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Biomedical subjects

B Hartman

Publications and source records attributed to B Hartman.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Altered penicillin-binding proteins in methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of a methicillin-resistant (MR) and a methicillin-susceptible (MS) Staphylococcus aureus were compared by various approaches involving the use of high-specific-activity [3H]penicillin as a reagent. The MR and MS strains were found to contain PBPs of the same number and electrophoretic mobilities. However, saturation of PBPs 1, 2, and 3 by methicillin in the MR strain required the use of several thousands of micrograms of antibiotic per milliliter, whereas 0.2 to 0.4 micrograms of methicillin per ml was sufficient to effectively compete with [3H]penicillin for the PBPs for the MS strain. Additional experiments indicate that these differences most likely reflect a greatly decreased affinity of the PBPs of the MR strain as compared to those of the MS strain. Shift of the pH of the culture medium of the MR strain from pH 7.0 to 5.2 resulted in an immediate drop in phenotypic resistance to methicillin (from a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 3,200 micrograms/ml at pH 7.0 to 0.8 microgram/ml at pH 5.2). Examination of the methicillin affinities of PBPs in MR bacteria grown at pH 5.2 showed the presence of the same low-affinity PBPs as in bacteria grown at pH 7.0. Thus, the pH-dependent resensitization to methicillin cannot be explained by a parallel increase in the antibiotic affinities of the PBPs.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1975

A total community approach to the treatment of alcoholism.

A review of psychopathology and withdrawal in alcoholics is presented. The use of disulfiram, milieu and half-way houses in the treatment of alcoholic patients is described. The role of the Community Mental Health Center is outlined. An extensive description of Palm Beach County's approach to the treatment of alcoholism is then explained. This heterogeneous county offers facilities for all types of patients, from the lowest to highest socioeconomic backgrounds. Detoxification in the Palm Beach Community Mental Health Center is fully described. The half-way houses, Alcoholics Anonymous programs, and other outpatient and inpatient treatment facilities are depicted.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum propoxyphene concentrations in a cohort of opiate addicts on long-term propoxyphene maintenance therapy. Evidence for drug tolerance in humans.

Propoxyphene, norpropoxyphene, and cyclic dinorpropoxyphene concentrations in the sera of eight opiate addicts were measured by gas chromatography. The addicts were enrolled in a propoxyphene maintenance program and had received 800-1600 mg of propoxyphene napsylate daily for 13-50 months. Serum propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene ranged from 127 to 1070 ng/mL and 814 to 2638 ng/mL, respectively, and their ratio ranged from 0.1 to 0.4. A roughly linear dose-to-serum-concentration relationship was found for serum propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene in the cohort. Cyclic dinorpropoxyphene was detected in three of the subjects' sera. Because tolerance to propoxyphene occurs, knowledge of prior drug exposure is necessary to determine whether an elevated propoxyphene or norpropoxyphene concentration is toxic to patients or decedents with apparent propoxyphene overdose. Serum norpropoxyphene concentration exceeds that of propoxyphene following chronic propoxyphene use. Measurable cyclic dinorpropoxyphene implies chronic propoxyphene use but its absence does not exclude chronic use.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of benign cystic teratoma of the omentum.

Benign cystic teratoma of the omentum is a rare gynecologic condition. No cases have been diagnosed preoperatively; six cases have been reported in association with an ovarian teratoma. We report a seventh case in which ultrasound and CT were used preoperatively.

Dermoid Cyst↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of a social support boosting intervention on stress, coping, and social support in caregivers of children with HIV/AIDS.

BACKGROUND: Caring for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected child is challenging and affects the entire family system. Studies have shown that social support can mitigate caregiver stress and enhance coping; however, social support may not always result in a positive outcome for the recipient. OBJECTIVES: To measure caregiver stress, coping, and social support, and to test the effect of a social support boosting intervention on levels of stress, coping, and social support among caregivers of children with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: An experimental design was used with monthly social support boosting interventions implemented. The stratified randomized sample included 70 primary caregivers of children with HIV/AIDS. The sample strata were seropositive caregivers (biological parents) and seronegative caregivers (foster parents and extended family members). Study measures included the Derogatis Stress Profile, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale, and the Tilden Interpersonal Relationship Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measure MANOVA. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups were found on changes in the dependent variables over time when caregiver strata were included as a factor in the analysis; no statistically significant results were found when caregiver strata were combined. Univariate Ftests indicated that the level of social support for caregivers who were seronegative in the experimental group was significantly different from seronegative caregivers in the control group and seropositive caregivers in both groups. No significant treatment group differences were found for seropositive caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: Seronegative caregivers derived substantial benefit from the social support boosting intervention. Seronegative caregivers who acquire a child with HIV/AIDS are confronted with a complex stressful situation; the critical need to enhance their social support is achievable through the intervention tested in this study.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Digital subtraction radiography for monitoring dental demineralization. An in vitro study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the assessment of progression of demineralization by digital subtraction radiography. In each of 14 extracted human teeth, 2 approximal enamel demineralization lesions were induced in vitro to simulate dental caries. A modified tunnel preparation with glass ionomer fillings was performed on one lesion of every tooth as a model of caries inhibition. Every week, radiographs were obtained under standardized conditions over a period of 42 days. The radiographs were digitized and calibrated for grayscales. Reference landmarks were chosen and aligned for the different pictures by computer-assisted imaging to adjust the images for projective distortions. The images of the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th and 42nd day were subtracted from the baseline radiograph. The mean value of gray values of the subtraction images was calculated and ANOVA tests for repeated measurements and paired t tests were used for statistical analysis. The results of the present study indicate that statistically significant gray level changes due to progression of demineralization could be detected in the radiographic images by subtraction analysis. Differences between glass ionomer-filled and nonfilled lesions failed to reach significance. The introduced method may have the potential to detect and document minute caries progression.

Analysis of Variance↗