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Biomedical subjects

B Haas

Publications and source records attributed to B Haas.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Frontal plane kinematics after mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty.

Frontal plane kinematics including condylar lift-off and medial to lateral translation were investigated in 10 patients who had total knee arthroplasty with a mobile-bearing rotating platform or a similar implant that had been modified with a posterior stabilizer. The rotating platform had condylar lift-off (average, 2 mm) and medial tibial translation (average, 4.3 mm) in all implants tested. The posterior-stabilized prosthesis had significantly less condylar lift-off (average, 1.2 mm) and medial translation (average, 1.7 mm). The difference is attributed to constraint of the posterior stabilizer mechanism in the frontal plane. The important kinematic functions of frontal plane condylar lift-off and medial to lateral translation must be accounted for by contemporary total knee prosthetic designs because abnormalities may lead to abnormal wear and loss of prosthetic fixation.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
PubMed2001

Influence of parental histories of cardiovascular risk factors on risk factor clusters in the offspring.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of parental histories of cardiovascular risk factors on risk factor clusters (RFC) in representative samples from three French populations (MONICA centers of Lille, Strasbourg, Toulouse). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a representative cross-sectional study, we screened 1,291 males and 1,264 females, aged 35-64 years. Subjects were defined as RFC cases when they were affected by at least 2 disorders among, hypertension (systolic or diastolic blood pressure >=140/90 mmHg and/or antihypertensive drug), diabetes (physician-diagnosed diabetes and/or glycemia >=7.0 mmol/l and/or hypoglycemic drug), and dyslipidemia (triglycerides > 2.26 mmol/l and/or HDL-cholesterol<0.9 mmol/l in men and<1.2 mmol/l in women). Nineteen percent of the subjects were RFC cases. Parental histories of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia) were positive if they were under 65. About 29% of the subjects had at least one parental history of risk factor. RESULTS: After adjustment for sex, age, educational level, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, body mass index, LDL cholesterol and center, parental histories of cardiovascular risk factors were significantly associated with the RFC. One, two, or at least three parental histories were significantly associated with increased odds of being RFC cases (adjusted OR 1.39 95% CI [1.05-1.82], 2.90 95% CI [1.91-4.40], 2.93 95% CI [1.41-6.08]). Furthermore, a maternal-only history vs a paternal-only history of hypertension or diabetes was associated with strong odds of being an RFC case. CONCLUSION: At least a single cardiovascular risk factor in parents was significantly associated with RFC in offspring, independently of environmental parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Diagnosis of foot and mouth disease].

Because foot-and-mouth disease has the potential for an explosive spread, instant and reliable diagnosis is of special importance. In this article the clinical examination, types and shipment of samples as well as the current methods of laboratory diagnosis by detection of FMD-virus, antigen, nucleic acid and antibodies are reviewed. Special emphasis is laid on the differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals, in respect to conventional as well as novel vaccines.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Persistence of FDMV and its effects on disease control strategies].

It is well-known that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a persistent infection, lasting for more than 28 days, in cattle, sheep, goat as well as some other ruminant species, but not in pigs. Although convincing evidence for virus transmission is missing, these carrier animals have to be considered as a potential risk of infection. Some aspects of FMDV persistence are presented and discussed with regard to disease control strategies.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

The genome of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana has five chromosomes. Here we report the sequence of the largest, chromosome 1, in two contigs of around 14.2 and 14.6 megabases. The contigs extend from the telomeres to the centromeric borders, regions rich in transposons, retrotransposons and repetitive elements such as the 180-base-pair repeat. The chromosome represents 25% of the genome and contains about 6,850 open reading frames, 236 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and 12 small nuclear RNAs. There are two clusters of tRNA genes at different places on the chromosome. One consists of 27 tRNA(Pro) genes and the other contains 27 tandem repeats of tRNA(Tyr)-tRNA(Tyr)-tRNA(Ser) genes. Chromosome 1 contains about 300 gene families with clustered duplications. There are also many repeat elements, representing 8% of the sequence.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2000

Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

Arabidopsis thaliana is an important model system for plant biologists. In 1996 an international collaboration (the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative) was formed to sequence the whole genome of Arabidopsis and in 1999 the sequence of the first two chromosomes was reported. The sequence of the last three chromosomes and an analysis of the whole genome are reported in this issue. Here we present the sequence of chromosome 3, organized into four sequence segments (contigs). The two largest (13.5 and 9.2 Mb) correspond to the top (long) and the bottom (short) arms of chromosome 3, and the two small contigs are located in the genetically defined centromere. This chromosome encodes 5,220 of the roughly 25,500 predicted protein-coding genes in the genome. About 20% of the predicted proteins have significant homology to proteins in eukaryotic genomes for which the complete sequence is available, pointing to important conserved cellular functions among eukaryotes.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2000

Independent association of an APOE gene promoter polymorphism with increased risk of myocardial infarction and decreased APOE plasma concentrations-the ECTIM study.

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a major protein in lipid metabolism existing in three common isoforms: APOE2, -3 and -4. The varepsilon4 allele of the APOE gene ( APOE ) coding for the APOE4 isoform is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, several polymorphisms in the APOE regulatory region have been reported. Some of these have been associated with AD and modified APOE allelic mRNA expression in AD brains. Here, we have investigated whether three of these promoter polymorphisms (-491AT, -427CT and -219GT) can also modify cardiovascular risk. The hypothesis was tested in a large multicentre case-control study of MI, the ECTIM Study, on 567 cases and 678 controls. Among the three APOE promoter polymorphisms tested, only the-219T allele was associated with a significantly increased risk of MI (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.09-1.52, P < 0.003) and the effect was shown to be independent of the presence of the other mutations, including the APOE epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 polymorphism. Moreover, the-219T allele greatly decreased the APOE plasma concentrations in a dose-dependent manner ( P < 0.008). These data indicate that the-219GT polymorphism of the APOE regulatory region emerges as a new genetic susceptibility risk factor for MI and constitutes another common risk factor for both neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Characteristics of male vitamin supplement users aged 50-59 years in France and Northern Ireland: the PRIME Study. Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction.

The prevalence and characteristics of vitamin supplement users were assessed in 7538 male subjects aged 50-59 from France and 2468 from Northern Ireland. In France, 15% of subjects used vitamin supplements; users were significantly younger, had a lower body mass index, a higher educational level, had more frequently a hard physical job, reported more frequently a personal history of disease and were less frequently retired or inactive than non-users. In Northern Ireland, 21% of subjects were vitamin supplement users; users had a lower body mass index, drank less alcohol, had a higher educational level, were more frequently non-smokers and professionally active, and reported a hard physical job and the practice of leisure sports more frequently than non-users. Finally, vitamin supplement users in Northern Ireland had a lower consumption of alcohol, smoked less, had a lower frequency of personal history of disease and were more frequently on dietary therapy for hypertension or dyslipidaemia than their French counterparts. We conclude that vitamin supplement use is associated with a healthier lifestyle and with dietary measures against hypertension and dyslipidaemia in Northern Ireland. The less favorable lifestyle observed for vitamin supplement users in France awaits further investigation.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2000

Patterns of alcohol consumption in middle-aged men from France and Northern Ireland. The PRIME study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the patterns of alcohol consumption in France and Northern Ireland. DESIGN: Four cross-sectional studies. SETTING: Sample of 50-59 y old men living in France and Northern Ireland, consuming at least one unit of alcoholic beverage per week. SUBJECTS: 5363 subjects from France and 1367 from Northern Ireland. INTERVENTIONS: None. RESULTS: Consumption of wine was higher in France whereas consumption of beer and spirits was higher in Northern Ireland. Alcohol drinking was rather homogeneous throughout the week in France, whereas Fridays and Saturdays accounted for 60% of total alcohol consumption in Northern Ireland. In both countries, current smokers had a higher consumption of all types of alcoholic beverages than non-smokers. Similarly, obese and hypertensive subjects had a higher total alcohol consumption than non-obese or normotensive subjects, but the type of alcoholic beverages differed between countries. In Northern Ireland, subjects which reported some physical activity consumed significantly less alcoholic beverages than sedentary subjects, whereas no differences were found in France. Conversely, subjects with dyslipidemia consumed more alcoholic beverages than normolipidemic subjects in France, whereas no differences were found in Northern Ireland. In France, total alcohol, wine and beer consumption was negatively related to socioeconomic status and educational level. In Northern Ireland, total alcohol, beer and spirits consumption was negatively related whereas wine consumption was positively related to socioeconomic status and educational level. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol drinking patterns differ between France and Northern Ireland, and also according to cardiovascular risk factors, socioeconomic and educational levels. SPONSORSHIP: Merck, Sharp & Dohme-Chibret (France), the NICHSA and the Department of Health and Social Service (Northern Ireland).

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2000

Association of hypertensive status and its drug treatment with lipid and haemostatic factors in middle-aged men: the PRIME study.

AIMS: To assess the association of hypertensive status and antihypertensive drug treatment with lipid and haemostatic levels in middle-aged men. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hypertensive status, antihypertensive drug treatment, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, apoproteins A-I and B, lipoparticles LpA-I, LpE:B and Lp(a), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity and factor VII were assessed in a sample of men 50-59 years living in France (n = 7050) and Northern Ireland (n = 2374). After adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking status, educational level, country, alcohol drinking and hypolipidaemic drug treatment, untreated hypertensive subjects had higher levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, apoproteins A-I and B and PAI-I activity than normotensive subjects. On univariate analysis, diuretics decreased total and HDL-cholesterol and apoproteins A-I and B; those differences remained after multivariate adjustment. Treatment with beta-blockers decreased total and HDL-cholesterol, apoprotein A-I and LpA-I, and this effect remained after multivariate adjustment. Calcium channel blockers decreased total cholesterol and apoproteins A-I and B; those differences remained significant after multivariate adjustment. ACE inhibitors decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, apoprotein B and LpE:B; and this effect remained after multivariate adjustment. Analysis of the subjects on monotherapy showed beta-blockers to decrease total cholesterol and HDL parameters and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to decrease low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-related parameters, while no effect was found for the other antihypertensive drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertensive status is associated with an unfavourable lipid and haemostatic profile in middle-aged men. Antihypertensive treatment with beta-blockers decreases HDL parameters, whereas treatment with ACE inhibitors appears to decrease total cholesterol and LDL-related parameters.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1999

Elevated lipid levels in Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.

BACKGROUND: Elevated cholesterol levels have been reported in panic disorder and anger attacks, but not major depression. No data have been reported in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: Seventy-three male Vietnam veterans with chronic (PTSD) had serum lipid screening upon entry to a 90-day inpatient program. RESULTS: Elevated cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and reduced high-density lipoprotein, were frequent in Vietnam veterans with chronic PTSD and are significant risk factors for coronary artery disease. CONCLUSIONS: Routine lipid screening may be warranted in this at-risk population. Altered lipid levels may result from activation of the noradrenergic system.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of the plaque test and reverse transcription nested PCR for the detection of FMDV in nasal swabs and probang samples.

In order to compare the sensitivity of assays for the diagnosis of foot-and mouth disease (FMD), a cell suspension plaque test on BHK21-CT cells and a reverse transcription nested PCR (RT-nPCR) were used to examine 485 nasal swabs and 227 probang samples obtained from FMDV-infected cattle during vaccine potency tests. In nasal swabs, FMDV could be detected by both tests before the onset of clinical symptoms. However, after two weeks p.i., FMDV was only detected routinely in the probang samples. Examination of nasal swabs revealed a higher number of infected animals using RT-nPCR than by the use of the plaque test. Both tests gave approximately equivalent results with the probang samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Influence of parental history of hypertension on blood pressure.

AIM: To assess the effect of parental history of hypertension on blood pressure in representative samples from three French populations (MONICA centres of Lille, Strasbourg, Toulouse). METHODS: We screened 1660 males and 1635 females, aged 35-64 years. Subjects were defined as hypertensive if systolic blood pressure >/=160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure >/=95 mm Hg or if they were treated by antihypertensive drugs. Four groups of parental history were determined: no parental history; at least one parent hypertensive before 60 years; hypertension was diagnosed after 60; and hypertension with unknown age of discovery. A logistic regression model was used separately for each sex. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, body mass index, physical exercise, educational level, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, centre, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia, parental history before age 60 was related to offspring's hypertension: OR = 2.09 (95% CI: 1.42-3.09) in men, and OR = 2.77 (95% CI: 1.95-3.93) in women. This relationship was stronger when we compared two parental histories versus none (women: OR = 5.33, 95% CI: 1.30-21.94; men: OR = 7.78, 95% CI: 2.45-24.74). CONCLUSION: In this representative cross-sectional study, history of hypertension in at least one parent was associated with offspring's hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in chickens.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed in a homologous system with bacterial ultrasonic-treated proteins as the antigen and antisera from chickens infected orally and subcutaneously with the strain Campylobacter jejuni serovar 6 (CJ 6). The cut-off level was determined using antisera from non-infected specific-pathogen-free chickens up to the age of 10 weeks. The suitability of the ELISA system was verified using antisera taken from chickens orally infected at the age of 4 weeks with CJ 1, 6, 28 or 36 or with Campylobacter coli serovar 28 (CC 28). The development of antibodies was monitored up to 6 weeks post-infection (p.i.). Sera from chickens infected with CJ 1, 6, 36 or CC 28 contained specific antibodies to Campylobacter, whereas in those infected with CJ 28 no specific antibodies were found. Distinct cross-reactions were observed between CJ 6, 28 and CC 28 antigens and their antisera 6 weeks p.i., while poor cross-reactions were found with antisera to CJ 1 and 28. Antibodies to strains of all heterologous serovars were successfully detected with an antigen pool comprised of CJ 1, 6 and 36 antigens. In 11 out of the 12 field sera obtained from 5- and 9-week-old broiler chickens suffering from campylobacteriosis, high specific antibody titres to Campylobacter jejuni were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Trends and geographical disparities in coronary heart disease in France: are results concordant when different definitions of events are used?

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether different definitions of acute coronary events yielded concordant results concerning trends and geographical disparities in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and morbidity in France. STUDY DESIGN: Data from three French CHD registries participating in the WHO MONICA Project during the period 1985-1992. SETTING: Three areas of about one million inhabitants each in the North, South and East of France. SUBJECTS: About 2,000 acute coronary events each year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, annual rate of fatal and non-fatal events, incidence of first and recurrent events, case-fatality rates. RESULTS: For incidence and mortality, the broader the broader the definition of the acute event, the higher the reported rates. The same tendency was not observed for case-fatality rates. Comparing between-registry rates for mortality, 28-day case-fatality and hospital case fatality yielded relatively concordant results whatever the definition of event. As a whole, the higher mortality rate in Lille and its intermediate rank in Strasbourg were related more to disparities in case-fatality rates, with only small variations in incidence rates, independently of the definition used. Comparing temporal trends in rates within and between regions, a consistent decrease in annual mortality rates and case-fatality rates was observed, whatever the definition. In contrast, the incidence of non-fatal probable myocardial infarction did not change during the period in any register. CONCLUSIONS: Although the absolute estimates of rates were variable with the definition of the event, major findings in relation to trends and geographical disparities were fairly consistent across the definitions: the North-South gradient in mortality observed in France was found to be much more pronounced for case fatality than for incidence. The proportion of milder acute myocardial infarction is currently increasing and this element should be taken into account when analysing CHD rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

BRCA-associated breast cancer: absence of a characteristic immunophenotype.

To characterize the biological features of breast cancer associated with germ-line mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, invasive tumors were studied from 58 Jewish women ascertained through studies of early-onset breast cancer. All women were tested for the BRCA1 founder mutations 187delAG (commonly known as 185delAG) and 5385insC (commonly known as 5382insC) and the BRCA2 founder mutation 6174delT. Mutations were detected in 17 of 58 (29.3%) women. Comparing BRCA-associated breast cancers (BABCs) to cases arising in women without founder mutations, no differences were noted in tumor size, tumor stage, or frequency of axillary nodal involvement. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the predominant histological type in both groups. BABCs were significantly more likely to be of histological grade III (100 versus 63%; P = 0.04), estrogen receptor negative (75 versus 35%; P = 0.004), and HER2/neu negative (87 versus 58%; P = 0.04). An associated intraductal component was present in 59% of BABCs and 76% of cancers not associated with mutations (P = not significant). A high Ki-67 labeling index was more commonly observed in BABCs than in cases without mutations (83 versus 48%; P = 0.09). There were no differences between the two groups in the frequency of expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, cathepsin D, bcl-2, p27, p53, or cyclin D. There were no significant differences in relapse-free or overall survival. These observations suggest that breast cancers arising in Jewish women with germ-line BRCA founder mutations have a greater proliferative potential than cancers in women without such mutations. Additional studies of BABC are required to determine the nature and implications of additional genetic abnormalities occurring in these tumors.

Adult↗