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Biomedical subjects

B Herrmann

Publications and source records attributed to B Herrmann.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Genetic maps of mouse chromosome 17 including 12 new anonymous DNA loci and 25 anchor loci.

An interspecific backcross between lab mice and Mus spretus was used to construct a multilocus map of Chromosome 17 consisting of 12 new anonymous loci and 9 anchor loci. In addition, 7 anonymous DNA loci were added to the Chr 17 map for the BXD strains. Although we were able to identify readily the most likely gene order in the interspecific backcross, we found no evidence for an unambiguous gene order using the BXD recombinant inbred strains. Comparison of the interspecific backcross map and the BXD RI strain map revealed evidence in the interspecific backcross for a longer total genetic length, enhanced recombination distal to H-2, a segment showing suppressed recombination, and strong interference.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Selective stimulation of CD4+ versus CD8+ T-cell subsets in symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals.

To analyze the proliferative capacity of CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell subsets of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and to optimize the in vitro conditions for virus replication, CD4+ or CD8+ cells of HIV-1-infected patients were selectively activated inside the whole peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PMNC) population by dual antibody stimulation. To do so PMNC of HIV-1-infected individuals were stimulated with the per se nonmitogenic anti-CD3 antibody fragment BMA030 F(ab)2 crosslinked through goat antimouse antibodies with an anti-CD4 or an anti-CD8 antibody, which lead to selective proliferation of either the CD4+ or the CD8+ T-cell subset. In the presence of monocyte supernatant and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL2) CD4+ cells of HIV-1 patients responded normally upon such stimulation as their proliferation correlated (r = 0.9) to the percentage CD4+ cells present in the PMNC population. Selective stimulation and proliferation of CD8+ cells could, however, only partially be elicited by dual antibody stimulation, even in the presence of rIL-2 and monocyte supernatant. Their proliferative response did not correspond (r = 0.1) to the percentage CD8+ cells present in the PMNC culture. A positive correlation (r = 0.7) was detected only between percentage CD8+ HLA-DR- cells and proliferation. This confirmed previous studies showing that the defective in vitro proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes of HIV-infected individuals to mitogens, which is usually interpreted being due to a CD4 cell defect, is actually due to a failure of CD8+DR+ cells to proliferate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMed1991

Immune response in chlamydial conjunctivitis among neonates and adults with special reference to tear IgA.

Tear and serum samples from 128 neonates and 122 adults with conjunctivitis were examined for antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis with a micro-immunofluorescence (MIF) technique and the results compared to antigen detection by culture, enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Chlamydiazyme, Abbott) and direct immunofluorescence (IF) (MicroTrak, Syva and Chlamyset, Orion) tests. From the 52 culture-positive adults, chlamydial IgA (titre greater than or equal to 1:8) antibodies were detected in 81% of the tear and in 62% of the serum samples, while 88% had such serum IgG antibodies (titre greater than or equal to 1:32). The persistence of chlamydial IgA in tears and sera was related to the duration of symptoms of conjunctivitis and the antibody titres declined after institution of antibiotic treatment. In the adults, the sensitivity of the MIF tear IgA antibody test (81%) was higher than that of the EIA (71%) and the IF (MicroTrak 71% and Chlamyset 62%) tests. The specificity for the MIF test was 79%, while it was 100% for the EIA and the two IF tests. Of the 67 chlamydia-infected neonates, 36% had chlamydial tear IgA antibodies, while such antibodies were only found in 15% of the sera. No neonates with chlamydia-negative conjunctivitis had chlamydial IgA antibodies. The MIF test may be used as a diagnostic method complementary to culture, EIA and IF tests in the diagnosis of chlamydial conjunctivitis in adults, but is not applicable in neonates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Further studies on cold adapted variants of human influenza virus A/Krasnodar/101/59 (H2N2) with special reference to genetic stability of attenuation markers.

A previously described cold adapted (ca) attenuated virus, K/25, derived from parent strain A/Krasnodar/101/59 (H2N2), was further modified by 35 additional passages in chick embryos at suboptimal temperature. The virus obtained had retained a distinct ts and ca phenotype and some other markers of attenuation but differed from formerly isolated ca variants by its higher genetic stability connected with an increased growth capacity in chick embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Bowmaker's disease: an occupational disease in the manufacture of bows for string instruments].

Inhalation of wood dust from the tropical tree Fernambouc (Caesalpinia echinata) in the manufacture of string bows can cause characteristic symptoms (bow-makers disease). To confirm this observation, 177 bow-makers, working in a village near Erlangen (Bavaria), the centre of this manufacture, filled in questionnaires. Of these 36 worked with Fernambouc, 141 with other types of wood. Twelve out of these 36 suffered from dyspnoea, cough, sneezing impulses, tearing and coryza, which would disappear quickly at weekends and during holidays. 14 of those working with other types of wood merely had sneezing, irritation of the mucosa, a few also cough, dyspnoea and tearing. Extracts of Fernambouc splinters were made for serological testing. However, neither experimental sensitization in animals nor skin tests in the twelve gave allergic reactions. A 51-year-old woman with long-standing bronchial asthma developed dyspnoea five minutes after an inhalative provocation test; a prick test brought about slight infiltration. Thus, no evidence of an allergic origin of symptoms from Fernambouc dust inhalation could be elicited.

Asthma↗
PubMed1990

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Economics↗
PubMed1990

Culture, ELISA and immunofluorescence tests for the diagnosis of conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in neonates and adults.

The relative value of culture, direct specimen antigen detection tests, i.e., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence (IF) tests in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was studied in 125 newborns and 121 adults with signs of conjunctivitis. Eye and nasopharyngeal samples were tested by culture using cycloheximide-treated or irradiated McCoy cells, ELISA (i.e., Chlamydiazyme, Abbott) and IF tests (i.e., Chlamyset, Orion and MicroTrak, Syva). Of the neonates, 70 (35 boys and 35 girls) and 54 (33 males and 21 females) of the adults were positive in one or both eyes in one or more tests: 191 (39%) in cultures, 173 (35%) in ELISA and 160 (33%), 176 (36%) in each of the IF tests. Using culture as standard reference, the sensitivities of ELISA and the IF tests were 88%, 81% and 87%, while the corresponding specificities were 99%, 98% and 97%, respectively. The predictive values for a negative test (PVN) were 93%, 89% and 92% and for a positive test (PVP) 98%, 96% and 94%. Of the 124 cases chlamydia-positive in the eyes, 67 (54%), 76 (61%), 64 (52%) and 70 (57%) were positive in nasopharyngeal samples in one or more of culture, ELISA and the two IF tests, respectively. The sensitivities of ELISA and the IF tests in nasopharyngeal samples were 87%, 78% and 81%, while the corresponding specificities were 90%, 93% and 91%, respectively. The predictive values for a negative (PVN) test were 95%, 92% and 93%, and for a positive test (PVP) 76%, 81%, and 77%. Nasopharyngeal swabs were more often positive in cases with 2 or more weeks' duration of symptoms than in those with shorter duration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Occurrence of Ureaplasma urealyticus and Mycoplasma hominis in non-gonococcal urethritis before and after treatment in a double-blind trial of ofloxacin versus erythromycin.

The efficacy of ofloxacin, a new quinolone derivate, was tested against that of erythromycin in a prospective double-blind trial in patients with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) with special reference to the occurrence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. 188 male NGU patients were randomized to treatment with either ofloxacin 200 mg b.i.d. or erythromycin 500 mg b.i.d. for seven days. Before treatment eight (4.3%) patients, five in the erythromycin group and three in the ofloxacin group, were M. hominis positive. At follow-up day 8 and 15 after start of treatment all five in the erythromycin group and two in the ofloxacin group were still positive. U. urealyticum was recovered in 16 patients (8.5%) before treatment. One patient was still positive in the erythromycin group when examined day 15, whereas all patients were negative in the ofloxacin group at both follow-up controls. Clinically, the efficacy of treatment day 15 was 77.4% in the erythromycin group and 84.3% in the ofloxacin group. The difference was not significant. Side-effects occurred in 38.5% in the erythromycin group and in 21.3% in the ofloxacin group. This difference is significant. Ofloxacin is effective in the treatment of NGU in males and is an alternative to conventional antibiotic treatment.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1989

[Physiologic sucking performance and the shape of the oral cavity in infants and young children with respect to the design of nipples for nursing bottles and pacifiers].

Empirical data for functional measurements of the infant oral cavity under stimulated sucking conditions are presented. The data may serve as a basis for the design of nourishing and nipple-shaped pacifiers. Casts of the oral cavity during sucking show a sagittal flattening. The length of the nipple-head influences sucking capacity.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1989

Mapping to molecular resolution in the T to H-2 region of the mouse genome with a nested set of meiotic recombinants.

We describe a meiotic fine-structure mapping strategy for achieving molecular access to developmental mutations in the mouse. The induction of lethal point mutations with the potent germ-line mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea has been reported. One lethal mutation of prime interest is an allele at the quaking locus on chromosome 17. To map this mutation, quaking(lethal-1), we have intercrossed hybrid mice that carry distinct alleles at many classical and DNA marker loci on proximal chromosome 17. From this cross we have obtained 337 animals recombinant in the T to H-2 region. This number of crossovers provides a mapping resolution in the size range of single mammalian genes if recombinational hot spots are absent. DNA samples obtained from these recombinant animals can be used retrospectively to map any restriction fragment length polymorphism in the region. This set of DNA samples has been used to map the molecular marker D17RP17 just distal of quaking(lethal-1). With the nested set of crossover DNA samples and appropriate cloning techniques, this tightly linked marker can be used to clone the quaking locus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of hemodilution with 10% hydroxyethyl starch solution (MW 200,000/9.5) on the flow properties of blood, arterial blood gases and conjunctival oxygen partial pressure in patients with cerebral infarct].

Hemorheological parameters, arterial blood gases and conjunctival oxygen tension were measured in 15 patients with acute ischemic stroke and compared with values obtained in an age matched reference group. Since the conjunctival capillary bed is perfused by the ophthalmic artery, it reflects the oxygen delivery to the areas supplied by the internal carotid artery. Measurements of conjunctival oxygen tension are simple and safe. Patients with acute ischemic stroke showed a lowered conjunctival oxygen tension; this holds true especially to the ipsilateral side, i.e. the side where the attack occurred, and to a lesser extent to the other side. By contrast, the ratio of arterial/conjunctival pO2 was disturbed only on the ipsilateral side. Furthermore, these patients had pathologically elevated values for red cell aggregation, whole blood and plasma viscosity. After infusing 500 ml 10% middle-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch (10% HAES-steril) and phlebotomy (250 ml) blood fluidity was normalized, although the hematokrit was only slightly reduced. Arterial pO2 improved slightly while pCO2 remained unchanged. Conjunctival oxygen tension improved by 30% on the ipsilateral and by 10% on the contralateral side, the ipsilateral values always remaining significantly lower. The ratio conjunctival/arterial pO2 raised only on the ipsilateral side where it was below the reference range before hemodilution. In addition to the well known improvement of blood fluidity and augmentation of cerebral blood flow following hemodilution in patients with acute ischemic stroke, there seems to be an increase in oxygen supply in the territories of both internal carotid arteries, especially on the ipsilateral side as indicated by the values of conjunctival oxygen tension and the ratio of conjunctival to arterial pO2.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1987

B-cell lymphomas of high-grade malignancy frequently lack HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ antigens and associated invariant chain.

The expression of HLA-DR, HLA-DP and HLA-DQ antigens was studied in an unselected series of 66 B-cell lymphomas by means of immunohistology using monoclonal antibodies against non-polymorphic determinants in a sensitive immunoperoxidase technique. In addition, the expression of the MHC class-II antigen-associated invariant chain (li) was examined. The tumors were classified according to the Kiel classification, 30 being of high-grade and 36 being of low-grade malignancy. Only 6 lymphomas of high-grade and 16 lymphomas of low-grade malignancy showed coordinate strong expression of all HLA class-II antigens and invariant chain as observed in the normal peripheral B cell. Six further tumors of high-grade and 8 tumors of low-grade malignancy contained tumor-cell subsets with reduced expression of one or several of the antigens. Eighteen lymphomas of high-grade and 12 lymphomas of low-grade malignancy contained varying tumor-cell subsets that were negative for HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ and li in a selective or combined manner. Three highly malignant tumors were devoid of all class-II antigens and li; 2 highly malignant tumors expressed invariant chain only. The presence of high-grade malignancy was significantly correlated with the occurrence of tumor cells lacking HLA-DR (p = 0.004), HLA-DP (p = 0.013), HLA-DQ (p = 0.007) or li (p = 0.024).

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1987

Defective expression of MHC class I antigens is frequent in B-cell lymphomas of high-grade malignancy.

An unselected series of 66 immunohistologically proven B-cell lymphomas was examined for the expression of MHC class I antigens with monoclonal antibodies directed against non-polymorphic determinants of HLA-A,B,C heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin. The tumors were classified according to the Kiel classification. No significant differences were observed in the reaction for HLA-A,B,C and beta 2m which may be indicative of a coordinate expression in our lymphoma series. In 37 cases (56%), all tumor cells exhibited strong staining for class I antigens as observed in normal B cells. The remaining 29 cases (44%) showed abnormally low or undetectable class I expression in varying tumor cell subsets; 13 cases were completely devoid of HLA-A,B,C. Twenty-two out of 30 lymphomas of high-grade malignancy but only 7/36 lymphomas of low-grade malignancy presented defective class I expression. This difference in proportion is highly significant (p less than 0.00002). Eleven of the 13 class I-negative lymphomas belonged to the group of high-grade malignancy. Centrocytic lymphoma, which has the poorest prognosis among the B-cell lymphomas of low-grade malignancy, was defective in 40% of the cases examined. The lymphoblastic type represented an exception within the lymphomas of high-grade malignancy as no defective expression was observed. In addition to the correlation between the high-grade malignancy and defective class I expression, defects occurred more frequently in lymphomas with an extra-nodal primary manifestation (p less than 0.05). The grade of malignancy, however, was not correlated with the primary site of the lymphoma.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗