of EDI-2. EDI-C should be preferred for adolescents since its statements suit this age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Self-reported competencies and problems among Swedish adolescents: a normative study of the YSR. Youth Self Report.

The aim of the study was to provide a standardisation of self-reported competencies and emotional/behavioural problems among Swedish adolescents, using the Youth Self-Report (YSR). The YSR was completed by 2522 adolescents aged 13-18 years, recruited from secondary and upper secondary schools in different regions in Sweden. The results showed that effects of gender and age were small but significant with girls scoring higher than boys on most problem scales, and 15- to 16-year-olds scoring higher than younger and older adolescents on the problem scales. Small effects were also found for residence as well as for parental SES. The correlations between internalising and externalising problems were 0.51 for boys and 0.49 for girls, whereas the correlation between competence and problem scores was low. We conclude that the individual variation in YSR-scores is much greater than can be attributed to factors such as gender, age, SES, or residential area. Consequently, the YSR has the potential to serve as an instrument for assessing individual adolescents' self-reported competencies and problems in Sweden. Given the almost orthogonal relation between self-reported competencies and problems, the competence scale is surprisingly little used in psychopathology research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Conduct problems in Russian adolescents: the role of personality and parental rearing.

The purpose of the present study was 1) to assess the predictive value of conduct problems prior to the age of 12 for the severity of antisocial behaviour during adolescence, and 2) to investigate the relationships between personality traits/parental rearing and childhood conduct problems/teenage antisocial behaviour. A group of 193 delinquents was assessed by means of the Antisocial Behavior Checklist (ABC), the Retrospective Childhood Problems (RETROPROB), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the EMBU questionnaire on parental rearing. The extreme groups of delinquents as defined by childhood conduct problems, differed significantly on the experience of a rejecting father and a self-directed character. Furthermore, some specific predictive patterns for current antisocial behaviour by childhood conduct disorder and both personality dimensions and parental rearing factors emerged. The findings are discussed in the light of the interactive nature of relations between personality and parental rearing in the development of antisocial behaviour among adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

ADHD in Swedish 3- to 7-year-old children.

OBJECTIVE: To study characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a representative group of clinically impaired young children in Sweden with the disorder. METHOD: One hundred thirty-one children with ADHD (aged 3-7 years) were examined, and their parents were interviewed. Independent parent questionnaire data (Child Behavior Checklist, ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Conners) were collected. For comparison 131 children without ADHD were matched for age, gender, parents' marital status, child's adoption status, and social class. RESULTS: Children with ADHD had extremely high ADHD symptom levels--on average four to eight times higher than the comparison group. Sociodemographic correlates of ADHD symptoms were more pronounced in parent questionnaire data than in parent interview data, underscoring the importance of diagnostic interview when dealing with clinical issues. Very few of the children with ADHD (6%) appeared "normal" with regard to attention/activity level at clinical examination. CONCLUSIONS: Clinic children with a diagnosis of DSM-IV ADHD have typical and impairing symptoms already before starting school. The variance of ADHD in this age group appears to be accounted for by primary psychosocial factors only to a limited degree. It would seem reasonable to establish supportive and treatment measures for these young children so that the psychosocial and academic problems shown by so many individuals with ADHD later in their development might be reduced.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed2000

Does maternal prenatal attachment predict postnatal mother-infant interaction?

The current study examined whether maternal prenatal attachment is associated with the mother-infant relationship. One hundred pregnant women and their infants at 12 weeks participated in the study. The sample was part of the Umeâ Child and Family Development project and was randomly recruited by midwives or health visitors. The expectant women completed a self-administered questionnaire, the PAI (the Prenatal Attachment Inventory) measuring prenatal attachment towards their unborn baby. At about 12 weeks postpartum, mothers and their infants were observed and videotaped during an en face interaction. The results revealed that maternal prenatal attachment towards the unborn baby is a good predictor of the early mother-infant relationship. Mothers who were high on the PAI-factor fantasy, for example, in general showed more involvement while interacting with their babies. Mothers rated highly on PAI-factors such as interaction and affection stimulated their infants by using more proximal stimulation, while those rated highly on differentiation of self with the unborn baby used more distal stimulation. Maternal responsive behaviour was only predicted by infant attentive behaviour. This study demonstrated that maternal prenatal attachment during the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with the postnatal maternal involvement, and can serve as an important diagnostic aid in identifying those women for whom the mother-child interaction is likely to be sub-optimal.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Psychological reaction by children of various ages to hospital care and invasive procedures.

Hospital care and treatment by invasive procedures produce significant psychological effects on children. Urogenital surgery deserves particular study. The developmental aspects of different ages are highly relevant. A proposed multidimensional model of contributing factors includes type of medical treatment, any previous surgery, the child's temperament, coping strategies of both child and parents and their psychological health, support from parents and staff, information and psychological preparation and age of the child. Up to now, there have been no clear recommendations as to the best age for elective surgical procedures in children according to psychological risk. In general, older children adapt better psychologically after hospital care. The literature, however, tends to advise elective surgery before 12 mo of age, based on apparent psychological adjustment in the very young after surgery and from a desire to shorten the period of living with the malformation/disorder. However, increased follow-up surgery from early interventions gives a higher risk of psychological problems. More well-controlled studies are needed before final evaluation of the impact of surgical interventions on psycho-social symptoms according to age group. In this analysis a multidimensional model is preferred.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Binding of [(3)H]lysergic acid diethylamide to serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptors and of [(3)H]paroxetine to serotonin uptake sites in platelets from healthy children, adolescents and adults.

Possible age effects on binding of [(3)H]lysergic acid diethylamide ([(3)H]LSD) to serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptors and of [(3)H]paroxetine to serotonin uptake sites were studied in platelets from healthy children (11-12 years of age), adolescents (16-17 years of age) and adults. Significant overall age effects were found both for the number of binding sites (B(max)) for [(3)H]LSD binding (p < 0.001), the affinity constant (K(d)) for [(3)H]LSD binding (p < 0.001), B(max) for [(3)H]paroxetine binding (p < 0.001) and K(d) for [(3)H] paroxetine binding (p = 0.006). In general, there was a decrease in B(max) with increasing age, which predominantly occurred between the ages 11-12 years and 16-17 years for the 5-HT(2A) receptor, and after 16-17 years of age for the serotonin uptake site. These developmental changes might have an impact on the effect of treatment with serotonergic drugs in children and adolescents. When the platelet serotonin variables investigated are employed in studies in children or adolescents, age matching or, alternatively, introduction of age control in the statistical analysis should be performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Parental rearing and problem behaviours in male delinquent adolescents versus controls in northern Russia.

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible relationships between parental rearing practices and problem behaviours in a sample of male delinquent adolescents versus controls. A total of 133 subjects from a juvenile correction centre and 108 matched school-children in the Arkhangelsk region, Russia, were assessed by means of the EMBU questionnaire and Youth Self-Report. Delinquents were more severely treated by parents and had more pronounced problem scores. Furthermore, problem scores were found to be highly correlated with parental rejection and lack of emotional warmth in both delinquents and controls. Parental rearing practices may influence the development of problem behaviours. The implications of these findings with regard to preventive measures are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Juvenile male rape victims: is the level of post-traumatic stress related to personality and parenting?

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the level of post-traumatic stress in juvenile male rape victims and to test for its relationships with perceived parental rearing and personality dimensions. METHOD: Fifteen subjects (mean age of 16 years) were recruited from a correctional camp for juvenile criminals in Arkhangelsk, Russia. They were investigated by means of the "Revised Impact of Event Scale," the "Child Self-Report Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Index," the "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale," the "EMBU" (perceived parental rearing) and the "Temperament and Character Inventory" (TCI). RESULTS: The level of post-traumatic stress, in most cases moderate to high, correlated with the temperament dimensions of harm avoidance and reward dependence. As concerns parental rearing, the total level of post-traumatic stress reaction was negatively correlated with paternal emotional warmth and positively with paternal rejection. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of post-traumatic stress is influenced by temperamental characteristics as well as by perceived parental rearing practices. Assumingly, these factors also play a role in becoming a rape victim, which deserves further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Self-esteem in children with nocturnal enuresis and urinary incontinence: improvement of self-esteem after treatment.

A study of self-esteem before and after medical treatment was performed in children with primary nocturnal enuresis (NE) and urinary incontinence (UI). The NEUI children and the controls were recruited from the normal population in the town of Umeå, Sweden. In total, 66 NEUI children and 64 controls entered the study. Clinical examination, laboratory and psychological tests were performed before the start of treatment. Follow-up investigations were done 3 and 6 months after the start of treatment. To assess self-esteem we used the Swedish self-esteem questionnaire 'I think I am'. Compared to controls, the NEUI children had significant impairment of self-esteem before the start of treatment. Within the NEUI group, boys had lower self-esteem than girls. After 6 months of treatment, the NEUI children had the same levels of self-esteem as the control group. The NEUI children that had become totally dry had significantly better self-esteem at 6-month follow-up as compared to the NEUI children with persisting NEUI problems. In conclusion, the study shows that NEUI children have low self-esteem and that their self-esteem may be normalized with proper treatment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Long-term stimulant treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: We wanted to study the effects of amphetamine on symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over a longer period than has been reported in previous studies of central stimulants in this condition. METHODS: Sixty-two children, aged 6 to 11 years, meeting DSM-III-R symptom criteria for ADHD participated in a parallel-group design, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of amphetamine treatment. Treatment was not restricted to children with "pure" ADHD, ie, some had comorbid diagnoses. In the amphetamine group, children received active treatment for 15 months. RESULTS: Amphetamine was clearly superior to placebo in reducing inattention, hyperactivity, and other disruptive behavior problems and tended to lead to improved results on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised. Treatment failure rate was considerably lower and time to treatment failure was longer in the amphetamine group. Adverse effects were few and relatively mild. CONCLUSION: The results of this long-term, placebo-controlled study of the central stimulant amphetamine in the treatment of ADHD indicate that there are remaining positive effects of the drug 15 months after starting treatment.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1997

Self-esteem before and after treatment in children with nocturnal enuresis and urinary incontinence.

A case control study was designed to study self-esteem in children with nocturnal enuresis and daytime incontinence. The patients and the controls were recruited from the normal population in the town of Umeå, Sweden. Medical and psychological examinations were performed before the start of treatment. Follow up investigations were carried out at 3 and 6 months after starting treatment. Self-esteem was measured using a Swedish self-answering questionnaire that was known to have good psychometric properties. Statistically significant impairment of self-esteem was observed between patients and control children before starting treatment (P < 0.001). After 6 months treatment, the patients had the same levels of self-esteem as the control group. Self-esteem was significantly better in patients that were totally dry at 6 months follow up compared with the patients with persisting urinary problems (P < 0.01). Children from lower socioeconomic groups were found to have lower self-esteem than children from higher socioeconomic groups; boys were also found to have lower self-esteem than girls.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Postoperative analgesia by continuous extradural infusion of ropivacaine after upper abdominal surgery.

Ropivacaine is a new local anaesthetic with advantages that suggest an important role in the provision of postoperative analgesia. The main aim of this study was to investigate the dose-response relationship of extradural infusion of ropivacaine. We studied 36 ASA I-III patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery during general anaesthesia and extradural block (catheter insertion at T6-9) using 0.5% ropivacaine in a randomized, double-blind study. After surgery nine patients each received an extradural infusion of either ropivacaine 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% or saline at a rate of 10 ml h-1 for 21 h. All patients had access to i.v. morphine via a PCA device. The ropivacaine groups consumed significantly less morphine over the 21-h infusion period than the saline group (medians: saline 75 mg; 0.1% ropivacaine 32 mg; 0.2% ropivacaine 39 mg; 0.3% ropivacaine 13 mg) (P < 0.05). Pain (VAS scores) at rest was significantly lower in all ropivacaine groups than in the saline group after 4 h of infusion (medians: saline 45 mm; 0.1% ropivacaine 15 mm; 0.2% ropivacaine 12 mm; 0.3% ropivacaine 0 mm). Pain on coughing was significantly less in all ropivacaine groups than in the saline group after 4 h infusion (medians: saline 67 mm; 0.1% ropivacaine 44 mm; 0.2% ropivacaine 33 mm; 0.3% ropivacaine 0 mm) and for 0.2% and 0.3% ropivacaine at later times. Motor block was negligible throughout the infusion. Patient satisfaction was higher in the 0.2% and 0.3% ropivacaine groups than in the two other groups.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1996

Relations between age, metabolic control, disease adjustment and psychological aspects in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The relations between age, metabolic control, disease adjustment, and psychological factors in boys and girls with recently diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were studied. Older girls had significant higher postremission glycosylated haemoglobin A (Hb AIc) levels (p = 0.008). Girls with more hospitalizations had a lower developmental level (p = 0.05), and had significantly more problems in the behavioural rating (p = 0.05). Boys with more hospitalizations had a more external locus of control (p = 0.01), more difficulties with disease adjustment, more emotional problems, and were also clinically assessed as having more behavioural problems. Boys showing more difficulties in psychological adjustment to the disease also had higher postremission Hb AIc levels (p = 0.02). Although Swedish children with IDDM of short disease duration do not differ from healthy children in important psychological aspects, older girls and a small group of problematic younger boys are at risk of developing metabolic imbalance after a short disease duration.

Adolescent↗