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Biomedical subjects

B Haglund

Publications and source records attributed to B Haglund.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The use of health service areas for measuring provider availability.

Measurement of the availability of health care providers in a geographic area is a useful component in assessing access to health care. One of the problems associated with the county provider-to-population ratio as a measure of availability is that patients frequently travel outside their counties of residence for health care, especially those residing in nonmetropolitan counties. Thus, in measuring the number of providers per capita, it is important that the geographic unit of analysis be a health service area. We have defined health care service areas for the coterminous United States, based on 1988 Medicare data on travel patterns between counties for routine hospital care. We used hierarchical cluster analysis to group counties into 802 service areas. More than one half of the service areas include only nonmetropolitan counties. The service areas vary substantially in the availability of health care resources as measured by physicians and hospital beds per 100,000 population. For almost all of the service areas, the majority of hospital stays by area residents occur within the service area. In contrast, for 39 percent of counties, the majority of hospital stays by county residents occur outside the county. Thus, the service areas are a more appropriate geographic unit than the county for measuring the availability of health care.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1991

Health service areas for the United States.

The objectives of this report are to document methods used to identify health service areas for the United States and to describe and evaluate these areas. A health service area is defined as one or more counties that are relatively self-contained with respect to the provision of routine hospital care. Service areas that include more than one county are characterized by travel between the counties for routine hospital care.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1990

Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome: a population-based study.

Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were examined in a prospective study based on Swedish births between 1983 and 1985. All infants surviving the first week of life were included (279,938). The overall rate of SIDS was 0.7 per 1,000 first week survivors. Elevated relative risks were associated with low maternal age, multiparity, maternal smoking, and male infants. Smoking doubled the risk and a clear dose-response relation by amount smoked was observed. Maternal smoking also seemed to influence the time of death, as infants of smokers died at an earlier age. In countries like Sweden, smoking may be the single most important preventable risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A cartographic study of hospital utilization in the county of Uppsala.

In this study the question whether increased resources in community based primary care lead to decreased utilization of in-patient care has been analysed. Two alternative types of analysis were compared: a municipality-based analysis and a cartographic analysis based on non-administrative reference areas. The study material consisted of person-based data from Uppsala County in Sweden. The cartographic analyses revealed important characteristics of the utilization pattern, which would not have been possible to ascertain using traditional methods such as analyses based on administrative areas. Thus, the cartographic analysis gave some support to the hypothesis that increased resources to primary care will reduce the utilization of in-patient care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Heavy users of prescription drugs--mortality and stability in use patterns.

Longitudinal analyses of heavy users of prescription drugs were carried out in a geographically defined population in mideastern Sweden. During the period 1976-1983 the individual stability in heavy use of prescription drugs was analysed in heavy users identified in 1975. Mortality of heavy and nonheavy users during the same period was also studied. The 10% with the heaviest use accounted for more than 40% of total drugs prescribed. A substantial proportion of heavy users continued heavy use for eight or more years. These continuing heavy users accounted for more than 7% of total drugs prescribed during 1983. Individual stability in heavy use of prescription drugs over time varied with age. Continued heavy use was not common in the youngest heavy users, whereas a substantial proportion of older heavy users continued with such use over time. There were no differences between men and women in continued heavy use. Heavy users with use of hormonal drugs, including anti-diabetics, or use of psychotropics had a greater tendency towards continued heavy use, compared with heavy users without such use. Heavy users with use of antibiotics, systemic drugs for allergies or drugs for ear, nose, and throat conditions had a lower tendency towards continued heavy use over time, compared with other heavy users. Heavy users of prescription drugs had a higher mortality, compared with nonheavy users.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Death caused by a constricting snake--an infant death.

A 21-month-old male was found dead in his crib. An escaped pet python snake (Python reticulatus) was found near the child on a cribside shelf. Autopsy findings included petechiae associated with asphyxial death plus puncture wounds consistent with the reptile's teeth. This report details this 1982 death of a child in Reno, Nevada, and includes illustration of the reptile's bite marks plus description of snake jaw mechanics in swallowing.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cigarette smoking as risk factor for late fetal and early neonatal death.

Risk factors for late fetal death and early neonatal mortality were examined in a population based prospective study. Practically all Swedish births between 1983 and 1985 were included, 281,808 births in all. The overall rates of late fetal death and early neonatal mortality were 3.5 and 3.1 per 1000, respectively. About 30% of the pregnant women were recorded as being daily smokers. Logistic regression analyses showed significant relative risks for late fetal death for high maternal age (1.4), nulliparity (1.4), multiparity (greater than or equal to 2) (1.3), smoking (1.4), and multiple births (2.8). Significant relative risks for early neonatal mortality were found for multiple births (4.9) and smoking (1.2). Smokers aged under 35 faced a relative risk of late fetal death ranging from 1.1 to 1.6, while the risk for late fetal death was doubled if the mothers were aged 35 years or more and smoked. In countries like Sweden, where maternal cigarette smoking is prevalent, smoking may be the most important preventable risk factor for late fetal death.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Psychotropic drug use in a Swedish community--patterns of individual use during 2 years.

Psychotropic drug use in a Swedish community with a general population of about 20,000 was studied using data from a research registry on prescriptions. Patterns of individual psychotropic drug use during 2 years, 1980 and 1981, were analyzed. Use during the second year was studied in relation to use during the first year, and individuals with continued and new use were identified. About two thirds of those who obtained psychotropics during the first year continued using such drugs during the following year. Among those with no use during the first year, 6% obtained psychotropic drugs during the second year. Both continued and new use increased with age. Psychotropic drug use was nearly twice as common among women as compared to men among new users, whereas practically no sex difference was observed in continued use among previous users of psychotropics. Despite the finding that male psychotropic drug users were almost as likely as females to continue using these drugs, the overall proportion of continuous users in the population remained considerably higher among women as compared to men. The results from this study suggest that the greater use of psychotropics among women can be explained by a greater extent of occasional use as well as continuous use among women as compared to men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Psychotropic drug use in a Swedish community--the importance of demographic and socioeconomic factors.

In this study the importance of demographic and socioeconomic factors for the use of psychotropic drugs in the general population of a Swedish community was studied using data from a research registry on prescriptions. The study showed that age, gender, marital status, socioeconomic status and distance to the health center had independent and significant effects on the use of psychotropic drugs. Age was of very great importance; the proportion of users was more than ten times greater among individuals aged 75-84 years than among those aged 18-34 years. Furthermore it was approximately twice as common with those drugs among women as compared to men. Differences with regard to marital and socioeconomic status were also present but these were generally small except in certain groups such as men aged 35-44 who were not employed, divorced men aged 45-54 and 55-64 years and single women aged 35-44 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Estrogen and progestin receptors in intracranial meningiomas.

Tissue samples from 16 meningioma patients were analysed for the cytosolic estrogen receptor concentration using isoelectric focusing and 11 of the 16 cases were also analysed for the cytosolic progestin receptor concentration using sucrose gradient centrifugation. In this study, 15 of the 16 (94%) and 9 of the 11 (82%) meningiomas had detectable estrogen and progestin receptors, respectively. The mean estrogen receptor concentration in female subjects was 8.9 fmol/mg protein and in males 3.0 fmol/mg protein. This sexual difference in receptor content was statistically significant. When the progestin receptor concentrations were plotted against the estrogen receptor concentrations in the same tumors, a relatively good positive correlation was obtained in female patients (r = 0.87). These findings confirm and extend previous reports on the existence of sex steroid receptors in human brain tumors and might open up the possibility of selective endocrine therapy against meningiomas, especially in case of poor-risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Lack of serum cholesterol-lowering effect of skimmed milk and butter milk under controlled conditions.

The effects of skimmed milk and butter milk on the plasma concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were studied in voluntary male prisoners under carefully controlled conditions. No significant differences were observed in the serum lipid or lipoprotein levels between the groups ingesting the control diet and the diets containing 2.71 of skimmed milk or 2.01 of butter milk per day for 3 weeks.

Animals↗